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Stanford分型中的A型主动脉夹层是一种心血管系统急危重症，若不及时诊治，死亡率极高。其中仅局限于主动脉根部的A型夹层极少报道，临床表现常不典型，极易误诊误治。该文报道1例表现为胸闷、呼吸困难及晕厥的中年男性患者，诊断为主动脉根部局限性夹层，同时累及主动脉瓣与双侧冠状动脉开口导致大面积心肌梗死与左心室双瓣膜急性反流，进而继发急性左心衰与心原性休克，病情凶险；但因夹层撕裂范围局限，患者缺乏主动脉夹层相关典型症状与体征，床旁超声未见夹层征象，易误诊、漏诊。最终成功行急诊外科手术，随访状态良好。该病例诊治过程可为特殊类型主动脉夹层的诊断提供参考，减少误诊及漏诊。.

By means of the mixed-ligand strategy, a new Ni(II)-bearing coordination complex [Ni(pda)(bimb)(H2O)](H2O)1.5(1, bimb = 6,6′-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2,2′-bipyridine, H2pda = 4,4′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)dibenzoic acid) is successfully obtained by the reaction of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, bimb, and H2pda under hydrothermal reaction conditions. Furthermore, the nanoparticles of 1 (nano-1) with a size distribution of around 160 nm can be produced via a grinding method. In the section of biological research, we describe the anti-inflammatory activity of nano-1 on the acute viral myocarditis model. In the CVB3-induced acute viral myocarditis model, the treatment effect of nano-1 is evaluated by determining the mice survival rate and the CVB3 titer. The anti-inflammatory activity of nano-1 is determined by the ELISA assay of TNF-α and IL-1β levels in plasma.

In this study, a new Co(II)-containing coordination polymer with the chemical formula [Co(ox)(dimb)] (1, ox = oxalic acid, dimb = 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane) is successfully prepared by the reaction of Co(NO3)2·6H2O, oxalic acid, and 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane in a mixed solvent of DMF and water under the solvothermal conditions. As-prepared crystalline complex 1 is characterized by the elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the mechanical grinding method is used to produce nanostructured 1 with the average size distribution of around 326 nm. To detect the in vivo protective effect of nano 1 on CVB3-induced myocarditis, the histopathology evaluation is performed. To reveal the underlying relationship between the cell inflammatory response and the mechanism of the compound protective activity, the level of IL-1 and TNF-α in the myocardial tissue is measured by ELISA.

By means of the mixed-ligand strategy, a new Ni(II)-bearing coordination complex [Ni(pda)(bimb)(H2O)](H2O)1.5 (1, bimb = 6,6'-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2,2'-bipyridine, H2pda = 4,4'-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)dibenzoic acid) is successfully obtained by the reaction of Ni(NO3)2×6H2O, bimb, and H2pda under hydrothermal reaction conditions. Furthermore, the nanoparticles of 1 (nano 1) with a size distribution of around 160 nm can be produced via a grinding method. In the section of biological research, we describe the anti-inflammatory activity of nano 1 on the acute viral myocarditis model. In the CVB3-induced acute viral myocarditis model, the treatment effect of nano 1 is evaluated by determining the mice survival rate and the CVB3 titer. The anti-inflammatory activity of nano 1 is determined by the ELISA assay of TNF-a and IL-1b levels in plasma.

In this study, a new Co(II)-containing coordination polymer with the chemical formula [Co(ox)(dimb)] (1, ox = oxalic acid, dimb = 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane) is successfully prepared by the reaction of Co(NO3)2·6H2O, oxalic acid, and 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane in a mixed solvent of DMF and water under the solvothermal conditions. As-prepared crystalline complex 1 is characterized by the elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the mechanical grinding method is used to produce nanostructured 1 with the average size distribution of around 326 nm. To detect the in vivo protective effect of nano 1 on CVB3-induced myocarditis, the histopathology evaluation is performed. To reveal the underlying relationship between the cell inflammatory response and the mechanism of the compound protective activity, the level of IL-1 and TNF-α in the myocardial tissue is measured by ELISA.

贲门失弛缓症（achalasia of cardia，AC）是一种食管动力障碍性疾病，其特点是食管体平滑肌无效蠕动和下食管括约肌（lower esophageal sphincter，LES）松弛障碍。患者常表现为吞咽困难、反流和胸痛，或伴有体重减轻。临床上出现上述典型表现的患者可疑诊为AC，再通过客观诊断试验，如食管钡剂造影、内镜检查和压力测定等进行确诊。高分辨率测压（high resolution manometry，HRM）被认为是当前诊断AC的“金标准”。本病治疗方法主要有口服药物治疗、内镜下肉毒杆菌毒素注射（endoscopic botulinum toxin injection，EBTI）、气囊扩张术（pneumatic dilatation，PD）、腹腔镜Heller肌切开术（laparoscopic heller myotomy，LHM）和经口内镜下肌切开术（per-oral endoscopic myotomy，POEM）等，目前主要的治疗方法是POEM。本文对近年来AC诊断及治疗方法的相关进展进行介绍。.

