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In 2014, 45 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. from Jinzhong City (Shanxi Province, China) that had never used Qo inhibitor (QoI)-type fungicides were characterised for sensitivity to picoxystrobin through growth inhibition tests with 100 μg/ml salicylhydroxamic acid. The isolates showed similar sensitivity, the EC50 values ranging from 0.021 to 0.197 μg/ml. Baseline sensitivity was distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC50 values of 0.108 ± 0.004 μg/ml for picoxystrobin. In field experiments in 2015 and 2016, 57 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. from four geographical regions of China revealed a mean EC50 value of 1.074 ± 3.287 μg/ml, which was 9.94-fold higher than the baseline sensitivity. In these four regions, Qo inhibitors provided control efficacy of about 85%. The isolates with low, moderate, and high resistance to the QoI fungicide picoxystrobin accounted for 3.5%, 7.0%, and 5.3% of all 57 isolates, respectively. However, during continuous asexual culturing of the resistant isolates on fungicide-free medium for ten generations, picoxystrobin sensitivity of low and moderate resistant isolates was restored. Moreover, spore production, mycelial growth rates, and spore germination rates of the resistant isolates did not differ significantly from those of the sensitive isolates. Genetic analysis for mutations showed that picoxystrobin resistance was associated with a point mutation from GGT to GCT at codon 143 in the CytB gene (G143A) in high resistant mutants of C. gloeosporioides, but no point mutation was detected in low and moderate resistant isolates. Positive cross-resistance between picoxystrobin and QoIs (azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl) was observed; no cross-resistance between picoxystrobin and other type fungicides (carbendazim and prochloraz) was detected.

Objective We aimed to predict population composition, mortality, sociodemographic index (SDI), and cause-specific disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate in China from 2018 through 2021. Study design Using the time series method autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models on all available data, mainly Statistics Year Report by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, we predicted populations, deaths, DALYs attributable to disease conditions, and injuries (causes) for China from 2018 through 2021 at levels 0, 1, 2, and 3. Methods The time series method ARIMA models was used on history data. Results The predicted total population and SDI in China are increasing from 2018 through 2021. The under-5 mortality is decreasing; from 10.24% to 0.65% in the period 1990–2021. The all-cause DALY rate decreases. The top causes of DALY rate are non-communicable diseases (level 1), cardiovascular diseases (level 2), and stroke (level 3). For the leading 22 level 2 causes in 2018, the trend of ranking in 2021 is as follows: unchanged, 15; increasing, 4; and decreasing, 3. For the leading 169 level 3 causes in 2018, the trend of ranking in 2021 is: as follows: unchanged, 49; increasing, 63; and decreasing 57. Conclusions Cause-specific and time-dependent health policy should be steered to reduce the major burden focuses and to improve population health.

To analyze the correlation between lipid profile and disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).A total of 307 Crohn's disease (CD) patients, 232 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 165 healthy subjects from the same geographic region were included. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] were retrieved from their medical records. Crohn disease activity index (CDAI) and Mayo scores were calculated as measurement of disease severity for CD and UC separately. Patients with CD and UC had lower TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels than those in control group (研究炎症性肠病（IBD）患者血脂代谢指标水平与疾病活动的相关性。纳入2014年1月至2018年11月南京医科大学第一附属医院307例克罗恩病（CD）患者、232例溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者及165名健康对照。收集患者临床资料和实验室检查指标，包括总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和脂蛋白a［Lp（a）］。采用克罗恩病活动指数（CDAI）和Mayo评分分别评估CD及UC疾病活动度，并分析其与TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C和Lp（a）水平的关系。结果显示，CD及UC患者TC、TG、HDL-C及 LDL-C的水平低于健康对照组（

