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Diabetic foot is one of the serious complications of diabetic patients, which makes the society and public health bear a huge economic burden. In recent years, more and more studies at home and abroad have been conducted on the treatment of chronic wounds with autologous platelet-rich fibrin, and the therapeutic concepts and methods have been updated constantly. In this paper, we reviewed the general situation of autologous platelet-rich fibrin, the mechanism of autologous platelet-rich fibrin in promoting the healing of diabetic foot ulcers and the new progress in its application, so as to provide a new strategy for the repair of diabetic foot ulcers.糖尿病足是糖尿病患者严重的并发症之一，给社会和公共卫生系统造成巨大的经济负担。近年来，国内外关于自体富血小板纤维蛋白治疗慢性创面的研究越来越多，治疗理念和方法也不断更新。该文就自体富血小板纤维蛋白的概况、自体富血小板纤维蛋白促进糖尿病足溃疡愈合的机制及应用新进展等进行综述，为糖尿病足溃疡修复提供新策略。.

Background and aims Esophageal cancer risk prediction models allow for risk‐stratified endoscopic screening. We aimed to assess the quality of these models developed in the general population. Methods A systematic search of the PubMed and Embase databases from January 2000 through May 2021 was performed. Studies that developed or validated a model of esophageal cancer in the general population were included. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias (ROB) assessment by the Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) were performed independently by two reviewers. Results Of the 13 models included in the qualitative analysis, 8 were developed for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the other 5 were developed for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Only two models conducted external validation. In the ESCC models, cigarette smoking was included in each model, followed by age, sex, and alcohol consumption. For EAC models, cigarette smoking and body mass index were included in each model, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, uses of acid‐suppressant medicine, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug were exclusively included. The discriminative performance was reported in all studies, with C statistics ranging from 0.71 to 0.88, whereas only six models reported calibration. For ROB, all the models had a low risk in participant and outcome, but all models showed high risk in analysis, and 60% of models showed a high risk in predictors, which resulted in all models being classified as having overall high ROB. For model applicability, about 60% of these models had an overall low risk, with 30% of models of high risk and 10% of models of unclear risk, concerning the assessment of participants, predictors, and outcomes. Conclusions Most current risk prediction models of esophageal cancer have a high ROB. Prediction models need further improvement in their quality and applicability to benefit esophageal cancer screening., Risk prediction models of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) varied widely across populations, among which more ESCC models were developed in the Asian population, and more EAC models were developed in the Western population. The studies’ quality was not high, mainly due to limitations in the statistical analysis for risk of bias (ROB) and predictors’ availability for applicability.

胆汁酸在促进脂质、脂溶性维生素吸收和维持正常肠肝循环方面起重要作用。由胆固醇合成胆汁酸至少需要经过17种酶的催化反应，任何1种酶缺陷都会造成胆汁酸合成障碍，导致血浆和（或）尿液中疾病特异性胆汁酸中间产物的积累，引起脂溶性维生素吸收不良、胆汁淤积性肝病及神经系统病变等症状。通过串联质谱分析技术检测血浆、尿液中的胆汁酸谱是协助遗传性胆汁酸合成缺陷症诊断、判断疾病严重程度和预后的简便而有效的手段。.

To build a simple predictive model as a guide to stratify average‐risk population for colonoscopy examinations. We collected data from 92 923 males without a prior history of cancer enrolled in the Kailuan Cohort Study of China. Risk factors included in the evaluation of colorectal cancer (CRC) were collected by questionnaire‐based interviews at the baseline. Logistic regression coefficients for incident CRC predictors were converted into risk scores by the absolute value of the smallest coefficient in the model and rounding up to the nearest integer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation method was applied to evaluate model performance. In the 10‐year follow‐up, 353 CRC patients were in the cohort. Age, alcohol consumption, waist circumference, occupational sitting time, and history of diabetes were selected for the scoring system, and the adjusted area under the ROC was 0.66. Population in the highest risk group (16‐19 points) had a 33.12‐fold (95% CI: 13.44‐81.59) higher risk of CRC than those in the lowest risk group. When we defined 13 points as the cut‐off, the sensitivity and specificity of the scoring system for CRC were 67.99% and 62.42%, respectively. A simple scoring system for CRC has been developed to identify men at an increased relative risk of CRC within 10 years using several well‐established risk factors, which allows selection of asymptomatic candidates for priority of CRC screening and saving the health resource in cancer prevention and control., In a cohort study, the authors developed a simple scoring system for colorectal cancer that identifies men at a relatively increased risk of colorectal cancer within 10 years on the basis of several well‐established risk factors (age, alcohol consumption, waist circumference, occupational sitting time and history of diabetes). Those in the highest risk group (16‐19 points) had a 33.12‐fold higher risk of colorectal cancer than subjects in the lowest risk group.