A questionnaire was used to investigate the emergency training needs of novel coronavirus pneumonia of disease prevention and control institutions in provinces, deputy provincial level regions and cities specifically designated in the state plan, and the effect evaluation of emergency training activities conducted by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). The results showed that 67.4% of 47 disease prevention and control institutions (31/46) believed that the emergency training at the initial stage of the epidemic should be conducted as soon as possible, and the form of network training should be given priority. The training should focus on the urgently needed technologies such as epidemiological investigation, formulation and response of prevention and control strategies, laboratory testing, etc. The teaching materials should highlight pertinence and practicability and be presented in the form of electronic video. The average satisfaction score of the video training conducted by China CDC was (8.81±1.125) and the score of audio-video courseware was (8.97±0.893). The needs analysis and evaluation of novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control in disease prevention and control institutions could provide reference for the follow-up training and improve the emergency training management.采用问卷调查省级、副省级及计划单列市疾病预防控制机构对新型冠状病毒肺炎的应急培训需求，以及对中国疾病预防控制中心所开展的应急培训活动的效果评价情况，结果显示47家疾病预防控制机构中，有67.4%（31/46）的被调查单位认为疫情初期的应急培训应尽早尽快，优先采用网络培训形式，重点针对基层人员培训流行病学调查、防控策略制定与应对、实验室检测等亟需技术，教材应突出针对性和实用性并以电子视频形式呈现；被调查单位对中国疾病预防控制中心开展的视频培训的满意度评分为（8.81±1.125）分、音视频课件的评分为（8.97±0.893）分。开展疾病预防控制机构新冠肺炎疫情防控应急培训需求分析与效果评价，可为后续开展大培训提供参考，为完善应急培训管理提供借鉴。.

Based on the data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 840 girls aged 6-15 years who had information about menarche and participated in dietary survey at least once within 1-5 years before onset of menarche between 1989 and 2015 were included in the study. The median age at baseline of the 840 participants was 10 (9, 11) years. The median age at menarche of the participants was 13 (12, 14) years. After adjusting for the age of birth, place of residence, body mass index Z-score, physical activity level and annual household income per capita, the average age of menarche was advanced by 0.036 (95%利用中国居民健康与营养调查（CHNS）数据，选取1989—2015年间具有初潮信息且在初潮发生前1~5年内至少参与了一次膳食调查的840名6~15岁女童作为研究对象。840名研究对象的年龄

Ecological sustainability research from the perspective of entropy has received extensive attention in recent years. Spatial entropy ( Hs ) is a new form of spatial heterogeneity analysis tool that applies entropy to distinguish and characterize different landscape patterns. In order to further explore the heterogeneity expression and ecological implication of Hs in the analysis of watershed ecosystem, this research takes Yanhe watershed as the study area. Based on the land use data of years 2000, 2010, and 2020, Hs in combination with 10 landscape metrics was applied for the study of landscape pattern and ecological sustainability. The results showed that: 1) Hs is correlated with landscape richness, aggregation and shape complexity, and it reflects the comprehensive heterogeneity information with high sensitivity to landscape variations, and also describes ecosystem stability with negative correlation; 2) The value of Hs showed a gradual increase from upstream to downstream in Yanhe watershed, and it dropped as a whole during the 20 years; 3) The stability of this basin from 2010 to 2020 had a greater variation range compared with the previous ten years, and the regions with large variation were mainly distributed in the midstream and downstream areas.

Airflow disorder in inlet shafts and related crossheadings, caused by local natural ventilation pressure, is a complicated thermodynamic phenomenon. The conception of local natural ventilation pressure is proposed based on a simplified ventilation system. Airflow disorder principle is analyzed theoretically and verified by similar simulation experiment and in-situ study. Research results show that local natural ventilation pressure will form when average temperature difference or density difference of air-column exists among inlet shafts in an underground mine with exhaust ventilation. When changing in a large range, local natural ventilation pressure will cause airflow disorder in inlet shafts or related crossheadings. The research results have guiding significance for promoting the stability of ventilation system and improving the working environment of underground mines.

The uncertainty present in many structural systems is commonly modeled using probabilistic, fuzzy, or interval approaches depending on the nature of uncertainty present. The probabilistic approach ...