The pH responsive properties of poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] (PMETAC) brushes have been manifested in an experiment carried out by Liu et al. (2017). In this paper, we have employed a molecular theory to study the pH response of strong polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs), by considering both strong polyelectrolyte-OH− (P–O) hydrogen bonds and polyelectrolyte-counterions (P–C) bonds and their explicit coupling to the SPB conformation. It is found that, when at lower salt concentrations, the combination of P–O hydrogen bonds and P–C bonds results in the pH-responsive properties of a SPB, which are governed by the formation of interchain hydrogen bonds, while at higher salt concentrations, the pH response of the SPB is suppressed by the effect of salt ions. This finding agrees well with the experimental observation. We also investigate the OH−-mediated bridging effect on the structure of a SPB. Based on this theoretical perspective, we predict that the pH response of a SPB will depend on the identity of salt, and the OH−-mediated bridging interactions can induce a vertically phase segregation in a SPB.

In this paper, a new high-temperature superconducting (HTS)-based microwave radiometer with an improved sensitivity is presented. The cryogenic receiver front end consists of an HTS filter and a cryogenic low noise amplifier (LNA). The cryogenic receiver front end shows an ultra-low noise figure and can suppress radio frequency interference (RFI) effectively. The proposed HTS filter works at a center frequency of 1.4135 GHz with a bandwidth of 25 MHz. The measured mid-band insertion loss, side band steepness, and out-of-band attenuation of the HTS filter are 0.14 dB, 35 dB/MHz, and 80 dB, respectively. The noise figure of the cryogenic LNA is about 0.27 dB at a temperature of 77 K. Compared with other total power radiometers, the proposed radiometer has a lower receiver noise temperature, which can improve the sensitivity with a short integration time of the satellite-based salinity meter. In addition, since the bandwidth of the salinity meter is fixed and the integration time of satellite-based equipment is limited, such a low receiver noise temperature can increase the flexibility of future satellite payload configuration program.

To explore the clinical and prognostic features of CVT caused by PROS1 gene mutations and to provide clinical experience for new oral anticoagulants, such as rivaroxaban, in the treatment of CVT with a high risk of thrombosis.The CVT patient's clinical symptoms were described, and the brain imaging and blood coagulation tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis of CVT. The patient's family members were recruited to receive blood coagulation tests and ultrasonic examination of lower limb vessels. Genetic analysis on the pedigree was carried out to identify the responsible gene for PS deficiency. We followed-up with this patient for 24 months to evaluate the clinical outcomes, laboratory results and imaging performances of CVT.The patient presented with typical CVT symptoms, including headache and epilepsy. Brain CT showed hemorrhage in the bilateral frontal lobe and left occipital lobe, while MRV demonstrated that thrombus had occurred. It was reviewed that the patient and his mother had a history of bilateral leg deep vein thrombosis. Gene tests revealed that the patient and two family members carried a heterozygous mutation of PROS1 (c.751_752delAT, p.M251Vfs*17). During 24 months of follow-up study, the patient was treated with rivaroxaban continuously and recovered well, supported by an mRS score that remained below 2. Blood coagulation tests were within normal limits, and MRV revealed partial recanalization of the cerebral venous sinus.The frame shift mutation in the PROS1 gene (c.751_752delAT) may greatly affect the function of protein S and lead to a severe phenotype of CVT. Rivaroxaban showed a satisfying therapeutic effect in this CVT patient with hereditary thrombophilia.