To explore the molecular mechanism of circRNA CRIM1 in the regulation of bladder cancer by targeting the miR182/Foxo3a axis.50 pairs of cancer tissues and para-cancerous tissues of patients with bladder cancer were collected. RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of CRIM1 and miR-182. The association between circRNA CRIM1 and clinical data was analyzed. qPCR was used to measure the expression of circRNA CRIM1 and miR-182 in bladder cancer cell UMUC3 and endothelial cell line HUVEC. CRIM1 genes and miR-182 in UMUC3 cell lines were overexpressed and silenced, respectively, to investigate their effects on invasion and migration of bladder cancer, and to detect the changes of miR182/Foxo3a expression. The association between circRNA CRIM1 and miR182/Foxo3a was determined by bioinformatics analysis.The results showed that there was a significant association between the expression of circRNA CRIM1 and distal migration. The expression of CRIM1 in adjacent tissues was significantly down-regulated and negatively correlated with distal migration. The overexpression of circRNA CRIM1 reduced migration and invasion processes in bladder cancer cells. After circRNA CRIM1 was overexpressed, the miR-182 was significantly down-regulated. The expression levels of Foxo3a mRNA and proteins were up-regulated after miR-182 silencing of bladder cancer cell line UMUC3. miR-182 silencing inhibited invasion and migration of cancer cells to some extent. In bladder cancer cells and tissues, CRIM1 and Foxo3a were significantly down-regulated, miR-182 was significantly up-regulated.circRNA CRIM1 regulated the migration and invasion of bladder cancer by targeting the miR182/Foxo3a axis.

对血流动力学状态暂时平稳或处于休克恢复阶段的重症患者，维护循环稳定和器官功能时需要及时发现血流动力学异常，避免随意化、无目标的监测治疗。我们提出重症血流动力学监测治疗方案——大循环微循环结合（CHOLKIT）方案，包括中心静脉压、心率、中心静脉血氧饱和度、乳酸、血钾、灌注指数和足趾温度七项指标，并对每一项指标设立明确的目标值。在此基础上，建立了CHOLKIT评分量表。CHOLKIT方案既包含大循环指标，亦包含微循环指标，既有灌注指标，亦有代谢指标，期望通过多位点、多角度的监测，更全面地反映血流动力学状态及机体氧供需是否平衡。在CHOLKIT方案的基础上，再行个体化、器官化监测，有助于临床血流动力学监测治疗的规范化。.

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men worldwide. An increasing trend for prostate cancer incidence was observed in China. Enormous studies have been conducted to investigate the association between dietary factors and prostate cancer, however conflicted results were obtained. Red meat, processed meat, and dairy products consumption were reported to be associated with the increased prostate cancer risk, while tomatoes, soybeans and green tea might reduce the risk of prostate cancer occurance. However, no consensus could be reached without strong evidence. Furthermore, further studies are needed to investigate the association between vitamin and mineral supplements and prostate cancer risk. Some studies reported that men with higher dietary inflammatory index scores increased prostate cancer risk. There may be a long susceptible period when dietary factors affect prostate cancer risk, which poses challenges for collecting exposure and the follow-up. Measure bias and detection bias are the main reasons which impair the authenticity of studies on the relationship of dietary factors and prostate cancer risk. Researchers should apply various methods to measure participants' dietary consumption levels and ascertain essential outcomes, such as prostate cancer death. This article reviews updated epidemiological evidences on the association of dietary factors and prostate cancer, aims to benefit future nutritional epidemiology studies focus on the prostate cancer prevention.前列腺癌居全球男性常见恶性肿瘤第2位，中国前列腺癌发病率呈上升趋势。膳食因素与前列腺癌的关系研究结果争议较多。红肉、加工肉类和乳制品的摄入可能是前列腺癌的危险因素，番茄、大豆和绿茶可能是前列腺癌的保护因素，但均缺乏高质量证据。维生素和矿物质补充剂的摄入可能影响前列腺癌的发病风险，但相关结论并不统一。高膳食炎症指数饮食可能会增加前列腺癌发病风险。膳食暴露至前列腺癌发病有较长时间，这对暴露因素的收集与队列研究的随访提出了较高的要求。暴露测量偏倚和检出偏倚是影响前列腺癌膳食因素研究真实性的主要因素，研究者应注意采用多种方法测量研究对象的膳食摄入水平，同时收集前列腺癌死亡等重要结局变量。文章总结了膳食因素和前列腺癌关系的现有流行病学证据，旨在为后续的前列腺癌相关营养流行病学研究提供参考。.