Objective This study was designed to investigate the action and mechanism of cordyceps polysaccharide on rat acute liver failure (ALF). Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal group, model group, and cordyceps polysaccharide groups with high, middle and low doses (20, 10 and 5 mg/ml). Apoptosis was detected through TUNEL method. Protein expressions of caspase 1, IL-18, IL-10, VEGF, and SDF-1α in liver tissue are detected by Western Blot. PCNA and sIRPα1 contents were measured by PCR method. Rat ALF is modeled with a D-galactosamine induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results The results after modelling showed tissue HE staining wiith typical manifestation of acute liver injury. Compared with the medicated group, serum ALT and AST, as well as hepatocyte apoptosis are significantly higher in the liver failure group, in a time-dependent way. This suggests that medication can effectively inhibit the expression of caspase 1, IL-18, and IL-10, while simultaneously increasing the expression of VEGF and SDF-1α, as well as of PCNA and sIRPα1. Cordyceps polysaccharide can alleviate the immune inflammatory response in acute liver failure, and may be specifically homing to the damaged liver, thus promoting the secretion of VEGF, proliferation of hepatocyte, regeneration of liver vessels, and repair of liver tissues. Conclusion Medication can reduce the IL-10 level, regulate the equilibrium of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, and decrease the level of caspase 1 and IL-18 (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 18).

Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) is characterized by broodiness, and egg-laying traits in this species should be of primary concern. As a member of the IGF superfamily of proteins, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an important positive regulator of growth and gonad development in vertebrates. To explore the effect of IGF-1 on the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factors (GH/IGF) axis, we cloned and characterized IGF-1 of Muscovy duck. The expression level of IGF-1 was widely expressed in all the tested tissues, and the highest level was detected in the liver. In laying ducks, IGF-1 expression levels in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary were very significantly higher (P

Interface and size effects on electric/magnetic orders and magnetoelectric coupling are vital in the modern application of quantum-size functional devices based on multiferroic tunnel junctions. In order to give a comprehensive study of the interface and size effects, the properties of a typical asymmetric multiferroic tunnel junction, i.e., Fe/BaTiO3/Co, have been calculated using the first-principles simulations. Most importantly, all of the eight possible structures with four combinations of electrode/ferroelectric interfaces (i.e., Fe/BaO, Fe/TiO2, Co/BaO and Co/TiO2) and a series of barrier thicknesses have been taken into account. In this work, the equilibrium configurations, polarization, charge density, spin density and magnetic moments, etc., have been completely simulated and comprehensively analyzed. It is found that the ferroelectric stability is determined as a competition outcome of the strength of short-range chemical bondings and long-range depolarization/built-in fields. M/BaO (M = magnetic metal) terminations show an extraordinary enhancement of local polarization near the interface and increase the critical thickness of ferroelectricity. The bistability of polarization is well kept at the M/TiO2 interface. At the same time, the induced magnetic moment on atoms at the interfaces is rather localized and dominated by the local interfacial configuration. Reversing electric polarization can switch the induced magnetic moments, wherein atoms in M-O-Ti and M-Ti-O chains show preference for being magnetized. In addition, the difference between the sum of the interfacial magnetic moments is also enlarged with the increase of the barrier thickness. Our study provides a comprehensive and detailed reference to the manipulation and utilization of the interface, size and magnetoelectric effects in asymmetric multiferroic tunnel junctions.

The relationship between adiponectin (APN) pathway and Wnt pathway was explored through BMSCs, and the effect of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and its mechanism were further studied.3-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were selected, and mesenchymal stem cells were separately cultured and purified. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to analyze cell proliferation. After osteogenic and adipogenic induction, cultures were conducted, respectively, cells were stained with alizarin red and oil red O. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of osteogenesis-related genes, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osteocalcin (OC) and those of adipogenesis-related genes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (c/EBPα). Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of β-catenin in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The lentiviral expression vector of adiponectin receptors (APN-R) was constructed, and the expression of APN receptor genes was silenced. The expressions of β-catenin in APN receptors and the nucleus within cells were detected.LLLI promoted the bone formation by inducing the differentiation direction of mesenchymal stem cells, increasing the number of osteoblasts in the bone marrow and inhibiting the reduction of the number of adipocytes. LLLI regulates the Wnt pathway, promotes the entry of β-catenin into the nucleus, activates the osteogenic effect of the Wnt pathway so as to promote the bone formation of osteoblasts and inhibit bone resorption of osteoclasts. LLLI promotes the entry of β-catenin into the nucleus and the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the APN pathway.In summary, LLLI can promote osteogenesis and inhibit adipocytes formation, thus attenuating bone resorption of osteoclasts. The mechanism of LLLI is that it promotes the entry of β-catenin into the nucleus and regulates the Wnt pathway and the differentiation direction of mesenchymal stem cells through the APN signal pathway, thus promoting bone formation.

