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The ITER gas injection system delivers gases from the tritium plant to the vacuum vessel, fueling pellet injection system, and neutral beam for plasma operation and fusion power shutdown. In this s...

Castleman病是一种较为少见的淋巴组织增生性疾病。本文报道了一例以发热、多浆膜腔积液、肾损害为突出表现的患者，体检发现颈部淋巴结肿大，颈部淋巴结活检病理诊断透明血管型Castleman病，予BCD方案化疗（每28天1个疗程，硼替佐米2.0 mg 皮下注射+环磷酰胺450 mg 口服+地塞米松40 mg 口服，第1、8、15、22天），患者症状缓解，病情稳定出院。对不明原因的多浆膜腔积液患者，应将Castleman病作为鉴别诊断之一。浅表淋巴结部位的细致体检可能有助于提供诊断线索。.

Extremely elongated, conducting dust particles (also known as metallic "needles" or "whiskers") are seen in carbonaceous chondrites and in samples brought back from the Itokawa asteroid. Their formation in protostellar nebulae and subsequent injection into the interstellar medium have been demonstrated, both experimentally and theoretically. Metallic needles have been suggested to explain a wide variety of astrophysical phenomena, ranging from the mid-infrared interstellar extinction at ~3--8 micron to the thermalization of starlight to generate the cosmic microwave background. To validate (or invalidate) these suggestions, an accurate knowledge of the optics (e.g., the amplitude and the wavelength dependence of the absorption cross sections) of metallic needles is crucial. Here we calculate the absorption cross sections of iron needles of various aspect ratios over a wide wavelength range, by exploiting the discrete dipole approximation, the most powerful technique for rigorously calculating the optics of irregular or nonspherical grains. Our calculations support the earlier findings that the antenna theory and the Rayleigh approximation, which are often taken to approximate the optical properties of metallic needles are indeed inapplicable., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the univariate heritability of resting heart rate and common chronic disease such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia based on extended pedigrees in Fujian Tulou area and to explore bivariate heritability to test for the genetic correlation between resting heart rate and other relative phenotypes. METHODS: The study was conducted in Tulou area of Nanjing County, Fujian Province from August 2015 to December 2017. The participants were residents with Zhang surname and their relatives from Taxia Village, Qujiang Village, and Nanou Village or residents with Chen surname and their relatives from Caoban Village, Tumei Village, and Beiling Village. The baseline survey recruited 1 563 family members from 452 extended pedigrees. The pedigree reconstruction was based on the family information registration and the genealogy booklet. Univariate and bivariate heritability was estimated using variance component models for continuous variables, and susceptibility-threshold model for binary variables. RESULTS: The pedigree reconstruction identified 1 seven-generation pedigree, 2 five-generation pedigrees, 23 four-generation pedigrees, 186 three-generation pedigrees, and 240 two-generation pedigrees. The mean age of the participants was 57.2 years and the males accounted for 39.4%. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia in this population was 49.2%, 10.0%, and 45.2%, respectively. The univariate heritability estimation of resting heart rate, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was 0.263 (95%CI: 0.120-0.407), 0.404 (95%CI: 0.135-0.673), and 0.799 (95%CI: 0.590-1), respectively. The heritability of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 0.379, 0.306, 0.393, 0.452, 0.568, 0.852, and 0.387, respectively. In bivariate analysis, there were phenotypic correlations between resting heart rate with hypertension, diabetes, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and triglyceride. After taking resting heart rate into account, there were strong genetic correlations between resting heart rate with fasting glucose (genetic correlation 0.485, 95%CI: 0.120-1, P

