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Compound 1-(3-amino-4-morpholino-1H-indazole-1-carbonyl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxamide (C22H23N5O3, Mr = 870.96) was synthesized by condensation of 1-(4-methoxyphenylcarbamoyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid with 4-morpholino-1H-indazol-3-amine, which was prepared from 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile by amination with morpholine and subsequent cyclization with hydrazine hydrate. The crystal structure was determined. The results of biological activity determination indicated that the compound exhibited significant inhibitory activity against some cancer cell lines.

MgZnO thin films (with Mg0.4Zn0.6O as the target) were fabricated on fused quartz substrates employing PLD method under different laser energy densities. Cubic structured MgZnO thin films were made at laser energy densities of 20 J cm−2 and 22 J cm−2, whilst the MgZnO thin films were deposited along both cubic and hexagonal structures under higher laser energy density condition. When a higher energy density laser was focused on the MgZnO target during the deposition process, the MgZnO thin film was found to be deposited with a more hexagonal structure and a higher Zn composition. There are two response peaks located in the solar-blind UV and visible-blind UV regions within the UV response spectrum of the mixed-phase MgZnO based detector deposited at laser energy over 24 J cm−2. When the deposition laser energy density increased from 24 to 30 J cm−2, the maximum UV responsivity of the mixed-phase MgZnO-based detector increased from 0.06 A W−1 to 1 A W−1 at 40 V bias voltage, and the visible-blind UV response peak of the mix-phase MgZnO based detector was also higher due to the MgZnO adopting a more hexagonal structure; furthermore, a higher internal gain is obtained, which can be attributed to a higher density of interfaces between the MgZnO grains of different structures in the mixed-phase MgZnO thin film. At 5 V bias voltage, the Ilight(230 nm)/Idark ratio of the UV detector based on mix-phase MgZnO deposited at 24 J cm−2 reached 500, and the Ilight(290 nm)/Idark ratio of the UV detector based on mix-phase MgZnO deposited at 26 J cm−2 reached 1100. Therefore, the UV-detector based on mixed-phase MgZnO thin films is sensitive to solar-blind and visible-blind UV light with strong background noise (on Earth) when the boundaries between (111) an (200) cubic MgZnO makes obvious function in decreasing the dark current of the detectors at lower bias voltage.

The electron beam welding of SiCp/101Al composites has been carried out. The influence of welding parameters on weldability and mechanical properties of the welded joints was discussed. The welding parameters were therefore optimised under the current experimental circumstance. Results show that only weak interfacial reaction between SiC particle and liquid aluminium occurred. Minute quantity brittle Al4C3 compounds and single phase Si were generated in the welded joint. The interfacial reaction between SiC particles and Al matrix could be greatly suppressed by adopting appropriate technique measures such as high welding speed and low heat input. The content of Al4C3 can be therefore greatly decreased in the welded joint. Moreover, modification welding and electron beam scanning could further improve the appearance of weld, and the welded joint with better quality could be obtained.

We report the structural and optical properties of InN films on Si(111) prepared by ion-beam-assisted filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements indicated that all the InN films were hexagonal crystalline InN. The InN films deposited at substrate temperature of 475 °C exhibited highly (0001) preferred orientation and texturing (cratered) surface morphology. The oxygen incorporated in the InN films was segregated in the form of amorphous indium oxide or oxynitride phases at the grain boundaries. Photoluminescence emission of ∼ 1.15 eV was observed at room temperature from the InN films.

We report the synthesis of aligned wurtzite InN nanofingers by the ion-beam assisted filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique. InN nanofingers exhibit a polycrystalline structure. Photoluminescence (PL) and field emission properties of the InN nanofingers were studied. The PL emission peak was centred at ~1.1 eV with a full width at half maximum of 105 meV. The field emission characteristic was observed from the InN nanofingers with turn-on field of 9.7 V µm−1 at a current density of 10 µA cm−2. The formation of InN nanofingers was attributed to the Volmer–Weber growth mode.

Aluminium nitride (AlN) films have been fabricated on Si(100) substrates by an ion-beam-assisted filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique at low temperature. The structural and mechanical properties of the AlN films have been investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, by means of an x-ray diffractometer, visible Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation. The AlN films exhibit a predominant a-axis orientation with hardness as high as 14.5 GPa, which may be suitable for surface acoustic wave devices.