Four 28-d experiments were conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) valine (Val) to lysine (Lys) ratio required for 26- to 46- (Exp. 1), 49- to 70- (Exp. 2), 71- to 92- (Exp. 3), and 94- to 119-kg (Exp. 4) pigs fed low CP diets supplemented with crystalline AA. The first 3 experiments utilized 150 pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Large White), while Exp. 4 utilized 90 finishing pigs. Pigs in all 4 experiments were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 diets with 6 pens per treatment (3 pens of barrows and 3 pens of gilts) and 5 pigs per pen for the first 3 experiments and 3 pigs per pen for Exp. 4. Diets for all experiments were formulated to contain SID Val to Lys ratios of 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.70, or 0.75. In Exp. 1 (26 to 46 kg), ADG increased (linear, = 0.039; quadratic, = 0.042) with an increasing dietary Val:Lys ratio. The SID Val:Lys ratio to maximize ADG was 0.62 using a linear broken-line model and 0.71 using a quadratic model. In Exp. 2 (49 to 70 kg), ADG increased (linear, = 0.021; quadratic, = 0.042) as the SID Val:Lys ratio increased. G:F improved (linear, = 0.039) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) decreased (linear, = 0.021; quadratic, = 0.024) with an increased SID Val:Lys ratio. The SID Val:Lys ratios to maximize ADG as well as to minimize SUN levels were 0.67 and 0.65, respectively, using a linear broken-line model and 0.72 and 0.71, respectively, using a quadratic model. In Exp. 3 (71 to 92 kg), ADG increased (linear, = 0.007; quadratic, = 0.022) and SUN decreased (linear, = 0.011; quadratic, = 0.034) as the dietary SID Val:Lys ratio increased. The SID Val:Lys ratios to maximize ADG as well as to minimize SUN levels were 0.67 and 0.67, respectively, using a linear broken-line model and 0.72 and 0.74, respectively, using a quadratic model. In Exp. 4 (94 to 119 kg), ADG increased (linear, = 0.041) and G:F was improved (linear, = 0.004; quadratic, = 0.005) as the dietary SID Val:Lys ratio increased. The SID Val:Lys ratio to maximize G:F was 0.68 using a linear broken-line model and 0.72 using a quadratic model. Carcass traits and muscle quality were not influenced by SID Val:Lys ratio. In conclusion, the dietary SID Val:Lys ratios required for 26- to 46-, 49- to 70-, 71- to 92-, and 94- to 119-kg pigs were estimated to be 0.62, 0.66, 0.67, and 0.68, respectively, using a linear broken-line model and 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, and 0.72, respectively, using a quadratic model.

Guangzhou, one of China's megacities, is beset with frequent occurrence of high-concentration ozone events. In this study, online instruments were used to simultaneously monitor ozone, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at GPACS (the Guangzhou Panyu Atmospheric Composition Station) of the China Meteorological Administration, from June 2011 to May 2012, in order to determine their characteristics, the effect of VOCs on ozone photochemical production and the relationship between VOC / NOx ratio and ozone formation. The results showed that during the observation period, the seasonal variation of ozone concentration was lower in spring and winter compared to summer and autumn, which is opposite that for VOCs and NOx. In terms of VOCs, aromatics had the largest ozone formation potential, among which toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene were the most important species, with a total contribution of about 44%. As the VOC / NOx ratios were very high during high-concentration ozone events that occur all year round, we speculate ozone production was likely to be NOx-limited regime (12:00–16:00 LT) in Guangzhou. Further investigation based on numerical models is needed in the future to obtain more detailed and robust conclusions.

The α-FeOOH nanorods with superb adsorption properties have been synthesised by a facile and scaled-up method. In this approach, KOH solution concentration plays a crucial role in controlling the morphology of α-FeOOH nanaocrystals. It has been demonstrated that the synthesised α-FeOOH nanorods are about 10 nm in diameter and 100 nm in length. The α-FeOOH nanorods have a high specific surface area (333 m2 g− 1), and exhibited super adsorption properties, with maximum adsorption capacity of 104.2 mg g− 1 for Congo red (CR). The as-prepared nanorods show a larger specific surface area than the nanoparticles do, which enhance their adsorption capacity and increase their potential for application in wastewater treatment. The adsorption process of CR on α-FeOOH nanorods was systematically investigated, which was found to obey the pseudo-second-order rate equation and Langmuir adsorption model.

To recover alumina and silica from alumina rich fly ash, a predesilication process has been developed to extract glassy amorphous silica from the fly ash. The predesilication apparent reaction kinetics in 15 wt-% NaOH solution were studied. The results showed that the predesilication process followed a shrinking unreacted core model of decreasing particle size. The apparent reaction rate of the predesilication process was predominantly controlled by internal diffusion, then by chemical reaction and last by fluid film diffusion. The apparent reaction activation energy for the process was found to be 14·2 kJ mol−1 and the pre-exponential factor was 0·024. Using the leaching process, about 57·56% of glassy amorphous silica was removed from alumina rich fly ash, the silica content being reduced from 40·20 to 26·96% in the resulting dried desilicated fly ash. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the separation of alumina and silica and the design of a predesilication reactor.

