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胃癌是消化系统常见的恶性肿瘤，恶性程度高，进展快、侵袭性强、易复发、预后差，其中侵袭和转移是其重要特征，也是导致患者死亡的最主要原因之一。胃癌的常见转移部位有肺、骨、肝、脑、卵巢等，但转移到小指者罕见。本文报道1例67岁男性患者，胃腺癌转移至右手小指，总结其临床病理学特征、组织形态和免疫表型、诊断与鉴别诊断，以提高对本病的认识。.

Oculoplastic and orbital surgery is concerned with the occurrence, manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the eyelid, orbit and lacrimal diseases, as well as the repair and reconstruction of the related deformities and defects. Since the beginning of the new century, the number of patients with eyelid and orbital diseases has increased continuously, and the team of specialists has expanded rapidly. The development of oculoplastic and orbital surgery in China has entered an all-round new stage, especially with the establishment of Chinese Society of Oculoplastic Surgery and Orbital Disease in 2013. Oculoplastic and orbital surgery in China has made outstanding achievements in strengthening the training of professional talents, promoting interdisciplinary and international exchanges, improving the academic level of basic research, and emphasizing on the research of translational medicine. The technique of ocular plastic surgery has been progressing continuously. Cosmetic surgery of the eye has gained widespread popularity and standardization. Orbital surgery has recorded an innovative, interdisciplinary and rapid growth. International exchanges have helped to expand the international influence and competitiveness. This article is written to celebrate the 70th anniversary of眼整形眼眶外科是研究眼睑、眼眶、泪道和眼部毗邻结构疾病的发生、表现、诊断、治疗和预防以及对其外形、畸形和缺损进行修复和重建的一门亚专业学科。进入21世纪以来，我国眼睑病眼眶病患者数量逐年上升，专业医师队伍快速扩大，尤其2013年成立中华医学会眼科学分会眼整形眼眶病学组以来，我国眼整形眼眶外科进入新的发展阶段，在加强专业人才培养、提倡学科交叉和国际学术交流、提高基础研究水平、重视转化医学研究等方面取得突出成绩，其中眼整形手术技术不断进步，眼美容手术得到普及和规范，眼眶外科在学科交叉与创新中快速发展，并在国内外学术交流中充分展示了我国的研究成果和诊疗水平。谨以此文祝贺《中华眼科杂志》创刊70周年。

Ocular tumors include intraocular tumors and tumors of the eyelid, orbit, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus. After seventy years of continued growth, ocular oncology in China, from small to large and from weak to strong, has made great achievements. Especially since the beginning of the new century, there has been all-round and rapid development. The mechanism of ocular tumorigenesis has been elucidated based on the biobank and animal models. New therapeutic techniques and treatment modalities have been established based on multi-center cohort studies. The team competence and the discipline level have been improved based on academic organization constructions and international exchanges. Looking into the future, ocular oncology in China will move on in gene detection and early diagnosis, basic research and drug targeting, interdisciplinary, intelligent diagnosis and treatment, clinical research and translational medicine, with the support of national strategies and scientific and technological innovation, to further improve the survival rate, the ocular salvage rate and the quality of life for patients with ocular tumors. This article is written to congratulate the眼肿瘤包括眼内、眼眶、结膜、眼睑和泪器肿瘤，是一类可致死、致盲、致残的重要眼科疾病。70载栉风沐雨，我国眼肿瘤专业历经从无到有、从小到大的发展过程，取得累累硕果。尤其进入21世纪以来，我国眼肿瘤专业的发展进入快行道，基于生物样本库和动物模型阐明眼肿瘤发生机制；基于多中心队列研究和治疗新技术创建诊疗新模式；基于学术组织建设和国际交流，提高团队的学术能力和学科发展水平。展望未来，我国眼肿瘤专业将依托国家战略和科技创新，在基因检测和早期诊断、基础研究和靶向药物、学科交叉和智能诊疗、临床研究和转化医学等方面砥砺前行，进一步提高眼肿瘤患者的生存率、保眼率和生活质量。谨以此文祝贺《中华眼科杂志》创刊70周年。

Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology, this paper proposes a new pore structure parameter called ‘effective mobile fluid saturation’, which can account for two factors that influence mo...

