Search

Recycled carbon fibre (RCF) and Kenaf fibre (KF) have been used as reinforcement materials in combination with recycled polypropylene (RPP) matrix to manufacture a sustainable composite. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) has also been used as a compatibilizer to modify the interface between fibres and matrix composites, resulting in improved composite strength and thermal resistance. After modified with MAPP, the recycled carbon fibre was combined with KF fiber to improve the KF/RPP composite properties such as mechanical and thermal stability. The results were indicated that the mechanical properties of RCF/RPP composite was improved with increasing of MAPP when MAPP added 8 Wt. %, these reached a Maximum of 77.6 MPa and 271.4 MPa, respectively. When the RCF combined with the KF hybrid composite, the mechanical strength of the hybrid composite was improved with the amount of RCF. The DSC results showed that the MAPP could reduce the Tc of RPP and increase the crystallization degree. The hybrid composite presented that the crystallization degree was increased with the increment of RCF content. The DMA results showed that the RCF can influence the β translation of RPP.

To evaluate the value of parameters derived from intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating histopathological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Between May 2014 and December 2015, a total of 69 patients who were surgically and pathologically diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma were recruited for the study. We examined 61 clear cell RCC (ccRCC), and 8 non-clear cell carcinoma (non-ccRCC, including 7 chromophobe RCC and 1 papillary RCC). All the ccRCC were divided into well differentiated group (n=46), moderately differentiated group (n=8), and poorly differentiated group (n=7). In addition to routine renal magnetic resonance imaging examination performed on a 3.0-Tesla MR system, all patients were imaged with axial intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging. Using biexponential model, we calculated the diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D(*)), and perfusion fraction (f).The D and f values of the ccRCC were higher (each P0.05) than that for non-ccRCC [D (1.29±0.30)×10(-3)mm(2)/s, D(*) (42.92±20.21)×10(-3)mm(2)/s, and f (35.71±6.61)% versus D (0.78±0.23)×10(-3)mm(2)/s, D(*) (32.60±11.33)×10(-3)mm(2)/s, and f (21.52±8.44)% ]. In the well differentiated group of ccRCC, we found D of (1.36±0.29)×10(-3)mm(2)/s, D(*) (38.39±18.51)×10(-3)mm(2)/s, and f (36.40±6.96)%. The D, D(*,) f values of moderately differentiated lesions were (1.10±0.24)×10(-3)mm(2)/s, (59.90±20.23)×10(-3) mm(2)/s, and (32.88±4.02)%, respectively, those of the poorly differentiated group were (1.03±0.16)×10(-3)mm(2)/s, (53.28±18.74)×10(-3)mm(2)/s, and (34.42±6.21)%. The well differentiated group of ccRCC showed a higher D value than the moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated groups (each P0.05). D(*) values were significantly lower for the well differentiated group than for the moderately differentiated group (P0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of D values were 90.2% and 87.5% when focusing on the differentiation of ccRCC. For the diagnosis of ccRCC, the sensitivity and specificity of f values were 98.4% and 75.0%, respectively.IVIM-DWI can provide certain reliable value in evaluating pathological subtype and differentiation degree of renal cell carcinomas. D and f values are useful to distinguish ccRCC from non-ccRCC. D value is also promising for estimating the differentiation degree of ccRCC, and to indicate the biological behavior of RCC.