To investigate the expressions of miR-151a-5p and miR-23b in lung cancer tissues and their effects on the biological functions of lung cancer A549 cells.Samples of lung cancer tissue (55 cases) and pericarcinomatous tissue (55 cases) were collected in thoracic surgery in our hospital from May 2017 to November 2018. The expression levels of miR-151a-5p and miR-23b in lung cancer tissues and pericarcinomatous tissues were detected by RT-PCR. Lung cancer cells A549 were transfected. Before transfection, the cells were divided into a negative control group (NC group, transfected with miRNA NC), a group transfected with miR-151a-5p inhibitor and a group transfected with miR-23b inhibitor. MTS Cell Proliferation Colorimetric Assay Kit (CCK8) was used to detect cell proliferation and draw the growth curve. Transwell chamber was used to detect the invasion ability in vitro, and BD flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis in each group.The expression levels of miR-151a-5p and miR-23b in lung cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in pericarcinomatous tissues (p0.001). After 48 h to 72 h, the cell growth of both the miR-151a-5p inhibitor group and the miR-23b inhibitor group was significantly lower than that of the NC group (p0.001). The numbers of invasion of miR-151a-5p inhibitor group and miR-23b inhibitor group were significantly lower than that of NC group (p0.00). The apoptosis rates of miR-151a-5p inhibitor group and miR-23b inhibitor group were significantly higher than that of NC group (p0.001).Both miR-151a-5p and miR-23b are highly expressed in lung cancer, and the inhibition of miR-151a-5p and miR-23b can restrain the proliferation, invasion and migration of lung cancer A549 cells, thereby promoting the apoptosis of lung cancer A549 cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most ordinary cancers worldwide. Recently, researches have suggested the important role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the progression of tumorigenesis. This study aims to identify how lncRNA OR3A4 functions in the development of CRC.OR3A4 expressions in 54 paired CRC tissues and CRC cell lines were detected by Real Time-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Moreover, the in vitro functions of OR3A4 in CRC cells were identified by performing proliferation assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. Besides, the underlying mechanism of OR3A4 in CRC development was explored through Western blot and RT-qPCR.OR3A4 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues than adjacent normal ones. Cell proliferation, migration, and CRC were inhibited after OR3A4 was knocked down in vitro, which were promoted after upregulation of OR3A4. Moreover, OR3A4 could activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thus influencing phenotypes of CRC cells.OR3A4 enhances CRC cell proliferation and migration by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective To explore a kind of visual evoked potential test equipment and method that is more suitable for the application of forensic clinical visual acuity evaluation. Methods Thirty-four volunteers （68 eyes） were selected, including 15 males and 19 females, aged between 20 and 40 years. Test lenses were placed before the tested eyes of volunteers to induce refractive myopia with insert method, and the diopter lenses were adjusted so that the visual acuity level of one eye of volunteers was above 0.8, and the visual acuity of the other eye was at moderate damage level （0.3 and ≥0.1）. The tests were carried out under the binocular simultaneous asynchronous stimulation mode （hereinafter referred to as "binocular mode"） and monocular separate stimulation mode （hereinafter referred to as "monocular mode"） of virtual reality-pattern visual evoked potential （VR-PVEP）, and the amplitude of PVEP of volunteers under the two modes was compared at four spatial frequencies of 8×8, 16×16, 24×24 and 32×32. Results The differences in the amplitude of P100 wave between monocular and binocular modes at 8×8 spatial frequency had no statistical significance and the differences in amplitude of P100 wave between monocular and binocular modes at 16×16, 24×24, and 32×32 spatial frequencies had statistical significance （虚拟现实技术图像视诱发电位在法医学视力评定中的应用.目的 探索一种更切合法医临床视力评定应用需求的视诱发电位检查设备和方法。 方法 选取志愿受试者34例（68眼），其中男性15例，女性19例，年龄为20~40岁。采用插片法在受试者被检眼前放置试验透镜以诱导屈光性近视，调节受试眼屈光镜片度数，使受试者一眼视力水平在0.8以上，另一眼视力达中度损害水平（0.1≤视力0.3），在虚拟现实技术图像视诱发电位（virtual reality-pattern visual evoked potential，VR-PVEP）的双眼同时不同步刺激模式（以下简称“双眼模式”）与单眼分别刺激模式（以下简称“单眼模式”）下进行检测，并在8×8、16×16、24×24、32×32 4种空间频率下对两种模式受试者PVEP的振幅进行比较。 结果 8×8空间频率下单眼模式与双眼模式P100波的振幅差异无统计学意义，16×16、24×24、32×32空间频率下单眼模式与双眼模式P100波的振幅差异均具有统计学意义（法医学；虚拟现实；图像视诱发电位；视力；受试者.