OBJECTIVE: To eludicate the risk factors of mechanical ventilation and prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with severe multiple injuries. METHODS: Consecutive patients with severe multiple injures who were treated in Peking University People's Hospital Trauma Medical Center between December 2016 and December 2019 were enrolled in this restropective chart-review study. According to mechanical ventilation and ventilatory time, the patients were divided into mechanical ventilation (MV) group and non-mechanical ventilation (NMV) groups, prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) group and shortened mechanical ventilation (SMV) groups. Clinical data such as gender, age, base excess, mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), abbreviated injury scale (AIS) and injury severity score (ISS) were collected. To indentify the risk factors of mechanical ventilation and prolonged mecha-nical ventilation, univariate and multivariate Logistic analyses were carried out. RESULTS: In the present study, 112 patients (82 male, 30 female) with severe multiple injuries having a median age of 52 (range: 16-89 years) and a median ISS of 34 (range: 16-66) were enrolled. The primary mechanism of injury was traffic accident injury and falling injury. In the study, 62 and 50 patients were assigned to MV and NMV groups, respectively. Logistic analysis showed that GCS (OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.53-0.92, P=0.03), base excess (OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.37-0.88, P=0.002) and multiple rib fracture (OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.60-2.80, P=0.012) were independent significant risk factors for mechanical ventilation after severe multiple injuries. Within the mechanical ventilation group, 38 and 24 patients were assigned to PMV and SMVgroups, respectively. Compared with the SMV group, the PMV group had a higher ISS and higher rate of severe head trauma. The length of hospital stay of PMV group was longer than that of SMV groups. Meanwhile, the incidence of tracheotomy in PMV group was high. CONCLUSIONS: GCS, base excess and rib fracture might be independent risk factors for mechanical ventilation. Higher ISS and lower GCS might prolong the ventilatory time and the length of hospital stay. Meanwhile, the incidence of tracheotomy was high in PMV group because of the longer ventilatory time and poor consciousness.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies, with the highest mortality rate in women worldwide. LINC00662, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), was shown to play a vital role in many malignancies, while little is known about its role in OC. Firstly, our study determined the expression of LINC00662 in OC tissues and cells. Upregulation or downregulation of LINC00662 were performed in OC cells to explore its effects on cell proliferation and glycolysis of OC. The interaction between LINC00662 and miR-375 was verified using luciferase assays and RNA immunoprecipitation. Results showed that LINC00662 was highly expressed in OC tissues and cells, and patients with increased expression of LINC00662 were associated with shorter overall survival. Furthermore, functional assays proved that LINC00662 was essential for OC cell proliferation and glycolysis. Subsequently, our study further revealed that LINC00662 acted as a competitive RNA and it could modulate the expression of HIF-1α through directly binding with miR- 375. Collectively, upregulation of LINC00662 in ovarian cancer tissues is closely correlated to poor survival. LINC00662 might regulate HIF-1α expression via miR-375. These findings suggested that LINC00662 has the potential to be explored as a diagnostic biomarker for OC.

The decay ψ′→π+π−π0 is analyzed using a sample of 14 million ψ′ events taken with the BESII detector at the BEPC, and the branching fraction is measured to be B(ψ′→π+π−π0)=(18.1±1.8±1.9)×10−5. A partial wave analysis is carried out using the helicity amplitude method. ψ′→ρ(770)π is observed, and the branching fraction is measured to be B(ψ′→ρ(770)π)=(5.1±0.7±1.1)×10−5, where the first error is statistical and the second one is systematic. A high mass enhancement with mass around 2.15 GeV/c2 is also observed. Attributing this enhancement to the ρ(2150) resonance, the branching fraction is measured to be B(ψ′→ρ(2150)π→π+π−π0)=(19.4±2.5−3.4+11.5)×10−5. The results will help in the understanding of the longstanding “ρπ puzzle” between J/ψ and ψ′ hadronic decays.

头颈部黏膜黑色素瘤（head and neck mucosal melanoma，HNMM）是一种具有高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤，其病因不明，主要发生在鼻腔鼻窦和口腔。由于头颈部解剖结构复杂且肿瘤容易复发及转移，HNMM的治疗一直是临床医生面临的巨大挑战。近年来，手术及辅助治疗技术的进步，尤其是靶向治疗和免疫治疗研究的深入，给HNMM的治疗带来令人欣喜的前景。.