Medical artificial intelligence (AI) promotes technological revolution and industrial transformation in the medical field, and the medical level of orbital disease will also be improved with the in-depth development of AI diagnosis and treatment. The problems should be solved in the orbital disease AI research at the initial stage include: the complex knowledge system of orbital disease requires cross-disciplinary knowledge to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment; the early diagnosis and treatment of orbital disease is absent, and effective technical methods are needed to crack the screening dilemma; the operation of the disease is difficult, and special mechanical devices are needed to break through the boundaries of surgical technique; the medical team of orbital disease is scarce, and it is necessary to share the medical resources effectively. In order to solve the problems mentioned above, the following research directions of orbital disease AI diagnosis and treatment should be included: the orbital disease AI diagnosis system, the orbital disease AI screening platform, the orbital surgery robot and the orbital disease telemedicine. Through the development of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment, the in-depth exploration of interdisciplinary basic research, the extensive implementation of clinical research, and the extensive integration of industry and academic communication, the AI diagnosis and treatment of orbital disease is approaching a new era. (医学人工智能（AI）可有力推动医疗领域的技术革命和产业变革，眼眶病医疗水平也将随着AI诊疗工作的深入开展而得到提高。眼眶病AI诊疗研究和开发尚处于起步阶段。本文通过分析眼眶病AI诊疗工作目前面临的主要问题，指出眼眶病AI研发的重点环节，并提出通过常态化开展多学科联合诊疗、深入探索跨学科基础研究、广泛实施规范性临床研究和深度融合产学研用行业，促进眼眶病AI诊疗工作发展。

In order to make the shock train leading edge detection method more possible for operational application, a new detection method based on differential pressure signals is introduced in this paper. Firstly, three previous detection methods, including the pressure ratio method, the pressure increase method, and the standard deviation method, have been examined whether they are also applicable for shock train moving at different speeds. Accordingly, three experimental cases of back-pressure changing at different rates were conducted in this paper. The results show that the pressure ratio and the pressure increase method both have acceptable detection accuracy for shock train moving rapidly and slowly, and the standard deviation method is not applicable for rapid shock train movement due to its running time window. Considering the operational application, the differential pressure method is raised and tested in this paper. This detection method has sufficient temporal resolution for rapidly and slowly shock train moving, and can make a real-time detection. In the end, the improvements brought by the differential pressure method have been discussed.

To evaluate the differences of plaquecomposition and volume between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with carotid artery stenosis by multi-detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA).The consecutive patients with internal carotid artery stenosis≥70% diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were retrospectively analyzed from July 2011 to December 2015 in Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine. The symptomatic patients were defined as those who experienced nondisabling ischemic stroke or transient cerebralis chemic symptoms, including hemispheric events oramaurosis fugaxin the last 6 months. Otherwise, the patients were considered as a symptomatic. A total of 78 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, there were 35 asymptomatic patients (44.9%) and 43 symptomatic patients (55.1%). All the patients received MDCTA before DSA. According to the plaque analysis of post processing work station, carotid plaques were divided into lipid-rich necrotic coreplaques (HU≤60), fibrous plaques (60 to 130 HU) and calcified plaques (HU≥130) through the different value sthreshold of HU. The plaque volume and proportion were all calculated. The differences between the two groups were compared by statistical methods.The proportion of calcified plaques in asymptomatic patients was significantly higher than in symptomatic patients (t=2.760, P=0.007).And the proportion of LRNC plaqueswas lower than that in symptomatic patients (Z=2.009, P=0.044). There was statistical significance between the asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Multivariate analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the proportion of calcified plaques and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (OR=0.949; 95%CI: 0.915 to 0.985; P=0.005). The proportion of LRNC plaques showed a negative correlation with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (OR=1.068; 95%CI: 1.021 to 1.117; P=0.004). For the symptomatic patients, when the LRNC plaque proportion was greater than 30.3%, the specificity was 94.3%, and the sensitivity was 37.2%. There was no significant difference in plaque volume and fibrous plaque proportion in both groups.Compared with symptomatic carotid plaques, the proportion of asymptomatic calcified plaques increased but the proportion of LRNC plaques decreased. Plaque LRNC 30.3% of the total volume may represent a clinically useful cutoff. For the patients with carotid artery stenosis, MDCTA may help noninvasively risk-stratify patients.