SUMMARYA liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for determination of clothianidin in brown rice, straw, rice hull, paddy water and paddy sediment was developed and residue levels were determined in the different components. The limit of quantification was set at 0·01 mg/kg for the matrices studied. Clothianidin degradation in straw, paddy water and soil was studied, and clothianidin residues in brown rice, straw, hull and paddy soil were determined. Concurrent recoveries were between 85·6 and 92·5%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 1·3 to 6·8% at three fortification levels between 0·01 and 5·0 mg/kg. The half-lives in straw, paddy water and paddy sediment were found to be 1·9–4·9, 4·1–5·0 and 4·9–6·3 days, respectively. The maximum residues in brown rice, straw, hull and paddy soil samples were 0·38, 1·88, 1·38 and 0·14 mg/kg, respectively.

To explore whether long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TATDN1 can promote the proliferation and cell cycle progression of breast cancer cells by adsorbing microRNA-140-3p, thus participating in the development of breast cancer (BCa).Expressions of TATDN1 and microRNA-140-3p in BCa tissues and paracancerous tissues were determined by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Meanwhile, TATDN1 expression in BCa cell lines was detected as well. Regulatory effects of TATDN1 and microRNA-140-3p on proliferation and cell cycle progression of BCa cells were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry, respectively. The binding relationship of microRNA-140-3p to NOVA1 and TATDN1 was examined by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Finally, rescue experiments were conducted to explore whether TATDN1 can regulate NOVA1 expression by adsorbing microRNA-140-3p to exert its biological function in BCa.TATDN1 was highly expressed in BCa tissues and cell lines. Upregulation of TATDN1 promoted the proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that TATDN1 could bind to microRNA-140-3p, which was lowly expressed in BCa. Overexpression of microRNA-140-3p inhibited the proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, microRNA-140-3p partially inhibited the role of TATDN1 in regulating cellular behaviors of BCa cells. NOVA1 was predicted to be the target gene of microRNA-140-3p. Overexpression of NOVA1 partially abolished the inhibitory effects of microRNA-140-3p on proliferation and cell cycle progression of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells.TATDN1 promotes the proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of BCa cells through adsorbing microRNA-140-3p to upregulate NOVA1 expression.