Two of the main problems in railway systems, both dynamically (safety, comfort, etc.) and economically (planning of maintenance interventions maintenance, reduction of wheel and rail lifetime, etc.) are represented by the wear of wheel and rail profiles and by the rolling contact fatigue. For these reasons, nowadays the prediction of wear and crack growth at the wheel-rail interface is a fundamental problem in the railway field, directly correlated to the maintenance planning. Hence, the authors present the development of an efficient and innovative modelling approach, suitable to different scenarios, that combines a wear model to evaluate the wheel and rail profile evolution and a RCF crack prediction model based on experimental relationship validated through experimental tests carried out in the Tribology Research Institute of the Southwest Jiaotong University in Chengdu.

Tl-2212 superconducting films were fabricated on r-cut sapphire substrates buffered with (00l)-oriented CeO2films. The buffer layers were deposited by the cerium dioxide sputtering target and the RF magnetron sputtering method. The epitaxial growth of CeO2films on r-cut sapphire substrates was obtained over a wide range of sputtering parameters, such as temperature, pressure, power and Ar/O2ratio. The Tl-2212 films grown on these buffer layers subsequently were purely c-axis orientation. The critical transition temperature of the best film was 105.6 K, the critical current density was 2.8 MA/cm2(77 K, 0 T) and the surface resistance was 435 μΩ (10 GHz, 77 K).

This paper describes an online noble gas monitor used for the detector calibration process with a cryogenic radiometer. The process is implemented under a high-flux synchrotron radiation X-ray source in the energy range from 2100 to 6000 eV at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF). This online monitoring system aims to lower the uncertainty of the calibration results caused by electron beam decay in the storage ring during the detector calibration process. Because the calibration process is performed under the high vacuum condition, an ionization chamber with adjustable Kr gas pressure is chosen as the monitoring device. To decrease the electronic noise, a method for obtaining the signal by collecting the counts within a specified time has been applied. Under the properly controlled conditions, the uncertainty of the calibration results introduced by the online monitoring system is estimated to be better than 0.15%, which can meet the demands of various high-precision calibration processes.

Refractory or relapsed B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients have a dismal outcome with current therapy. We treated 42 primary refractory/hematological relapsed (R/R) and 9 refractory minimal residual disease by flow cytometry (FCM-MRD+) B-ALL patients with optimized second generation CD19-directed CAR-T cells. The CAR-T-cell infusion dosages were initially ranged from 0.05 to 14 × 105/kg and were eventually settled at 1 × 105/kg for the most recent 20 cases. 36/40 (90%) evaluated R/R patients achieved complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi), and 9/9 (100%) FCM-MRD+ patients achieved MRD-. All of the most recent 20 patients achieved CR/CRi. Most cases only experienced mild to moderate CRS. 8/51 cases had seizures that were relieved by early intervention. Twenty three of twenty seven CR/CRi patients bridged to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remained in MRD- with a median follow-up time of 206 (45-427) days, whereas 9 of 18 CR/CRi patients without allo-HCT relapsed. Our results indicate that a low CAR-T-cell dosage of 1 × 105/kg, is effective and safe for treating refractory or relapsed B-ALL, and subsequent allo-HCT could further reduce the relapse rate.

Casing failure is very serious in ultra-temperature, ultra-deep, ultra-pressure wells, because of its severe service environments. The reliability of the casing service has become the key problem to be solved urgently. A reliability evaluation model of casing system based on structural reliability is proposed, by referring to structural reliability design method and considering the randomness and time variability of load and strength of complicated deep well casing. First, discrete casing system into several basic evaluation units, according to the structure of well body, the form of casing failure and the characteristics of stress; then establish the ultimate state equations of the different failure modes of the basic units and calculate the reliability indexes of the basic units separately, according to the structural characteristics and load modes of the basic units; Finally, complete the reliability evaluation of the whole well casing, according to the system reliability calculation method. Taking a ultra-deep well in the West as an example, the reliability index and failure probability of the whole well are calculated. The results show that the casing reliability evaluation model based on structural reliability can effectively realize the quantitative characterization of the casing reliability of the whole well and the dynamic change process of the casing reliability in the service cycle, which provides a basis for timing of well repair and monitoring of key parts. At the same time, the corresponding relationship between the reliability index and the traditional safety factor is calculated, and the evaluation results have a better guiding significance for the practical engineering.