We report on the successful fabrication of transparent and uniform aluminium nitride (AlN) III–V semiconductor films using an ion-beam assisted filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique at room temperature. A nitrogen-ion beam with energy varying from 200 to 650 eV has been employed to assist the deposition of AlN films. Effects of the nitrogen-ion-beam energy on optical and structural properties of AlN films have been investigated using an optical spectrophotometer, visible Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and nanomechanical test instruments. The optical and structural properties of the AlN films depend significantly on the nitrogen-ion-beam energy. The AlN films deposited under ion energies below 300 eV are all amorphous and enhanced polycrystalline AlN films are obtained for energies above 400 eV.

Premature bolting can occur occasionally during spring cultivation of heading Chinese cabbage in East Asia when the plants encounter low temperatures (vernalization), leading to economic loss. Breeding bolting-resistant cultivars is the best choice for solving this problem. We looked for QTLs responsible for varietal differences in the bolting trait in Brassica rapa under environmental conditions that promote vernalization. To achieve this goal, we constructed a linkage map with 107 simple sequence repeats and 54 insertion/deletion markers based on a segregating population of 186 F2 individuals. The resulting map consisted of 10 linkage groups and covered a total length of 947.1 cM, with an average genetic distance of 5.84 cM between adjacent markers. QTL analysis of the bolting trait was performed by two phenotypic evaluations (bolting index and flowering time) based on the scores in an F2 population in the spring of 2010, and scores in F2:3 families in autumn 2010 and spring 2011, respectively. Twenty-six QTLs that controlled bolting were detected, accounting for 2.6 to 31.2% of the phenotypic variance. The detected QTLs with large effects co-localized mainly on linkage groups A02, A06, and A07. These QTLs may provide useful information for marker-assisted selection in a breeding program for late bolting or bolting-resistant cultivars in B. rapa crops.

A fractal model is presented for simulating the formation of microcracks in the fracture process zone of concrete. The model is used to calculate the fractal dimension D of a network of microcracks. It is found that the branching angle of microcracks can greatly affect the value of D, and a lower value of D can be expected for high-strength concrete than for normal-strength concrete. In the light of fractal theory, a formula for calculating the total area of the fracture surface. including the area of microcracks, is proposed. The size effect of the fracture energy of cement-based materials is explained and the quantitative relationship between the fracture energy Gf, the surface energy of the concrete γs, the fractal dimension of the network of microcracks Dc, and the height of the ligament of the concrete specimen H is established as Gf = 2γsC″HDc−1 (where C″ is a constant). Using this formula. the fra ctal dimension Dc, of the network of microcracks in high-strength and normal-strength concrete was determined experimentally.

Background: In 1984, Yu Zhiheng proposed the “U-curve” regularity between urinary iodine (UI) and goiter prevalence (GP). However, along with the adjustment of salt iodine and iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), and surveys followed, some defects were found in the research. As a result, it is time to test and enrich the theory as a series of large sample survey data from China would be helpful. Aim: To test and enrich the theory of “U-curve” relationship between UI and GP. Subjects and methods: Based on the Chinese national IDD surveys (1999, 2002, 2005), the High Water Iodine survey of 2005, and the High Risk endemias survey of 2007, this article analyzed the relationship between UI and GP. The UI was grouped according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard, self-defined (5 μg/l), and Yu Zhiheng’s level, separately, the GP was calculated for population with different UI level, the tendency curve was drawn and the fitting curve model was estimated by SPSS®. Results: For the 2005 Chinese national survey and 2005 High Water Iodine survey, we finally got the fitting curves and corresponding UI reference limits. Conclusions: The UI and GP formed a “U curve” relationship. It varied with some reasons and fell into an accurate U shape step by step. For High Water Iodine endemias survey, the relationship changed to “power curve”. Regarding the WHO recommended GP