To explore the role of heat shock protein 20 (HSP20)-mediated cardiomyocyte exosomes in the cardiac function in mice with myocardial infarction via the activation of the protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway.A total of 30 mice were enrolled to establish the model of myocardial infarction. Next, these mice were divided into three groups, namely Blank group (healthy mice), Model group (mouse models of myocardial infarction), and HSP20 group (mouse models of myocardial infarction transfected with lentivirus to overexpress HSP20). After that, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining assay was performed to detect myocardial apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in myocardial tissues was determined via dihydroethidium (DHE) staining assay. Western blotting was employed to analyze the expression level of Akt. The expression levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in HSP20-mediated cardiomyocyte exosomes were measured through quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Compared with that in Blank group, the number of cardiomyocyte exosomes was increased in Model group and HSP20 group under anoxic conditions (p0.05). The results of quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) proved that the HSP20 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in mediated cardiomyocyte exosomes was significantly lower in Model group than that in Blank group (p0.05), while in HSP20 group, it was overtly higher than that in Model group but clearly lowered compared with that in Blank group (p0.05). The protein expression of Akt in cardiomyocyte exosomes was evidently decreased in Model group compared with that in Blank group (p0.05), while it was notably increased in HSP20 group compared with that in Model group (p0.05). In comparison with Blank group, Model group had significantly elevated mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in HSP20 group were remarkably lower than those in Model group (p0.05). The results of TUNEL assay revealed that the overexpression of HSP20 affected myocardial apoptosis. The myocardial apoptosis index in Model group [(38.42±2.52) %] was higher than that in Blank group [(9.74±1.21) %], HSP20 group had a significantly decreased myocardial apoptosis index [(22.36±2.13) %] in comparison with Model group (p0.05). In accordance with DHE staining comparison, the accumulation of ROS in myocardial tissues in Model group was significantly higher than that in Blank group (p0.05) and HSP20 group (p0.05).We demonstrated that HSP20-mediated cardiomyocyte exosomes activate the AKT signaling pathway, repress TNF-α and IL-1β factors, and alleviate myocardial infarction.

Objective To research the correlation between the visual acuity ratio and pattern reversal visual evoked potential （PRVEP） P100 waveform amplitude ratio of both eyes. Methods Forty-seven volunteers were selected, and the visual chart visual acuity of both eyes was measured. The visual acuity ratio of the eye with poor vision to the eye with better vision was calculated by five grade notation method. The amplitudes of P100 waveforms of both eyes were recorded respectively by using black-and-white checkerboard PRVEP and chosing 1°, 15' stimulating visual angle, and the ratio of amplitudes between the two eyes was also calculated. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between the visual acuity ratio and the ratio of P100 waveform amplitudes between the two eyes. Return test and linear regression analysis with the binocular ratio of P100 waveform amplitudes as the independent variable （应用PRVEP波形振幅比值评估视力及其法医学意义.目的 研究双眼视力比值与其图像翻转视诱发电位（pattern reversal visual evoked potential，PRVEP） P100波形振幅比值之间的相关性。 方法 选取志愿者47名，测量双眼的视力表视力，采用5分记录法计算视力较差眼与较好眼视力的比值。采用黑白棋盘格PRVEP，选择1°、15′刺激视角，分别记录双眼P100波形的振幅，并计算双眼振幅的比值。采用SPSS 20.0软件分析双眼视力比值与双眼P100波形振幅比值之间的相关性，以双眼P100波形振幅比值为自变量（法医学；视力；图像翻转视诱发电位；P100；振幅.

We aimed at exploring the positive feedback loop in eutopic and ectopic endometrial glandular epithelial cells (EuECs and EECs) in endometriosis.Normal epithelial cells (NECs), EuECs and EECs were treated with fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2, FGF2 neutralizing antibody, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) inhibitors U0126 and PD98059. FGF2 protein level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of FGF2, FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2/pERK1/2 and Sproutys (SPRYs) (Sprouty1, Sprouty2, Sprouty4) and dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) were detected by Western blot. The mRNA levels of FGF2, FGFR1 (FGF receptor 1), SPRYs (Sprouty1, Sprouty2, Sprouty4) and DUSP6 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.Among treatment groups, the content of FGF2 in EuECs and EECs was significantly higher than that in NECs (p0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of FGF2, FGFR1, SPRYs (Sprouty1, Sprouty2, Sprouty4) and DUSP6 in EuECs and EECs were increased after adding FGF2 (p0.05), but decreased after adding FGF2 neutralizing antibody, no significant change was found in NECs (p0.05). The inhibitory effect of PD9805 on NECs was not significantly different from that of U0126 (p0.05); however, the inhibitory effects of PD9805 on EuECs and EECs were significantly lower than those of U0126 (p0.05).The positive feedback loop existed in EuECs and EECs, but maybe not in NECs. The results may provide the guideline to treat endometriosis patients.