Accumulated evidence suggests that the growth hormone (GH) gene plays a physiological role in the control of reproductive function. Here, we examined the correlation between egg-laying traits and GH gene polymorphisms and expression patterns in the muscovy duck (Cairina moschata). PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism was used to identify polymorphisms in intron 3 of GH. One single nucleotide polymorphism (g.3270 A > G) was detected by sequencing, and the frequencies of the A and G alleles in the population were 0.65 and 0.35, respectively. A comparison test showed that the AA genotype group had more consecutive laying days and more eggs at 300 days than the GG genotype group (P 0.05). Such a significant correlation between GH polymorphisms and egg-laying performance suggested that GH could be a candidate locus affecting the laying trait in muscovy duck. Furthermore, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR demonstrated that GH is expressed in all selected tissues, but is highly expressed in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and heart. This unique expression pattern suggested that GH may exert its local physiological function through the autocrine or paracrine pathway during gonad development and growth in the muscovy duck. The data presented in this paper revealed GH polymorphisms and expression patterns in the muscovy duck and indicated a potential regulatory effect of GH on reproduction.

Recently, Lane departure warning system has attracted great attention as it contributes to vehicle active safety. In this paper, a vision-based lane departure warning system under high-speed driving is proposed. The system consists of two functional parts: lane markings detection and vehicle departure identification. The Hough Transform is applied to detect lane boundaries, which is a most effective detection method with high reliability. Based on the road line, a method using several Euclidean-distance-related parameters to calculate vehicle’s position and its deviating status is proposed, which addresses the problem of efficient detection of lane departure under high-speed driving condition. The algorithm is tested and verified in various real driving conditions and proved a reliable and steady performance.

To investigate the value of serum presepsin concentration measurement in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with pesticide poisoning patients.A total of 160 patients with pesticide poisoning were enrolled as study subjects and divided into moderate organophosphate pesticide poisoning group (40 patients) , severe organophosphate pesticide poisoning group (40 patients) , abamectin pesticide poisoning group (40 patients) , and paraquat poisoning group (40 patients). A total of 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled as the control group. All the patients with poisoning received conventional treatment of pesticide poisoning immediately after admission, and serum presepsin concentration was measured on days 1 (within 24 hours after poisoning) , 3, and 7 of admission, and biochemical and radiological parameters related to the patient's condition were also examined. The patients with a Presepsin concentration of800 pg/ml on day 1 of admission were randomly divided into conventional treatment group and ulinastatin treatment group, and the treatment outcome was compared between the two groups.Compared with the healthy control group, the groups with pesticide poisoning showed significant increases in serum Presepsin concentrations, with the highest degree of increase on day 1 (P0.05). The serum Presepsin concentration was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, interleukin-18, and white blood cell count, but negatively correlated with cholinesterase. In the conventional treatment group and ulinastatin treatment group, the overall response rate was 68% and 78.8%, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). In 40 patients with paraquat poisoning, 32 experienced an increase in serum presepsin concentration, and among these 32 patients, 27 (83%) experienced exudation on lung CT.Serum Presepsin concentration measurement can assist early diagnosis, evaluation of disease severity, and guidance for clinical medication in patients with pesticide poisoning, especially in those with severe pesticide poisoning and a tendency to multiple organ failure.

In order to understand the current management status on education/training and needs for training among new employees working at the provincial CDC in China during 2012-2014, so as to provide basis for setting up related programs at the CDC levels.Based on data gathered through questionnaire surveys run by CDCs from 32 provincial and 5 specifically-designated cities, microsoft excel was used to analyze the current status on management of education and training, for new employees.There were 156 management staff members working on education and training programs in 36 CDCs, with 70% of them having received intermediate or higher levels of education. Large differences were seen on equipment of training hardware in different regions. There were 1 214 teaching staff with 66 percent in the fields or related professional areas on public health, in 2014. 5084 new employees conducted pre/post training programs, from 2012 to 2014 with funding as 750 thousand RMB Yuan. 99.5% of the new employees expressed the needs for further training while. 74% of the new staff members expecting a 2-5 day training program to be implemented. 79% of the new staff members claimed that practice as the most appropriate method for training.Institutional programs set for education and training at the CDCs need to be clarified, with management team organized. It is important to provide more financial support on both hardware, software and human resources related to training programs which are set for new stuff members at all levels of CDCs.

