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The tetanus has been eliminated in the pregnancy women and newborns in China. However, there is a gap for adult tetanus immunization, and the risk of tetanus infection cannot be ignored. In order to clearly understand the effect of the tetanus to human beings and the current use of tetanus immunological preparation for adult post-exposure prophylaxis, the incidence of the tetanus, the use status of tetanus immunological preparation and recommendations for post-exposure prophylaxis at home and abroad were reviewed and summarized, which may provide academic evidence for post-exposure prophylaxis procedures and use of tetanus immunological preparation.我国已经成功消除了孕妇及新生儿破伤风，但目前成人含破伤风成分疫苗接种覆盖率仍较低，发生破伤风感染的危险不容忽视。为了解破伤风对人类的威胁以及现阶段破伤风免疫制剂用于成人暴露后免疫的情况，本研究对国内外破伤风的发病情况、破伤风免疫制剂的接种现状和暴露后免疫建议等进行综述和梳理，从而为破伤风免疫制剂的暴露后免疫程序和使用规范提供科学支撑。.

Bulk Bi0.5Sr0.5Fe0.5Cr0.5O3 is a new compound comprising the R3c structure. The structural, magnetic, and exchange bias details are investigated. The material was in the paramagnetic state at room temperature. The field cooling HFC acts on the sample resulting in the exchange bias HEB. And the material is in a spontaneous polarization state, the exchange bias usually occurs at the boundary between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states. The result shows that changing HFC from 1T to 6T reduces the HEB value by 16% at 2 K. Meanwhile, HEB diminishes as the ferromagnetic layer thickens. The variation of tFM with the change of HFC leads to the tuning of HEB by HFC in bulk Bi0.5Sr0.5Fe0.5Cr0.5O3. These effects are obviously different from the phenomenon seen in other oxide types.

本文报告3例因牙内陷导致严重根尖周病变的上颌侧切牙，包括Oehlers Ⅲa型1例及Oehlers Ⅲb型2例。针对不同的牙内陷类型，分别采用显微根管治疗或根尖手术的方法，使用不同生物陶瓷材料与不同的充填方法进行根管充填。3例Oehlers Ⅲ型牙内陷合并根尖周病变治疗完成后的术后随访显示患牙根尖周病变愈合良好。.

急性心肌梗死合并消化道出血是临床中较常见的疾病组合，其诊疗决策制定的过程中，消化道内镜检查结果起着至关重要的作用。常规消化道内镜检查的置管侵入性使很多危重症患者，尤其是心血管病患者难以接受并耐受。磁控胶囊内镜是近年我国自主研发的可精准控制的、覆盖接近全消化道（除结肠外）黏膜的检测方法，患者接受度高，耐受性好。本文报道了在磁控胶囊内镜检查指导下，成功救治急性心肌梗死合并消化道出血的患者1例，以期为此类患者的诊疗提供一定的经验及依据。.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the morphology and biocompatibility of a native acellular porcine pericardium (APP) in vitro and to evaluate its barrier function and effects on osteogenesis when used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) in vivo. METHODS: First, the morphology of APP (BonanGen(Ⓡ)) was detected using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Next, for biocompatibility test, proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were determined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) after being seeded 1, 3 and 7 days. Meanwhile, the cells stained with phalloidine and 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to view the morphology of cell adhesion and pattern of cell proliferation on day 5. A 3-Beagle dog model with 18 teeth extraction sockets was used for the further research in vivo. These sites were randomly treated by 3 patterns below: filled with Bio-Oss(Ⓡ)and coverd by APP membrane (APP group), filled with Bio-Oss(Ⓡ)and covered by Bio-Gide(Ⓡ)membrane (BG group) and natural healing (blank group). Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) were performed after 4 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: A bilayer and three-dimensional porous ultrastructure was identified for APP through SEM. In vitro, APP facilitated proliferation and adhesion of hBMSCs, especially after 7 days (P < 0.05). In vivo, for the analysis of the whole socket healing, no distinct difference of new bone ratio was found between all the three groups after 4 weeks (P>0.05), however significantly more new bone regeneration was detected in APP group and BG group in comparison to blank group after 12 weeks (P < 0.05). The radio of bone formation below the membrane was significantly higher in APP group and BG group than blank group after 4 and 12 weeks (P < 0.05), however, the difference between APP group and BG group was merely significant in 12 weeks (P < 0.05). Besides, less resorption of buccal crest after 4 weeks and 12 weeks was observed in APP group of a significant difference compared in blank group (P < 0.05). The resorption in BG group was slightly lower than blank group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: APP showed considerable biocompatibility and three-dimentional structure. Performing well as a barrier membrane in the dog alveolar ridge preservation model, APP significantly promoted bone regeneration below it and reduced buccal crest resorption. On the basis of this study, APP is a potential osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterial.