The carbon sequestration rate (CSR) in deltaic wetlands is associated with the nutrient balance, sediment (soil) accretion rate (SAR) and geological and climatic conditions. To explore the relationships between these factors, micronutrients; C, N, and P concentrations; and ages determined using either paleosols or radiometric dating with Pb-210 were analysed from a total of 14 cores from the Yellow River delta (YRD) and Liaohe delta (LHD) wetlands, collected in 2007 and 2012 respectively. With the exception of Ca, concentrations of N, organic C, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Mg, K, Al and H+ were significantly higher in the wetland soils of the LHD, but organic CSR was virtually identical at the two sites, similar to 140gCm(-2)year(-1) at sites above mean sea level (MSL). SAR and organic CSR at LHD sites below MSL were similar to 2.8 times the corresponding rates at sites above MSL. SAR and total CSR were much higher in the YRD than LHD because of the much greater accumulation rate of CaCO3 in the YRD. Organic CSRs were primarily controlled by SAR in both deltaic wetland systems. However, organic CSRs were much more sensitive to changes in SARs in LHD wetlands than YRD wetlands.

Rates of accumulation of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) as well as soil accretion rates were determined in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) and Liaohe Delta (LHD) in northeastern China. Rates of carbon accumulation were dominated by PIC accumulation in the YRD and by POC accumulation in the LHD. Rates of POC accumulation at sites above mean sea level were similar in the two deltas, 141 ± 17 g C m−2 y−1, but were much higher, 381 ± 10 g C m−2 y−1, at sites in the LHD below mean sea level. High rates of PIC accumulation in the YRD, 916 ± 133 g C m−2 y−1, reflect the very high concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Yellow River, which in turn reflects the erosion of carbonate-rich glacial dust and evaporates minerals in the Loess Plateau, the excess of evaporation over precipitation in the watershed, and the fact that much of the flow in the river is diverted to irrigate crops. In both river deltas, accumulation of PIC was positively correlated with accumulation of POC, although the sources of the PIC are allochthonous and the sources of the POC are primarily autochthonous. Rates of POC accumulation were closely correlated with the species of wetland plants in the deltas. Although the rates of PIC accumulation in the YRD are exceptional, anthropogenic effects, including climate change, are creating conditions that will likely enhance PIC accumulation in many other river deltas.

To explore the assessment method of original height of LA total of 154 normal thoracic and lumbar X-ray films were collected, and 140 cases were used as experimental group while 14 cases as validation group. The heights of anterior （In the 140 normal subjects,It is more appropriate to evaluate the original height of L₁ or L₂ single vertebrae by comparing with the height of the anterior edge of the upper and lower adjacent vertebral bodies.L探索L收集154例正常人群的胸腰椎侧位X线片，140例作为实验组，14例作为验证组。测量每例X线片中T₁₂～L₃椎体的前缘高度（实验组当L₁或L₂单椎体发生压缩性骨折时，根据压缩椎体上、下相邻椎体的前缘高度来评估压缩椎体的原有高度较为适宜。.法医学；脊柱；胸椎；腰椎；骨折，压缩性；线性回归.

Levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule, are reduced in the serum of individuals who smoke. We hypothesized that tobacco smoke influenced smooth muscle relaxation by decreasing H2S levels and this effect could also influence expression of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and sulfonylurea receptor-2 (SUR-2). The aim of this study was to explore the effect of tobacco smoke on H2S-mediated rat thoracic aorta relaxation and its possible mechanism. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control (C) group, short-term smoker (SS) group, mid-term smoker (MS) group, and long-term smoker (LS) group. H2S concentrations in serum, action of H2S on rat aortic vascular relaxation, and expression of CSE and SUR-2 in thoracic aortic smooth muscle were measured. Although there was no significant difference in H2S between the C and the SS groups, concentration of H2S was significantly reduced in both the LS and MS groups compared to control (P