More and more high-strength steel materials are applied in the exploration and development of oil and gas; however, the present formula used to calculate the tensile test elongation requirement may not be suitable any further, because it was established based on old carbon steel and low-alloy steel material. In view of this question, several kinds of high-strength steel materials were selected to conduct the study on the tensile test elongation variation law, and a statistic analysis was conducted on a large number of test results. The tests results showed that the Oliver formula is still applicable to high-strength steel material but with different material coefficients. The present formula may overestimate the property of the material, which may have some safety concern. The tensile test elongation variation formula for high-strength steel material was established based on the database with sufficient test results, and more applicable technical requirement is put forward.

To investigate the characteristics of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR in colon cancer, and to further explore its function in the development of colon cancer and its potential regulatory mechanisms.Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect HOTAIR expression in 72 colon cancer tissues along with adjacent normal tissues. Meanwhile, the relationship between HOTAIR level and colon cancer pathological parameters and patient prognosis were analyzed, respectively. QRT-PCR further verified the HOTAIR expression in colon cancer cells. Besides, knockdown and overexpression of HOTAIR models were constructed using lentivirus in HT29 and HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) and cell colony formation assays were used to analyze the effects of HOTAIR on biological function of colon cancer cell. In addition, dual luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms.QRT-PCR results showed that HOTAIR expression in colon cancer was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The incidence of distant metastasis was higher in patients with high expression of HOTAIR while their survival rate was lower than that of patients with low HOTAIR expression. Meanwhile, cell proliferation, invasion as well as migration ability of the cells in HOTAIR knockdown group was significantly decreased than those in the negative control group. QRT-PCR results showed that mRNA levels of miR-34a and HOTAIR in colon cancer tissues were negatively correlated. Besides, luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that overexpression of miR-34a significantly attenuated the luciferase activity of the wild-type HOTAIR vector group without attenuating the mutant HOTAIR vector group (p0.05) In addition, the recovery experiment also found a mutual regulation between HOTAIR and miR-34a, together they could affect the malignant progression of colon cancer.HOTAIR expression was significantly increased in colon cancer, which was in association with distant metastasis and poor prognosis of colon cancer. In addition, HOTAIR may promote malignant progression of colon cancer by regulating miR-34a.

An intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) microbridge with planar equiangular spiral antenna (PESA) is proposed and studied by simulation and experiment. This IJJs circuit is simulated firstly to obtain the minimum of reflection coefficient and pattern. Secondly, IJJs with PESA are fabricated on misaligned Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 superconducting film. The millimeter wave characteristics are investigated by a Febry–Perot resonator, which consists of a spherical mirror antenna and a plane mirror. At 37.4 GHz, the IJJs and the millimeter wave show an optimum coupling, which deviate from the simulation for only 0.004 GHz. In addition, the extent of the coupling between IJJs and the resonator is discussed at different angle for the polarization direction of the spherical mirror antenna with the microbridge. The result shows that the strongest coupling is obtained at 0–30° angle. Good conformance of measurements and simulations illustrate the effectiveness of our design in strong coupling between sample and resonator.