Recently, many researches showed that oxidative stress is a potential cause of damage in plant cells during cryopreservation, and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) may be the leading reactive oxygen species (ROS) components. However, H(2)O(2) is not only being a toxic by product causing oxidative damage to membrane lipids, protein and DNA at high concentrations, but also involving in signal transduction pathways leading to activate the plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses at low concentrations. The effects of H(2)O(2) in cryopreservation were investigated in the present study by adding H(2)O(2) or CAT in each step of cryopreservation, detected the dynamic changes in antioxidant systems during cryopreservation of cockscomb seedlings. The results showed that: 1) the process of cryopreservation resulted in the rise of H(2)O(2), and it reached the peak after unloading; 2) addition of either low concentration of H(2)O(2) or CAT can improve the regeneration rate of cryopreserved cockscomb seedlings, while sthe addition stages were different. Adding 4 µmol L(-1)H(2)O(2) in loading stage got 73.33±3.52% regeneration rate, and adding 200 U mL(-1) CAT during the unloading process resulted in 76.67±4.17% regeneration rate; and 3) the addition of H(2)O(2) in loading phase increased the activity of CAT in the seedlings, resulting a sharp drop of H(2)O(2) content at PVS2 stage and the continuous decline of MDA content after freezing. Therefore, we conclude that adding low concentration of H(2)O(2) at early cryopreservation steps improves cockscomb seedlings' cryo-tolerance by enhancing the antioxidant capacity, which prevents ROS accumulation.

本文报道了1例原发于喉部后连合的良性成人型横纹肌瘤病例。患者女，60岁，因“声嘶8个月余”就诊。结合病史、门诊喉镜和CT检查，入院诊断为：喉肿物，考虑良性可能，建议手术治疗。入院后在全身麻醉支撑喉镜下行喉良性肿物切除术，术后病理结果提示：成人型横纹肌瘤。出院时患者声嘶较前明显好转，术后随访1年，未见肿瘤复发。该肿瘤在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科临床较为罕见，结合其生长位置的特殊性，具有一定的临床意义，现将该病例报道如下。.

The aim of the study was to summarize and update evidence on whether intra-operative ultrasonography (IOUS) guided breast conserving surgery (BCS) can be more effective than wire-guided or palpation-guided excision for both nonpalpable, as well as palpable breast cancers in achieving tumor free negative margins after lumpectomy for breast cancer.Comprehensive searches were done systematically through PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and Google scholar databases. Statistical analysis was done using STATA version 13.0. The primary outcome was proportion of patients that achieved tumor free resection margins after lumpectomy. Effect sizes were reported as pooled relative risks (RR). All estimates were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI).A total of 20 RCTs with 2519 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Use of intra-operative ultrasonography was associated with 1.18 times higher chances [RR 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10-1.27] of attaining a tumor free margin for all breast cancers, 1.16 times higher chances [RR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10-1.23] of attaining a tumor free margin for all palpable breast cancers and 1.20 times higher chances [RR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.05-1.38] of attaining a tumor free margin for all non-palpable breast, compared to wire guided or palpation guided localization. There was no evidence of publication bias.The findings support that intra-operative ultrasonography increases the chances of obtaining negative margins for tissue resected in breast conserving surgeries. The findings support the observations of previous reviews published in this aspect nearly half a decade back.