Marine propellers with complex shaped surface could not satisfy hydrodynamics and have complex flow-structure interactions during running. While cavitation and marine organisms are two obstacles when ship propellers keep propulsion efficiency, many of them have been coated with fouling release coating to maintain propeller propulsion efficiency. In this paper, the introduction of the composite coating to marine propellers can not only effectively resist to cavitation erosion, but also be free from marine organisms. In the above context, tests for the cavitation characteristics of the composite coating were carried out. Composite coatings on the tool head for 40 h or hedging for 100 h had slightly loss of light with the cumulative weight loss less than 5 mg. Open water tests showed the composite coating did not significantly affect thrust and torque characteristics of model propeller. After the use on ship propellers for a period of 16 months, composite coating matched well only with minor damage on the leading edge, but none diffusion under the coating layer. And also marine organisms on blades of propeller could be washed away easily with high pressure water.

To compare the differences between Hertel exophthalmometry and CT on exophthalmos measurement, and explore its practical application value in forensic medicine.Fifty-six normal individuals without eye injuries or diseases were selected as the control group. The absolute values of exophthalmos were measured in the standardized CT image workstation. The difference of binocular exophthalmos was compared in normal group. Forty-seven cases with unilateral orbital fracture were divided into injured eye group and normal eye group according to the presence of binocular orbital fractures. The differences of the absolute values of eophthalmos from the same eye and the relative values of eophthalmos between two eyes for same person measured by Hertel exophthalmometry and CT were analyzed.There was no statistical difference of exophthalmos between the normal eyes measured by CT method. In the normal eye group, the absolute value of exophthalmos measured by CT method was （16.66±5.41） mm, which was （16.16±4.45） mm when measured by the Hertel exophthalmometry method. There was no statistical difference between two groups （CT method has a good consistency with Hertel exophthalmometry, which can be applied into the practice of medicolegal expertise.

To investigate the effect of phospholipid transfer protein(PLTP) on cigarette smoke extract(CSE) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in rat alveolar Type Ⅱ cells (RLE-6TN).CSE of different concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%) was co-cultured for 2 or 3 days with RLE-6TN, either pre-treated or not pre-treated with siRNA-PLTP for 6 h. Expression levels of E-cadherin mRNA and Vimentin mRNA were examined by RT-PCR, while expression levels of PLTP, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin were examined by Western blot.Our results showed that the expression of E-cadherin mRNA decreased in CSE-treated groups: 1.01±0.05, 0.74±0.05, 0.65±0.03, 0.30±0.08 respectively at different concentrations of CSE (0 %, 0.25%, 0.5 %, and 1.0%); while the level of Vimentin mRNA increased significantly in 1% CSE treated cells(1.88±0.49), compared with control cells (1.01±0.20). Treatment with CSE at different concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%) showed that the protein levels of PLTP were 0.42±0.02, 0.89±0.25, 1.08±0.18, 1.61±0.06 respectively; those of E-cadherin were 1.61±0.04, 1.08±0.10, 0.62±0.08, 0.68±0.17, respectively; those of N-cadherin were 0.60±0.14, 0.57±0.26, 0.88±0.30, 1.94±0.54, respectively; and those of Vimentin were 0.61±0.05, 0.98±0.16, 1.07±0.14, 1.34±0.19, respectively; all P0.05 when the 1% CSE group was compared with the control group. EMT induced by CSE was significantly inhibited by siRNA-PLTP.PLTP may be involved in CSE induced EMT of rat alveolar cells.

To study the characteristic of contrast visual evoked potentials （CVEP） in patients with ocular trauma.Sixty patients defined as ocular trauma by forensic clinical examination in our center were selected, and split into 0.2-0.3 （Group A）, 0.3-0.5 （Group B） and ≥0.5 （Group C） according to the best corrected visual acuity. The variation characteristics of wave amplitude and latency of CVEP under 100%, 25% and 10% contrast were observed and analyzed statistically.（1） Under the same contrast, the wave amplitude of P₁₀₀ decreased with the decrease of stimulus perspective. （2） Under the same stimulus perspective, the wave amplitude of P₁₀₀ decreased with the decrease of contrast （CVEP may become one of the possible methods for the evaluation of contrast visual acuity.