Orbital venous malformation (OVM) ranks as the most common form of vascular lesions in the orbit. OVM may cause functional impairment as well as disfigured appearance in orbital and periorbital regions. A variety of treatment methods has been used to deal with OVM, including sclerotherapy, laser therapy, embolization, surgical resection. The treatment scenario should be made based on hemodynamics, location and extent of lesions in order to achieve encouraging results. With increased understanding on hemodynamics of OVM and application of newly proposed techniques, a combined modality of multiple approaches with defined order has been advocated to be applied in the treatment of OVM. In this paper, the latest advancement in treatment of OVM is reviewed.眼眶静脉畸形是眼眶最常见的血管畸形，可导致视功能或外观损伤，治疗棘手。眼眶静脉畸形的治疗方法包括硬化治疗、激光治疗、栓塞治疗、手术治疗等，需要根据病变的血流特点、部位、范围等选择合适的方法，方能取得较好的治疗效果。随着对病变血流动力学认识的不断深入以及新技术的广泛应用，临床眼眶静脉畸形治疗已逐渐形成多方法按次序有机联合使用的综合序列治疗模式。本文针对眼眶静脉畸形的治疗最新研究进展进行总结和分析，以期为临床工作提供参考。

Hemorrhagic shock is a common vital condition in obstetrics, and major treatment consists of bleeding control and liquid resuscitation. MicroRNA (miR) has been found to regulate multiple diseases. However, its expression profile in hemorrhagic shock or effects on the ischemia-reperfusion injury in pregnant mice has not been reported yet.This study generated rat hemorrhagic shock pregnant model, on which real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure miR-34a expressions. MiR-34a inhibitor was applied to specifically suppress miR-34a expression. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured by using the commercial kit. Ischemia-reperfusion injury on rat kidney, lung, liver and intestine tissues was evaluated by using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.In a hemorrhagic shock pregnant rat model, miR-34a expression level was significantly elevated compared to the Normal group (p0.05). Application of miR-34a inhibitor effectively suppressed the miR-34a expression in rat kidney, lung, liver and intestine tissues (p0.05 compared to normal group). Model rats also had significantly elevated serum MDA and significantly lower SOD levels compared to Normal group (p0.05). miR-34a inhibitor reversed this abnorma lity to certain extents (p0.05 compared to model group). HE results showed ischemia-reperfusion damage in rat kidney, lung, liver and intestine tissues. miR-34a inhibitor improved such injury.Suppression of miR-34a could alleviate multi-organ damage after re-perfusion of hemorrhagic shock pregnant rats, probably due to the suppression of oxidative stress. Suppression of miR-34a might work as the treatment target treating multi-organ damage caused by hemorrhagic shock.

Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood. It may seriously affect vision, and even threaten the life. The early diagnosis rate of RB in China remains low, and the majority of patients are at late phase with high rates of enucleation and mortality. The International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification and TNM staging system are guidances for therapeutic choices and bases for prognosis evaluation. Based on the sequential multi-method treatment modality, chemotherapy combined with local therapy is the mainstream in dealing with RB, which may maximize the results of eye saving and even vision retaining. New therapeutic techniques including supra-selective ophthalmic artery interventional chemotherapy and intravitreal chemotherapy can further improve the efficacy of treatment, especially the eye salvage rate. The overall level of RB treatment should be improved by promoting the international staging, new therapeutic techniques, and the sequential multiple modality treatment.视网膜母细胞瘤（RB）是最常见的儿童眼内恶性肿瘤，严重威胁患儿的视力和生命。我国RB的早期诊断率低、中晚期患者多，眼球摘除率和死亡率居高不下。眼内期RB国际分类是目前指导临床制定RB治疗方案、评价预后的主要依据。不断完善的T（tumor）N（node）M（metastasis）分期有望成为RB的国际通用分期。顺序应用化学治疗联合局部治疗和手术治疗等的综合序列治疗是目前RB治疗的主流方案，可最大限度治愈肿瘤，保留眼球，甚至保存视力。RB治疗的新技术，如动脉介入化学治疗、玻璃体腔注射化学治疗等，进一步提高了RB的治疗效果，尤其提高了眼球保存率。我国应大力推广普及RB国际分期、治疗新技术和综合序列治疗方案，以提高我国RB的总体治疗水平。（中华眼科杂志，