Osteosarcoma is the most prevailing malignant bone tumor among adolescents. Punicalagin, a polyphenolic compound extracted from pomegranate, possesses many functions such as anti-oxidation, anti-bacterial, anti-virus, and immunosuppression, which can counter the aggressiveness of a variety of cancers such cervical, ovarian and prostate. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of punicalagin on the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells and its potential regulatory mechanisms. Osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS cells, U2OS cells and MG63 cells) were treated with different doses of punicalagin, and the effects on osteosarcoma cell activity were examined in vitro using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation and apoptosis assays. The mobility, migration and invasion abilities of osteosarcoma cells were detected by wound healing and Transwell assays. NF-κB activity was explored by the NF-κB p65 luciferase reporter assay. Western blot was used to investigate the expressions of downstream proteins. We found that punicalagin inhibited the viability of osteosarcoma cells in vitro in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners and promoted apoptosis. In addition, punicalagin could significantly impede the mobility, migration and invasion abilities of osteosarcoma cells. In terms of mechanism, punicalagin down-regulated the expressions of p65, survivin, XIAP, CIAP2 and other proteins, and suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by repressing NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, it is concluded that punicalagin restrains the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma by obstructing the NF-κB signal transduction pathway.

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is one of the most important causes of chronic liver disease in the world. Among them, chronic hepatitis C with genotype 3 is closely related to the progression of liver disease, and its treatment is still challenging. With the passage of time, the proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 has been on the rise in China, which raises the difficulty of treatment. Therefore, we need to combine domestic and foreign research to explore a more suitable plan for Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 3.慢性丙型肝炎是全球慢性肝病的重要病因之一，其中基因3型的慢性丙型肝炎与肝脏疾病的进展关系密切，其治疗仍然具有挑战性。随着时间推移，我国的慢性丙型肝炎基因3型患者比例已呈上升趋势，加大了治疗难度。为此，需要结合国内外研究，探索出更适合我国慢性丙型肝炎基因3型患者的治疗方案。.

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-126 on the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma rats via the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-Notch signaling pathway.A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, including normal group (n=12), model group (n=12) and miR-126 antagomir group (n=12). Rats in normal group did not receive any treatment. In model group and miR-126 antagomir group, the rats were used to establish glaucoma models and intervened with normal saline and miR-126 antagomir, respectively. Intraocular pressure was detected at the completion of modeling and the last intervention, at 7 days after which samples were taken. Western blotting was adopted to detect the relative protein expressions of Notch1 and Notch2. The content of VEGF was examined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was carried out to detect the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of VEGF, Notch1 and Notch2. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect cell apoptosis.After modeling, intraocular pressure in model group and miR-126 antagomir group was significantly higher than that in normal group (p0.05). At the end of the intervention, intraocular pressure in miR-126 antagomir group was notably lower than that in model group (p0.05). VEGF content in model group and miR-126 antagomir group was notably higher than that in normal group (p0.05). However, it was markedly lower in miR-126 antagomir group than model group (p0.05). Model group exhibited remarkably higher protein expressions of Notch1 and Notch2 than normal group (p0.05). However, the protein expressions of Notch1 and Notch2 in miR-126 antagomir group were evidently reduced (p0.05). Besides, the mRNA expressions of VEGF, Notch1 and Notch2 in model group were significantly higher than those in normal group (p0.05). However, they were significantly lower in miR-126 antagomir group than those in model group (p0.05). Furthermore, the apoptosis rate in model group was distinctly higher than that in normal group (p0.05). However, it was notably lower in miR-126 antagomir group than model group (p0.05).MiR-126 facilitates the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma rats by promoting the VEGF-Notch signaling pathway.