Background: The human epidermal growth factor (HER2/neu) oncoprotein is composed of an intracellular tyrosine kinase portion, a short transmembrane section, and an extracellular ligand-binding domain (ECD). The latter is frequently cleaved from the surface of breast cancer cells and the serum HER2 ECD levels can be detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Consistent with majority of reports, our prior study showed that high circulating levels of the HER2 ECD indicates poor prognosis in 207 patients with metastatic breast cancer. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate whether serum HER2 ECD levels would predict the clinical outcome of metastatic breast cancer patients. Methods: Till May 19, 2012, one hundred ninty metastatic breast cancer patients were followed up. Serum was available from 190 patients at baseline, 46 patients in the assessment of time. Serum HER2 ECD levels were measured by ELISA. Disease state was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the interval from the time of randomization until the first documentation of disease progression or death due to any cause. PFS and median PFS were generated by Kaplan-Meier spots. Results: Elevated baseline HER2 ECD levels (bECD) (≥15 ng/ml) were observed in 40% (40/100) of patients with HER2-amplified tumors and 21.8% (19/87) of patients with HER2-negative tumors. Patients with bECD-elevated disease had a median PFS of 356 days compared with 229 days for patients with bECD-low disease(P = 0.001). In HER2-amplified cohort, median PFS for patients with low bECD levels was longer than those with bECD-elevated disease (391 days v 226 days, P = 0.005). And patients with low bECD levels treated with Herceptin-based regimen (n = 36) had a trend of longer PFS than patients(n = 24) treated with non-Herceptin regimen(447 days v 298 days, P = 0.227). Moreover, bECD-low patients (n = 36) showed a significantly longer median PFS than bECD-elevated patients(n = 22) when treated with Herceptin-based scheme (447 days v 229 days, P = 0.004). While, in patients with increased bECD levels, there was no statistical difference between Herceptin-treated groups (n = 22) and non-Herceptin-treated groups (n = 14) (229 days v 173 days, P = 0.761). In the HER2-negative group, patients with bECD-low disease had a median PFS of 313 days compared with 206 days for patients with bECD-elevated disease (P = 0.02). In a cohort of 46 patients whose HER2 ECD levels were monitored during treatment, 29 patients remains low ECD levels, 12 patients convert from elevated to low, 2 patients convert from low to high, and 3 patients remains elevated HER2 ECD levels. The patients who remained low ECD levels or achieved low ECD leves have significantly longer PFS than those whose levels remained above 15ng/mL or converted from low to high regardless of treatment given (440 days v 192days, P = 0.019). Conclusion: Elevated HER2 bECD predicts poor median PFS irrespective of HER2 status. HER2-amplified patients with low-HER2 ECD levels may get more benefit from Herceptin-based scheme. Remained low-HER2 ECD levels or decreases in serum HER2 ECD levels during treatment were associated with longer median PFS in metastatic breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-09-09.

Men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are often characterised by low testosterone (T). We aimed to determine whether exenatide (EXE) combined metformin (MET) treatment has a better effect on serum total testosterone (TT) levels than glimepiride (GLI) combined MET treatment in men with T2D and obesity. In a multicentre, 12-week observational study, 176 obese T2D men with failed glycaemic control were included in the study: ninety men (mean age, 43.00 ± 8.50 years) in EXE + MET group and 86 men (mean age, 44.00 ± 7.00 years) in GLI + MET group. Serum TT levels were more significantly increased in EXE + MET group than GLI + MET group (121.72 ± 56.73 ng/dl versus 34.67 ± 16.30 ng/dl). The increasement of TT levels in those patients who lost body weight ≥5% was significantly greater than those who lost weight

To overcome the disadvantages generated by the loose nano-partilce agglomerates dispersed in polymer compos- ites, a chemical grafting method was applied to modify nano-Si3N4 by covalently bonding glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto the particles. The tribological behavior of the epoxy composite filled with nano-Si3N4 or GMA treated Si3N4 (Si3N4- g-PGMA) was studied using a ring-on-block wear tester under dry sliding, and the worn surface of the filled epoxy compos- ite and the surface roughness of the composites after the sliding wear test were investigated by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy), respectively. In comparison to the composites filled with untreated nano-Si3N4 particles, the composites with the grafted nano-Si3N4 exhibit improved sliding wear resistance and reduced fric- tion coefficient owing to the chemical bonding at the filler/matrix interface.