The E2 genes of 73 classical swine fever virus (CSFV) originated from CSF suspected cases in different regions of China were genetically characterized and compared with reference CSF viruses. All Chinese viruses that characterized were segregated into two major groups and subdivided into four subgroups. Most of isolates (61.6%) belonged to group 2 and were further divided into three subgroups: subgroup 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3. Subgroup 2.1 was the largest subgroup which contained 46.6% of isolates, while subgroup 2.3 was the smallest subgroup which contained only one isolate (1.4%). The remaining 38.4% of isolates were classified into subgroup 1.1 within group 1. However, no group 3 and subgroups 1.2 and 1.3 viruses were found in this study. This study has provided epidemiological information useful for assessing the virus origin and establishing a national prevention and control strategy against the disease.

Three sets of primers to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) using multiplex RT-PCR were designed based on several reference nucleotide sequences, and their reaction conditions were determined. By testing ten-fold serial dilutions of FMDV, the sensitivity of multiplex RT-PCR is 100 times higher than conventional RT-PCR. Meanwhile, its specificity was confirmed compared with other related vesicular disease viruses. Furthermore, 30 field samples from different animals were tested, and the results supported the method's potential applications in routine veterinary quarantine and epidemic surveillance of FMDV.

The traditional current integral method for the state-of-charge (SOC) estimation has an unusable estimation accuracy because of the current measuring error. This paper proposed a closed-loop temperature compensation method to improve the SOC estimation accuracy of current integral method by eliminating temperature drift. Through circuit simulation result in Multisim, the stability of current measuring accuracy is improved by more than 10 times. In a designed 70 charge-discharge experimental circle, the SOC estimation error with temperature compensation had 30 times less than error in normal situation without compensation.

In this study, online monitoring instruments were used to monitor ozone, NOx and VOCs at the Guangzhou Panyu Atmospheric Composition Station (GPACS) of the China Meteorological Administration from June 2011 to May 2012, so as to obtain their characteristic seasonal and diurnal variations, as well as the impacts of NOx and VOCs on local ozone formation and Guangzhou ozone control strategies. The results show that during the observation period the seasonal variation of ozone concentration was lower in the spring and winter and higher in the summer and autumn, which is contrary that of NOx and VOCs. At around 09:00 LT in the summer, autumn and winter, both the ozone concentration and NO2/NO ratio begin to increase, and the NO2/NO ratio reached its maximum after a peak of ozone concentration, but this variation was not particularly evident in the spring. Aromatics and alkenes are the largest components for ozone formation potential, among which aromatic toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene are the most important components, with a total contribution of about 31.6% to ozone formation potential. Through the analysis on local ozone control by the VOC/NOX ratio, it was found that when the ozone concentration reached a peak in the summer and autumn in which high concentrations of ozone were prone to occur, ozone generation was NOx limited, thus NOx emissions must be controlled to regulate the occurrence of high-concentration ozone events. In the spring and winter, ozone generation was always VOCs controlled. Due to the relatively low ozone concentration, although NOx emissions could be controlled to increase ozone concentration, high-concentration ozone events would not occur. Therefore, for the control of ozone in Guangzhou, in addition to the control of VOCs emissions, more attention must be paid to reducing NOx emissions, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling high-concentration ozone.

Accumulated evidence suggests that the growth hormone (GH) gene plays a physiological role in the control of reproductive function. Here, we examined the correlation between egg-laying traits and GH gene polymorphisms and expression patterns in the muscovy duck (Cairina moschata). PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism was used to identify polymorphisms in intron 3 of GH. One single nucleotide polymorphism (g.3270 AG) was detected by sequencing, and the frequencies of the A and G alleles in the population were 0.65 and 0.35, respectively. A comparison test showed that the AA genotype group had more consecutive laying days and more eggs at 300 days than the GG genotype group (P0.05); however, there was no significant difference for the age at first laying (P0.05). Such a significant correlation between GH polymorphisms and egg-laying performance suggested that GH could be a candidate locus affecting the laying trait in muscovy duck. Furthermore, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR demonstrated that GH is expressed in all selected tissues, but is highly expressed in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and heart. This unique expression pattern suggested that GH may exert its local physiological function through the autocrine or paracrine pathway during gonad development and growth in the muscovy duck. The data presented in this paper revealed GH polymorphisms and expression patterns in the muscovy duck and indicated a potential regulatory effect of GH on reproduction.