To explore the anti-apoptotic effect of perindopril on myocardial cells in mice with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).A total of 48 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups before intervention, namely sham operation group (Sham group, n=12), AMI group (n=12), 1.5 mg/kg perindopril treatment group (Perindopril group, n=12), and 1.5 mg/kg perindopril treatment and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) knockout group (TLR4-/-Perindopril group, n=12). Mice in the control group and AMI group were gavaged with normal saline, and those in the Perindopril group and TLR4-/-Perindopril group were gavaged with perindopril for 7 d. On the 4th day after drug administration, mice in the AMI group, Perindopril group and TLR4-/-Perindopril group were subjected to the ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery to induce AMI, and those in the Sham group underwent the same operation, but had a loose knot at the anterior descending coronary artery. At 24 h after the above operation, color echocardiography was performed on mice to observe changes in cardiac function. Then, the mice were sacrificed. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP)-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was carried out to determine myocardial apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting technique were employed to detect the protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p50 in infarction zones. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p50 in infarction zones were measured via Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).Perindopril could significantly reduce the number of apoptotic myocardial cells after AMI. Mouse echocardiography showed that ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) of AMI mice in the Perindopril groups were markedly superior to those in the AMI group. AMI mice in the Perindopril group had decreased expression levels of Bax protein and TLR4 and NF-κB p50 mRNA and protein, as well as the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Knockout of TLR4 attenuated the effect of perindopril in alleviating myocardial apoptosis after AMI.Perindopril inhibits myocardial apoptosis in mice with AMI through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

生物可吸收支架被吸收后冠状动脉正常收缩性可恢复，有利于血管的正性重构，可在同一病变处多次介入干预，不会产生支架重叠带来的问题，可避免金属支架长期冠状动脉内存留影响冠状动脉血管旁路移植术的实施。该文报道左前降支近段重度狭窄患者置入生物可吸收支架术后3年影像学随访1例，显示了可吸收支架良好的安全性及可行性，有助于了解国产可吸收支架置入后支架降解吸收过程，为临床应用提供参考。.

Atractylodis macrocephalae is an important Chinese herbal medicine plant and its rhizome is of high medicinal value. In recent years, a severe decline in yield has been observed in Bozhou City (China's largest A. macrocephalae producing area), Anhui Province, China. A survey for plant-parasitic nematodes was conducted in this area from June to September 2011. Stunted plants displayed chlorotic or necrotic lower leaves near the ground part by the growth reduction; examination of the roots of stunted plants revealed the presence of galls typical of infestation by root knot nematode. Root nodules were found on the tap and lateral roots caused the fleshy tap root deformity. The incidence of diseased plants was estimated to be 45%, and yield loss was quantified as 43.5%. Nematodes were extracted from the root samples as previously described (4) and identified by morphology, enzyme analysis, and molecular characterization. Morphology of the female perineal patterns and measurements of the second-stage juveniles (J2s) matched those of the original description of Meloidogyne arenaria. Enzyme analysis of the esterase (Est) phenotype was also typical of the AII phenotype in M. arenaria (2). DNA was extracted according to a modified protocol (1), and the rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS1_5.8S_ITS2) region was amplified with universal primers V5367 (5′-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3′) and 26S (5′-TTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAAGG-3′). PCR yielded a fragment of 764 bp and the purified product was sequenced by Sanger's dideoxy chain termination method (ABI3730). Sequences were identical to that of M. arenaria in GenBank (Accession No. AF387092) (3). Amplification of the D2/D3 fragments of the 28S RNA with universal primers D2A (5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG-3′) and D3B (5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3′) yielded a PCR fragment of 758 bp. These sequences were also identical to that of M. arenaria in GenBank (Accession No. AF435803). For further confirmation, amplification of the IGS region with universal primers 5S (5′-TTAACTTGCCAGATCGGACG-3′) and 18S (5′-TCTAATGAGGGAACCAGCTACTA-3′) yielded a PCR fragment of 713 bp. These sequences were 99.64% homologous to that of M. arenaria (GenBank Accession No. MAU42342). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. arenaria species on A. macrocephalae in China. The fleshy tap root of A. macrocephalae is the main edible part of the plant, and the damage caused by root knot nematode will potentially reduce the yield and quality of this herb. References: (1) J. L. Cenis et al. Phytopathology 83:76, 1993. (2) P. R. Esbenshade and A. C. Triantaphyllou. J. Nematol. 17:6, 1985. (3) T. C. Vrain et al. Appl Nematol. 15:563, 1992. (4) L. F. Wang et al. Forest Res. 14:484, 2001.