In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be related to the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, their functional mechanisms remain to be investigated. Herein, we focus our research on the functions and mechanisms of circCNOT6L and miR-384 in ESCC.The levels of circCNOT6L, miR-384, and fibronectin 1 (FN1) were determined using quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). RNase R was used to investigate circCNOT6L stabilization. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot assay was employed to analyze the protein levels of FN1, proliferation-related genes, and iron metabolism-related genes. In addition, the interaction between miR-384 and circCNOT6L or FN1 was predicted by starBase3.0 and confirmed by the Dual-Luciferase reporter assay. Mouse xenograft was carried out to measure the effect of circCNOT6L on tumor growth in vivo.CircCNOT6L and FN1 levels were upregulated, and miR-384 level was downregulated in ESCC tissues/cells. CircCNOT6L knockdown attenuated ESCC cell proliferation and iron metabolism disorder, as well as accelerated apoptosis. Notably, circCNOT6L targeted miR-384, and miR-384 targeted FN1. MiR-384 depletion and FN1 upregulation weakened the effects of circCNOT6L knockdown and miR-384 overexpression on ESCC cell progression, respectively. Besides, circCNOT6L knockdown inhibited tumor growth in vivo.Our results demonstrated that circCNOT6L positively regulated the development of ESCC cells via modulating miR-384/FN1 axis. Our findings provided a theoretical basis for the therapy of ESCC patients.

To detect the expression of long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation gene 1 (PVT1) in uveal melanoma (UM) tissues, and to investigate its influence on the proliferation and apoptosis of UM cells as well as its mechanism.40 cases of UM tissues and 40 cases of adjacent tissues surgically resected in our hospital from October 2015 to April 2018 were collected. The expression level of lncRNA PVT1 in these tissues was determined by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Stable knockdown of lncRNA PVT1 was constructed in human UM cell line OCM-1 using small interfering RNA (siRNA). The impact of lncRNA PVT1 on UM cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was applied to measure the apoptotic level of UM cells in the blank control group and lncRNA PVT1 knockdown group. Meanwhile, the expression level of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) was determined by Western blotting.The expression level of lncRNA PVT1 in UM tissues was remarkably higher than that in the adjacent tissues (p0.05). UM cell proliferation was notably repressed after lncRNA PVT1 knockdown by siRNA. Flow cytometry results indicated that the number of apoptotic UM cells in lncRNA PVT1 knockdown group significantly increased compared with that in the blank control group (p0.05). The protein expression of EZH2 was suppressed after lncRNA PVT1 knockdown (p0.05).LncRNA PVT1 knockdown in UM cells can repress the proliferation of UM cells and promote their apoptosis by regulating EZH2 expression.

Purpose This study investigated the efficacy and patient satisfaction of "bi-ring method" breast surgery in 46 patients with hypermastia and/or mastoptosis. Materials and methods A questionnaire survey, objective data measurements, visual analysis system survey, and various scoring scales were used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the patients' indicators before and after surgery. Results Statistical analysis showed the following: symptoms and signs in patients with macromastia improved significantly; all patients' breast shapes improved significantly and became more symmetrical and durable; all patients had minor hidden scars; the nipples and areolas had good feeling postoperatively, and there were relatively few mild complications. Conclusions The patients' overall satisfaction was high, indicating that the "bi-ring method" of breast plastic surgery could not only improve the breast shape and boast concealed scars but could significantly improve the patients' signs and symptoms of hypermastia, but the nipples and areolas had good postoperative feeling and there were few complications. Thus, this is a reasonable surgical approach that is worthy of promotion.

Electroless copper plating on Al2O3 substrate assisted by a new non-noble pretreatment is developed, the surface exhibits granular distribution, and the particles are closely bound except for the presence of defects (large holes). Heat treatment is performed at various temperatures to modify this surface. Results show that slight surface changes occur when the heat treatment temperature is below the recrystallisation temperature. Beyond the recrystallisation temperature, particles are fused, thereby modifying certain properties. However, heat stress also increases with increased temperature to 800°C, leading to poor bonding between the plating and substrate. When the temperature approaches the melting point of copper, plating exhibits an entirely different surface morphology. The molten copper in the cooling process forms shrinkages and dimples that reduce coating performance. The optimal heat treatment temperature is deemed to be approximately 500°C.

An algorithm presented in a previous paper by the authors detects frequency anomalies. The algorithm was shown to be effective for early detection of weak frequency jumps, and also valid for frequency drift jumps that belong to the class of errors that are most difficult to detect. A modification to the original frequency jump detector algorithm is suggested by the addition of a noise-removal filter. The performance is then compared with the original algorithm and improvement is shown. An analysis of real data from a real satellite is also adopted.