Aims To investigate the effects of an egg yolk-derived immunoglobulin (IgY) specific to Prevotella intermedia in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results An IgY specific to P. intermedia was produced by immunizing hens with formaldehyde-inactivated P. intermedia and showed high titres when subjected to an ELISA. The obtained IgY inhibited the growth of P. intermedia in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations from 1 to 20 mg ml−1 in Center for Disease Control and Prevention liquid medium. Forty rats were challenged with P. intermedia on gingivae and then randomly divided into four groups, which were syringed respectively with phosphate-buffered saline, 1 mg ml−1 of tinidazole, 20 mg ml−1 of nonspecific IgY and 20 mg ml−1 of the IgY specific to P. intermedia at a dosage of 300 μl per day. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), counts of white blood cell (WBC) and histopathological slide of the gums were measured after treatment for 15 days. The gingivitis rats treated with the IgY specific to P. intermedia showed significantly decreased GI, PI, BOP and WBC (P

Excessive greater splanchnic nerve (GSN) activation contributes to the progression of gastric ischemia-reperfusion (GI-R) injury. This study was designed to investigate the protective mechanism of cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) stimulation against GI-R injury.The GI-R injury model was induced in rats by clamping the celiac artery for 30 min, and then reperfusion for 30 min, 1, 3, 6, or 24 h, respectively.Microinjection of L-Glu (3, 6, 12 μg) into the FN dose-dependently attenuated GI-R injury and GSN activity. In addition, there was an enhancement of gastric mucosal blood flow in GI-R rats. Pretreatment with the glutamic acid decarboxylase antagonist into the FN, the GABAA receptor antagonist into the lateral hypothalamic area or lesion of superior cerebellar peduncle all reversed the protective effects of the FN stimulation. Furthermore, the FN stimulation reduced the TUNEL-positive gastric mucosal cell and Bax-positive gastric mucosal cell in GI-R rats.These results indicate that the protective effects of the FN stimulation against GI-R injury may be mediated by attenuation of the excessive GSN activation, gastric mucosal cell apoptosis, and Bax expression in GI-R rats.

Prohibitin is an evolutionarily conserved gene that has antiproliferative activity, is ubiquitously expressed, and appears to be essential for cell survival. The gene codes for a 30 kD, post-synthetically modified protein located primarily in the mitochondria. It functionally inhibits cell cycle traverse and DNA synthesis, but its mechanism of action is presently unknown. Prohibitin is proposed to be a member of a new class of tumor suppressor genes whose inhibitory activity plays a role in the dominant senescent phenotype. Its involvement in senescence has been postulated from results obtained from such diverse systems as yeast and human diploid fibroblasts. Additional data show that prohibitin is involved in one of the limited number of pathways that results in the loss of the senescent phenotype and leads to cellular immortalization. Its involvement, however, occurs downstream in the pathway and is postulated to be part of the lost tumor suppressor activities associated with tumorigenicity.

Experiments were performed to determine whether prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved gene with antiproliferative activity, has a role in cellular immortalization. A cell proliferation assay was used to examine one human cell line from each of four established immortal complementation groups, termed A, B, C, and D, and a normal human diploid fibroblast line. Only normal and Group B cells were inhibited from traversing the cell cycle after introduction of wild-type prohibitin transcript. All of the immortalized cells expressed elevated levels of prohibitin mRNA and protein. Prohibitin gene structural characterization using Southern and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses distinguished two alleles. One is cleaved at a polymorphic intronic EcoRI site, exhibits an exon 6-associated SSCP, and is homozygous only in Group B cells. The other is not cleaved at the EcoRI site, has a different exon 6 SSCP pattern, and is homozygous in Groups A, C, and D. In contrast, normal cells are heterozygous for the alleles. These results suggest that prohibitin may play a role as a tumor suppressor in the immortalization of Group B cells.

Prohibitin is an evolutionarily conserved gene with homologues found in organisms ranging from yeast to man. In man the gene is located on chromosome 17 at q21. The deduced amino acid sequences of the protein products from mouse and rat are identical; and these differ from the human protein sequence by a single conserved amino acid. Prohibitin has antiproliferative activity and available data suggest a role in such diverse processes as normal cell cycle regulation, replicative senescence, cellular immortalization, and the development of sporadic breast tumors. Although its functional activity is presently unknown, the 30,000-Da protein has been located in the inner membrane of mitochondria, where it is postsynthetically modified, as well as on the plasma membrane of B cells, where it is associated with the IgM receptor. Prohibitin's evolutionary conservation and ubiquitous expression indicate that it is a fundamentally important gene; and current data suggest a functional role in such dissimilar processes as development, senescence, and tumor suppression.

In fuel cells, Pt is still the most commonly used catalyst for both anode oxidation and cathode oxygen reduction reactions. For the anode oxidation reaction, the poisoning intermediate species (e.g. CO) from incomplete oxidation of alcohols still poses a great challenge for Pt-based catalysts. At th...

The E2 genes of 73 classical swine fever virus (CSFV) originated from CSF suspected cases in different regions of China were genetically characterized and compared with reference CSF viruses. All Chinese viruses that characterized were segregated into two major groups and subdivided into four subgroups. Most of isolates (61.6%) belonged to group 2 and were further divided into three subgroups: subgroup 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3. Subgroup 2.1 was the largest subgroup which contained 46.6% of isolates, while subgroup 2.3 was the smallest subgroup which contained only one isolate (1.4%). The remaining 38.4% of isolates were classified into subgroup 1.1 within group 1. However, no group 3 and subgroups 1.2 and 1.3 viruses were found in this study. This study has provided epidemiological information useful for assessing the virus origin and establishing a national prevention and control strategy against the disease.