Lymphoma is one of the most common malignant tumor of the orbit in adults. Orbital lymphoma mainly consists of extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, infrequent NK/T cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma. Diagnosis on orbital lymphoma remains challenging in that it is difficult to distinguish it from benign lesions, especially for low degree lymphomas. Combined examinations of histological, cytological and molecular features are required to make final differentiation. There are many treatment options for diagnosis of orbital lymphoma, such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody targeted therapy, immunotherapy. The appropriate scenario of treatment on orbital lymphoma should be made based on the Ann Arbor or TNM staging system to determine the stage of orbital lymphoma at the moment for maximizing the results. The latest concepts on diagnosis and management of orbital lymphoma are reviewed in this paper.淋巴瘤是成人最常见的眼眶恶性肿瘤之一，主要包括黏膜相关性淋巴组织的结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤、滤泡性淋巴瘤、弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤及少见的NK/T细胞淋巴瘤和Burkitt淋巴瘤。眼眶淋巴瘤诊断困难，尤其低度恶性淋巴瘤，需结合组织学、细胞学和分子学检查结果，方能与良性病变进行鉴别诊断。眼眶淋巴瘤治疗方法包括手术、放射治疗、化学治疗、单克隆抗体治疗、免疫治疗等，临床上需根据Ann Arbor分期和T（tumor）N（node）M（metastasis）分期，明确眼眶淋巴瘤的所处阶段，才能选择合适的治疗方案，最大限度提高治疗的效果。本文对近年来眼眶淋巴瘤的诊疗进展进行总结，以期为临床工作提供参考。（中华眼科杂志，

The burst initiation time and emission rate of delayed neutrons for the Godiva I assembly in the presence of a weak neutron source, which is 5¢ above prompt criticality, were calculated using an analog Monte Carlo method. The initiation time of the simulation is consistent with the result of the experiment. The calculated emission rate of delayed neutrons is included, and an extended probability model of the initiation time is derived based on point kinetics, which well explains the experimental measurement.

Extensive tests and analysis have been implemented to enhance the overall performance of the three-dimensional hypersonic inlets with sidewall compression. The goal of this research is to improve the mass flowrate (MFR) at design point, while keeping good starting characteristics at low Mach number. A series of inlet models have been designed and tested at Mach 4 and 6 in a free-jet tunnel. The present study focuses on the influence of the cowl deflection angle and the position of the sidewall compression on the inlet overall performance. The results indicate that the cowl deflection angle had great influence on the inlet starting characteristics, and the sidewall compression allocation is a key point of elevating the MFR at design Mach number. Remarkably, enhancement of the overall performance of the three-dimensional hypersonic inlet has been achieved.

The multilayer relaxation at (100), (110), (111), (210), (211), (310), (311) and (331) surfaces of the fcc metals Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Al and Pb are calculated using the modified embedded atom method. The `anomalous' outward relaxation at Al (100), (111), Pt (111), and Cu (111) surfaces is described correctly. The relief of surface stress and tension on the relaxation is studied on (111), (100) and (110) surfaces. In general, the surface stress in the direction of the surface normal determines the relaxation direction except for the Al (110) surface. When the surface stress is negative, the surface relaxation is inward; otherwise, the relaxation is outward. An interesting result is that the surface tension does not always decrease after relaxation. The outward relaxation will induce the increase in surface tension while the inward relaxation induces the decrease in surface tension.

The behaviour of As-related defects in SI (semi-insulating) GaAs are studied from the viewpoint of the origination of As-related precipitates, generation and evolution of EL2 during postgrowth and the possible defect interactions involved EL2 variation under As overpressure annealing. The precipitates were identified as elemental As and As-rich GaAs polycrystalline grains and their features depend on the growth process. A defect interaction model has been proposed on the generation/annihilation of EL2 assigned as AsGa VAs VGa complex respect to non-stoichiometry such as Asi VGa and VAs.

Oscillatory potentials (OP) of the electroretinogram (ERG) of 20 subjects providing 30 normal eyes were recorded by means of Ganzfeld stimulation at 11 stimulus intensities. It was found that intensity-implicit time functions of the OP components are exponential, while the intensity-response curves are highly variable. The amplitudes of the four wavelets showed relatively large coefficients of variation and intersubject variation, while those of the implicit time are small. Thus it appears that measurement of oscillatory potential implicit time rather than amplitude may provide a more reliable index to access certain retinal condition.

A modified low pressure in-situ synthesis LEC method of growing undoped SI (semi-insulating) GaAs crystals has been established. The key points for controlling melt composition and As evaporation during synthesis and growth have been described. Using this novel approach, crystals are able to be grown from the nominal melt composition in the range of 0.491–0.499 As fraction with high reproducibility. Some characteristics of the undoped SI crystals grown by the present work including electrical properties, dislocation density, carbon and EL2 concentrations and thermal annealing effects have been studied.