The undoped and transition metal (TM) -doped AIN (AIN:Cu and AIN:Fe) nanorods on silicon substrates were fabricated using a catalysis-free vapor phase method. All the nanorods exhibited high crystalline quality and preferred c-axis orientation. Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurement revealed that undoped AIN nanorods exhibited strong oxygen-related impurity emission at ~3.25 eV. However, AIN:Fe nanorods had two strong ultraviolet emissions at 3.69 and 6.02 eV which could be attributed to Fe 3+-related and band-edge emission, respectively. Both the Cu and Fe-doped AIN nanorods are ferromagnetic. The spontaneous saturated magnetization of the AIN:Cu and AIN:Fe nanorods were determined to be 0.38 and 3.5 emu/cm3 at room temperature, respectively. The Fe-doped AIN nanorods not only exhibited ferromagnetism but also significantly enhanced the band-edge emission as compared to the undoped AIN nanorods.

Fe-doped AlN (AlN:Fe) nanorods on silicon substrates were fabricated using a catalysis-free vapor phase method. The AlN:Fe nanorods exhibited high crystalline quality and preferred c-axis orientation. The spontaneous saturated magnetization of the AlN:Fe nanorods was determined to be ∼0.64μB∕Fe at room temperature. Room temperature photoluminescence measurement of the AlN:Fe nanorods revealed two strong ultraviolet emissions at 3.69 and 6.02eV which could be attributed to Fe3+-related and band edge emissions, respectively. The Fe-doped AlN nanorods not only exhibited ferromagnetism but also significantly enhanced the band edge emission as compared to the undoped AlN nanorods.

To study the effects of Tripterygium wilfordii (TII) and IL-10 on human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and CD80 expressions and IL-12 p40 subunit production and transcription of dendritic cells (DC) in human peripheral blood from healthy volunteers in vitro.DC were generated by culturing plastic-adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells with GM-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, and TNFalpha. The expressions of HLA-DR and CD80 were examined by flow cytometry after the cells were stained with immunofluorescence antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to detect IL-12 p40 protein level and mRNA transcription, respectively.TII 5 - 20 mg/L and IL-10 50 - 200 microg/L greatly down-regulated the membrane expressions of HLA-DR and CD80 on DC in a concentration-dependent manner. IL-12 p40 production and mRNA transcription were also inhibited in DC both by TII and by IL-10.TII and IL-10 exert immunosuppressive role via inhibiting membrane expressions of HLA-DR and CD80 and synthesis of IL-12 p40 subunit in DC.

To study the effects of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhM-CSF) expressed in silkworm on cytokine productions and membrane molecule expressions of monocytes.The rhM-CSF was added to the human peripheral blood monocyte cultures and 3 d later, the culture supernatants and cells were collected, respectively. TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-alpha levels in the supernatants were detected by biological activity test or ELISA and expressions of CD11b, CD16, HLA I, and HLA II on the cellular surface were examined by the method of alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase complex (APAAP).The rhM-CSF promoted TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 inductions of monocytes and increased the percentages of CD11b, CD16, HLA I, and HLA II molecule expression on monocytes.The rhM-CSF plays a role in monocyte function up-regulation and has a certain practical value in immunological therapy.

Fe-doped AlN nanorods were studied by means of x-ray absorption spectroscopy above the Fe K- and L2,3- edges. Theoretical simulations of the x-ray absorption spectra show that Fe atoms mainly substitute Al. A minor fraction of Fe interstitials or Fe-Al-N ternary alloy can be identified as well. Bader's AIM analysis predicts that neutral substitutional FeAl defect is in 2+ charge state, though Al in pure AlN is in 3+ charge state. Fe L2,3 absorption spectra and photoluminescence data indicate the coexistence of Fe2+/Fe3+ in AlN:Fe nanorods so different charge states of substitutional FeAl should co-exist.

We report the use of immunogold-silver staining (IGSS), dot-ELISA and dot-IGSS methods in the study of clonorchiasis in China. These methods were employed to detect the antibody in sera from 40 clonorchiasis patients. The positive rates were 100%, 90.0% and 95.0%, respectively. When the three methods were used to examine 40 normal sera, the negative rates were 100%, 97.5% and 97.5%, respectively. These results suggest that IGSS, dot-ELISA and dot-IGSS are highly specific and sensitive in detecting anti-Clonorchis antibody in patients.