Prohibitin is an evolutionarily conserved gene postulated to possess tumor suppressor activity and to contribute to the limited lifespan of human diploid fibroblast-like cells. Prohibitin mRNA and protein expression and its ability to become post-translationally modified were determined in human diploid fibroblast-like cells of different in vitro ages. The expression of prohibitin mRNA and protein changes little with increasing in vitro age; however, its protein product is post-synthetically modified in younger but not older cells. These results suggest that prohibitin is similar to the retinoblastoma gene product whose anti-proliferative activity remains active in older cells because it is not post-synthetically modified.

Cross sections for the quasielastic channels have been measured at energies slightly above the Coulomb barrier using 58 Ni and 112,116 Sn projectiles on targets of 117,118 Sn and 161,162,163,164 Dy. The deexcitation γ-rays were detected in a 4π NaI array (the Spin Spectrometer of Oak Ridge National Laboratory) in kinematic coincidence with both target-like and projectile-like particles; thus providing a measure of the total energy and multiplicity of the entry state. The reaction channels were identified by characteristic γ-deexcitation transitions measured with Ge detectors substituted for array elements in the Spin Spectrometer. The angular distribution for inelastic scattering is well described by both semiclassical and quantal calculations. Two general features for few-neutron transfer channels are observed; (i) the dependence of the total cross section on the ground-state Q -value, (ii) the “coldness” of the reaction mechanism indicated by the measured entry states. For one-neutron transfer the distorted-wave Born approximation seems to give a correct overall qualitative description of the reaction mechanism for spherical nuclei, and reproduces the cross sections within a factor of two. The ground-to-ground two-neutron transfer probability for the reaction between Sn isotopes was deduced and found to be strongly enhanced ( F ≈ 760), which is consistent with the expectation of strong pairing correlations. Two-neutron transfer to the ground-state band in Dy was partially resolved from transfer to other intrinsic states by using the Spin Spectrometer. The oscillating radial dependence of the probability for populating the ground-state band was found to be related to the nuclear deformation. This leads to an explanation of the “slope anomaly” where the measured radial dependence of the total two-neutron transfer probability has too flat a slope compared to the prediction based on a simple binding energy argument. The probability for two-neutron transfer to the ground-state band is found to be similar to the probability for ground-to-ground transfer in the Sn+Sn system, suggesting a comparable strength for pairing correlations in the two systems.

Reversible phosphorylation is essential in regulating uterine contractions. Identification, characterization, and functional understanding of myometrium protein phosphatase(s) are lacking. Okadaic acid (OA), which inhibits protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and PP2A, has been shown to alter uterine contractions. Experiments were conducted to determine the 1) identity of the myometrial OA-sensitive PP, 2) influence of OA on spontaneous and oxytocin (OT)-stimulated myometrial contractions, and 3) expression of uterine PPs during sexual development. Western blot analysis indicated the presence of PP1(alpha) and PP2A in immature and mature mice. As determined by immunohistochemistry, gonadotropin-stimulated adult mouse uteri contain PP1(alpha) in longitudinal and circular myometrial layers and endometrial epithelium. Conversely, PP2A was localized to the endometrial stroma. Cumulative addition of OA (n = 9; 10, 100, 250, 500, 1000 nM) did not significantly alter spontaneous contractions of mouse uterine horns in comparison to vehicle-treated controls (n = 9). By the end of the test period OA- and vehicle-treated uteri displayed a comparable decline in uterine contractions to 79.2% and 63.7%, respectively, of basal contractile activity. Pretreatment of uterine tissue with OA (1 microM; n = 7) significantly reduced contractile response to increasing concentrations of OT (8, 16, 32, 64 nM) in comparison to vehicle pretreatment (dimethyl sulfoxide; n = 7). At the end of the OT-administration period, contractile activity was 160.4% and 67.3% of basal contractile activity for vehicle (no OA) and OA-pretreated groups, respectively. During the early prepubertal period PP1(alpha) was expressed in longitudinal myometrium and absent in circular myometrium; whereas, during the transition to sexual maturity PP1(alpha) was observed in both the longitudinal and circular myometrium. In summary, these studies have indicated 1) that PP1 is the primary myometrial OA-sensitive PP; 2) that inhibition of PP1 had no effect on spontaneous contractions, whereas it markedly inhibited OT-stimulated uterine contractions; and 3) that PP1 is differentially expressed in the circular and longitudinal myometrium in relation to sexual development.