Highway intersections as planned points of traffic conflict are believed to impose extra mental workload on drivers. The aim of this study is to identify the most representative physiological parameters of drivers' mental workload when they are passing through highway intersections and the relationship It is concluded that traffic flow on the main road section imposes the heaviest mental load on the drivers when they are on the entry and exit ramps. The total acceleration and deceleration of traffic flow is proved to be most significant positive to drivers' mental workload. The results of this study are useful to reduce drivers' mental workload by controlling the speed of traffic flow on the main road section of highway.

This study investigated the efficacy and patient satisfaction of "bi-ring method" breast surgery in 46 patients with hypermastia and/or mastoptosis.A questionnaire survey, objective data measurements, visual analysis system survey, and various scoring scales were used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the patients' indicators before and after surgery.Statistical analysis showed the following: symptoms and signs in patients with macromastia improved significantly; all patients' breast shapes improved significantly and became more symmetrical and durable; all patients had minor hidden scars; the nipples and areolas had good feeling postoperatively, and there were relatively few mild complications.The patients' overall satisfaction was high, indicating that the "bi-ring method" of breast plastic surgery could not only improve the breast shape and boast concealed scars but could significantly improve the patients' signs and symptoms of hypermastia, but the nipples and areolas had good postoperative feeling and there were few complications. Thus, this is a reasonable surgical approach that is worthy of promotion.

Floral differentiation is induced by low temperatures and enhanced by autumn and winter drought. Antioxidant enzyme activities, hydrogen peroxide concentration, leaf water content, maximum photochemical efficiency of PS 2 (F v /F m ) and SPAD value in Litchi chinensis Sonn. cvs. 'Nuomici' and 'Feizixiao' during the chilled and drought-induced floral differentiation from Nov. to Feb. 2006 were studied, with the aim to show the physiological changes during the stress-induced floral differentiation. The results showed that the SPAD value indicating chlorophyll concentration increased before and then decreased after the emergence of panicle primordia in 'Nuomici', while in 'feizixiao' SPAD values slowly rose during the period. Leaf water content in both cultivars decreased to the lowest level when panicle primordia emerged and increased thereafter. F v /F m decreased with the drop of temperature, and were higher in 'Feizixiao' than in 'Nuomici'. Activities of SOD and POD in the two cultivars increased at first and then decreased before panicle primordia emerged. But after that, the enzyme activities in 'Nuomici' increased and remained at stable levels, while that in 'Feizixiao' increased to a high level but decreased thereafter. APX activity in 'Nuomici' increased during the whole stage while in 'Feizixiao' it increased then decreased but still remained at a higher level. On the whole, APX activities in the floral induction stage were lower than those in the panicle developmental stage. A sudden increase in H 2 O 2 concentration in the two cultivars was found when panicle primordia emerged. H 2 O 2 concentration before panicle emergence in both cultivars was lower than that after panicle emergence.

This paper overviews the research on fruit size in litchi, an arillate fruit species. Factors affecting fruit size such as genetic characteristics, pericarp development, cytological basis, temperatures, water regime, phytohormones, nutrients, plant regulators, surgical operations such as pruning, girdling or bark ring incision etc., and crop load are discussed.

Floral bud of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a mixed bud consisting of leaf primordia, rudimentary leaves and panicle primordia. According to field observation, vigorous development of panicle results in abscission of rudimentary leaves. In this study, abscising rudimentary leaves (AL) and their subtending developing panicle (DP) were sampled from the terminal shoots of cvs. 'Nuomici' and 'Feizixiao'. In 'Nuomici', AL had a higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared to the DP. In 'Feizixiao', however, no significant difference was found between them, although AL had lower SOD activity. Peroxidase (POD) activity in AL was higher and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was lower than that in DP, whereas H 2 O 2 concentration was higher in AL than in DP in both cultivars. The DP had higher levels of zeatin plus zeatin riboside (ZRs) and auxin (IAA) and lower levels of abscisic acid (ABA) than AL. The results suggested that different developmental fates of AL and DP had different antioxidant activities and hormone balance. High levels of SOD and APX activities and low levels of POD activity and H 2 O 2 concentration, together with high levels of ZRs, IAA and low level of ABA may be associated with the vigorous development of the panicle. Whereas low levels of SOD and APX activities, high levels of POD activity and H 2 O 2 concentration, low levels of ZRs, IAA and high level of ABA may be associated with the senescence and abscission of rudimentary leaves caused by panicle development.

Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities in fruit pericarp of eight litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivars ('Nuomici', 'Feizixao', 'Guiwei', 'Edanli', 'Yuhebao', 'Dingxiang', 'Wuye' and 'Lanzhu') were studied. Antioxidant activities were elucidated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-piceyhydrazyl (DPPH) decoloration test and hydroxide free radical scavenging (HFRS) assay. Litchi fruit pericarp (LFP) contains rich phenolic compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, and exhibits a powerful antioxidant activity in retarding oil deterioration and antiradical activity in vitro. Among these cultivars, phenolic acids in dry pericarp ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 g 100 g -1 DW, total flavonoids from 1.5 to 3.8 g 100 g -1 DW, and proanthocyanidins from 1.6 to 4.4 g 100 g -1 DW. These compounds are the highest in 'Nuomici', 'Feizixiao' and 'Edanli', moderate in 'Yuhebao' and 'Wuye', and lowest in 'Guiwei', 'Dingxiang' and 'Lanzhu'. The radical scavenging rate ranged from 18 to 72% in DPPH system and from 22 to 57% in HFRS system. Their antiradical activities were positively correlated with phenols, while their activities against lipid oxidation showed no correlation with phenol levels. 'Nuomici' and 'Edanli' displayed the lowest peroxide values (POV) and therefore the highest lipid antioxidant activity and their activity increased with concentrations in the range of 0.1 to 0.8%. 'Feizixiao', though showed high phenolic content and radical scavenging rate, displayed a very poor ability in suppressing lipid oxidation.

Litchi industry in China at present suffers from seasonal overproduction, which causes heavy burden in marketing the fresh fruit. Development of processing industry provides a way out from this difficult situation. Large quantity of scrap materials of skin and seed will be produced from processing and await utilization. Health promoting effects and medical functions of litchi tissues were well documented in ancient China. Modern phytochemistry and pharmacology provide sound evidences of litchi's health promoting and medical functions, and functional compounds in the fruit are being discovered. This paper provides an overview of the studies of antioxidant activities in various fruit tissues of litchi, 'heating' effect of and allergens in the flesh, anti-cancer effect of the peel, and anticancer, antivirus and diabetes-controlling effects of the seed.

Changing cultivars in established litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) orchards is commonly carried out by top-grafting. However, there is little information about performances of different scion-rootstock combinations in grafted litchi trees. In this study, scions of different cultivars ('Guiwei', 'Nuomici' and 'Feizixiao') were top-grafted onto branches about 1 cm in thickness in trees of different cultivars ('Baitangying', 'Baila', 'Feizixiao', 'Heiye' and 'Shuangjianyuhebao') in the summer of 2006, and the length of shoots developed from the scions were measured 8 month later on June 7, 2007. The results showed that scions of 'Guiwei' grew vigorously on 'Baitangying' and 'Baila', but less vigorously on 'Heiye', while the growth was stunted when grafted onto 'Shuangjianyuhebao' and 'Feizixiao'. 'Nuomici' scion grew most vigorously on 'Baitangying', less vigorously on 'Baila' and least vigorously on 'Shuangjianyuhebao'. 'Feizixiao' shoot grew very well on 'Heiye'. The results showed a poor compatibility between 'Guiwei' and 'Feizixiao' and that 'Shuangjianyuhebao' might serve a dwarfing rootstock for 'Guiwei' and 'Nuomici'.

The compositions of the core/rim structure and liquid binder of TiC based cermets with nano TiN powders addition have been investigated in order to better understand the influence of compositions on properties. In addition, the distribution behaviour of nano TiN particles and the role of Mo addition were studied respectively. It was found that most of the nano TiN particles were distributed between the TiC/TiC boundaries and the variations in the Mo content had a great influence on the rim growth. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of TiC–Ni–Co systems was found, compared with that of TiC–Ni systems. The refined microstructure and high fraction of rim phase in the TiC–Ni–Co systems are likely responsible for this difference.