Experiment on the effect of extracts from Phyllanthus urinaria on HBsAg production in PLC/PRF/5 human hepatoma cell line showed that the production was decreased markedly 48 hours after the treatment of cells with 2-4 mg/ml Phyllanthus urinaria, especially in combination with 10(-5) mol/L of Ara-A. The decrease of extracellular HB-sAg excretion seems to stem from the inhibition of intracellular HBsAg formation.

The stress states in AlN nanorods deposited on Si and its effect on optical properties have been investigated by means of Raman scattering and photoluminescence methods. The observed frequency downshift and linewidth broadening from temperature-dependent Raman scattering can be well described by an empirical relationship taking into account the contributions of the thermal expansion and decay of optical phonons. The phonon-energy difference of the E2(high) mode between the stress-free bulk-AlN and AlN nanorods appears to increase with increasing temperature, demonstrating that differential thermal expansion between the Si-substrate and AlN nanorods is the key parameter reflecting the stress in the nanorods.

AlN ferromagnetic nanorods with 5 at.% of copper were studied by using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAFS) above the Cu K- and L3- edges. Theoretical simulations of XAFS spectra clearly identify a formation of small copper clusters inside AlN lattice. Average size of clusters was estimated to be 50–70 atoms from the analysis of both XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy) and EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) regions of spectra. Calculations of magnetic moments for different types of point copper defects in AlN lattice were made.

Large-scale single-crystalline AlN nanotip arrays have been fabricated via a facile catalysis-free approach using AlCl3 powder and NH3 as starting materials. These nanotips exhibit an intense broad ultraviolet emission centered at 3.28 eV. The field emission features a notable electron current with a low turn-on field. The turn-on and threshold electric field are found to decrease substantially from 7.7 to 3.9 V/μm and 7.9 to 4.1 V/μm, respectively, while the estimated field enhancement factor increases from 483 to 1884 with increasing the ambient-temperature from room temperature to 573 K. The dependence of the photoluminescence and electron field emission with temperature and the possible mechanism involved has systematically been investigated and thus discussed.

In order to investigate the distribution and excretion of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin, radioactively labelled compound was studied in rats. The highest concentration of radioactivity in serum appeared 3 h after administration of 0.5 microCi/g bw. The half-lives of distribution and excretion were 0.51 h and 43.9 h, respectively. The radioactivity was concentrated mainly in liver, stomach, kidney, duodenum and lung and to a lesser extent in fat, muscle, testis, rectum and bone. By 48 h, 56.4% had been excreted in faeces and 20.1% in urine. Biliary excretion may be the major route of excretion of sterigmatocystin.

Copper-doped AlN (AlN:Cu) nanorods were grown on catalyst-free Si substrates by chemical vapour deposition. The AlN:Cu nanorods exhibited the wurtzite structure with a growth direction along the c-axis. Ferromagnetic ordering of the AlN:Cu nanorods was observed at room temperature by an alternating gradient magnetometer. The spontaneous magnetization and the coercivity of the AlN:Cu nanorods are about 0.38?emu?cm?3 and 100?Oe, respectively. The results reveal that Cu is a potential nonmagnetic dopant for AlN.

Copper-doped ZnO (ZnO:Cu) films were prepared on silicon substrates by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique at room temperature using a Zn target containing 5at.% of Cu. Room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in the ZnO:Cu films with saturation magnetization of 0.037μB∕Cu atom. The origin of the ferromagnetism in ZnO:Cu was mainly due to Cu ions substituted into the ZnO lattice. X-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that no ferromagnetic-related secondary phase could be detected in ZnO:Cu.

Intense blue-upconversion in Tm3+∕Yb3+-codoped gallate–bismuth–lead glasses has been achieved under an excitation from a commercially available 980nm laser diode. Energy transfer processes and excited-state absorption account for the population of the G41 emitting level of the Tm3+. Although the addition of GeO2 has enhanced the glass thermal stability, the phonon mode associated with vibration of GeO2 has almost no influence on the blue-upconversion intensity and the radiative lifetime of H43 level. The dependence of the phonon energy of the host on contributions from multiphonon decay on the fluorescence has been discussed. Significant enhancement of the blue-upconversion has also been observed in gallate–bismuth–lead glasses with the incorporation of PbF2 content.