Our objective was to explore the epidemiology of HIV and syphilis at population level in young Chinese adults. The study was carried out in six areas of three Chinese provinces: Zhejiang, Yunnan and Shaanxi. All couples attending the compulsory premarital examination were recruited. Routinely taken blood was collected onto filter paper. Tests for HIV and syphilis used modified particle agglutination techniques. In all, 17,226 individuals were tested. There were no HIV infections in Zhejiang or Shaanxi. In Yunnan, there were 28 positives: 0.75% (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 1.1), with 22 (78%) in men and 16 (57%) in known high-risk individuals. Syphilis prevalence ranged from 0.33% to 0.71% across study sites, with 58% in men. Although syphilis levels suggest that unsafe sexual activity is occurring in all areas, HIV is not yet affecting the general population of Zhejiang or Shaanxi. The epidemic in Yunnan is being driven by injecting drug users, but there may now be transmission in the general population.

The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the effects of ageing on glucose regulation in elderly Chinese men and women.A total of 4,566 older Chinese men and women (mean age: 70.4 ± 6.7 years) were enrolled in the study. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in all participants at baseline and in 3,174 individuals (69.5%) after 3 years of follow-up. Insulin resistance and beta cell function were estimated by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta function (HOMA%-b), respectively.At baseline, 1,143 had type 2 diabetes (T2D), 517 had prediabetes and 2,906 had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). After 3 years of follow-up, 769 (42.2%) of 1,821 individuals with NGT at baseline progressed to prediabetes and 153 (8.4%) progressed to T2D. Of individuals with prediabetes at baseline, 17.3% progressed to T2D. In individuals who maintained NGT during follow-up ageing was associated with increased insulin resistance (p ≤ 0.001) and a compensatory increase in beta function (p ≤ 0.001). Individuals with NGT or prediabetes who progressed to T2D during follow-up had a significantly increased insulin resistance and a decreased beta cell function (p0.01). In contrast, individuals who regressed from prediabetes to NGT increased both insulin resistance and beta cell function (p0.01).Ageing is associated with development of insulin resistance in an Elderly Chinese population. Therefore, maintenance of normal glucose regulation depends on the ability to compensatory increase of the beta cell function.

In order to determine the domains of Chaboche model of cement concrete fatigue damage under high stress ratios, first, the probability densities of general monotonic random variables including cement concrete fatigue life are deduced. And then, the probability density of Chaboche fatigue damage model is deduced. By virtue of laboratory fatigue test results, the fatigue damage probability density functions of Chaboche model can be obtained, considering different stress ratios. Substituting load cycles into the functions, the cement concrete fatigue reliabilities based on Chaboche model can be acquired through integral operation. Finally, on the basis of cement concrete fatigue reliability analysis, the critical values of load cycle of Chaboche model under different high stress ratios can be made certain and the model's domains corresponding to these stress ratios can be obtained. The obtained results also show that under the same stress ratio, with the increase in the load cycle, the fatigue reliability declines gradually from almost 100% to 0%. No matter under any stress ratio, in the initial stage of load action, there is always a relatively stable phase for fatigue reliability. With the increase in the stress ratio, the phase diminishes gradually and the load cycle corresponding to reliability of 0% also decreases. In descent phase of reliability, the higher stress ratio is, the lower cement concrete reliability is for the same load cycle.

Twenty-three patients with extensive small cell lung cancer (SCLC) received chemoradio-immunotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine in the period 1984–1987. Three patients have been disease-free for more than two years and have survived for 5+–7+ years, yielding a long-term survival rate of 13% (confidence interval 3–33%). Extensive stage SCLC is thus by no means incurable and the more than 2 year short-interval combination chemotherapy is apparently the key in raising the 5-year survival rate. Traditional Chinese medicine, immunotherapy and other adjuvant therapies might also play important parts in reducing the side effect of chemotherapy.