To predict the degradation of the lead-free solder interconnect under critical applications is very challenging. Physics of failure-based approach, which is widely used in predicting the lifecycles of solder interconnect in the field service, involves finite element modelling and certain accelerated tests leading to a coffin-Manson type of fatigue model. However, this prediction highly depends on the availability of well-developed constitutive models for describing the solder creep behavior under various temperature and stress conditions. Since the variety in lead free solder alloys and the inconsistency in making lead free test samples in characterizing such a model, a relatively large variety does exist even for the same type of lead free solders. In addition, the microstructure of the solder will change due to recrystallization during aging which will affect the crack propagation. We see the doping elements in SAC+ solder indeed have effect on the recrystallization and on the crack propagation speed which makes the lifecycle prediction even more challenging.In this study, finite element modelling was done with typical SMD components using various constitutive models. The results are correlated with the accelerating test results. The effect of the difference of various constitutive models is demonstrated in the predicted lifecycles. In addition, crack propagation speed of the two solder alloys (SAC305 and SAC+ which is SAC based solder plus certain doping elements) is monitored in the accelerating tests and the microstructure of the test samples after different life cycles is analyzed. The dedicated test results showed that the SAC305 cracks propagate faster than SAC+ in the early test cycles. However, in the later phase of the test, the SAC+ cracks speed up due to more severe recrystallization along the zone of the crack tip, which decreases the strength of the grains so that the cracks can propagate more easily. This type of shifting microstructure gives additional challenge in predicting the lifetime.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG; ATCC 53013) on growth performance and hepatotoxicity in calves fed a single dose of aflatoxin B

In the field of the high injection rate X-ray meterage, currently there are no national standards in China, which are urgently needed in areas such as inertial confinement fusion diagnosis and aerospace observation. Globally, many metrology laboratories have developed their own meterage standards based on Cryogenic radiometers. And one soft X-ray cryogenic radiometer has been installed at 4B7B experiment station on Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility to measure the X-ray power from 50 nW to 1 $$\upmu \hbox {W}$$ . The purpose is to verify the accuracy of the X-ray power measurement and the performance of the cryogenic radiometer. The spectral responsivity of a Si photodiode detector calibrated in the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt of Germany is calibrated at 750 eV again with the cryogenic radiometer based on synchrotron light source. Some important performance parameters (e.g., time constant, responsivity, and nonequivalence error) of the cryogenic radiometer were measured and were in agreement with the design indexes. Calibration results show that total relative uncertainties of X-ray power measurement were below 1% ( $$k=1)$$ , and that good consistency was received compared with the calibrations done by the PTB. The cryogenic radiometer built at 4B7B is reliable and accurate for soft X-ray power measurement. And the performance of the cryogenic radiometer is also very good.

PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays important roles in tumor pathogenesis. mTOR is up-regulated and miR-214 is down-regulated in cervical can-*cers. This study investigated whether miR-214 regulated mTOR expression and affected cervical cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis or invasion.Cervical cancer tissues were collected in parallel with normal epithelium for measuring the expression of miR-214 and mTOR. Dual luciferase expression assay was performed to evaluate the targeted relationship between miR-214 and mTOR. In vitro cultured SiHa cells were treated with miR-214 mimic or si-mTOR followed by measuring mTOR, p-mTOR and Bcl-2 expression. Cell apoptosis, proliferation and invasion were measured by flow cytometry and transwell assay.Bioinformatics analysis showed targeted binding sites between miR-214 and 3'-UTR of mTOR mRNA. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed this regulatory relationship between miR-214 and mTOR mRNA. Compared to normal cervical epithelium, cancer tissues had lower expression of miR-214 and higher mTOR, both of which were correlated with TNM stage and tissue pathology grade. Compared to Ect1/E6E7 cells, SiHa cells had lower level of miR-214 and higher mTOR/p-mTOR and Bcl-2 expression. Transfection of miR-214 mimic or si-mTOR significantly decreased mTOR/p-mTOR or Bcl-2 expression, inhibited cell proliferation or invasion, and enhanced cell apoptosis.miR-214 down-regulation plays a role in elevating mTOR expression and in facilitating cervical cancer pathogenesis. Over-expression of miR-214 inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation or invasion, and facilitates apoptosis via targeted inhibition of mTOR expression.

The metal-insulator transition temperature Tc in VO2 is experimentally shown to be almost the same as a magnetic transition temperature Tm characterized by an abrupt decrease in susceptibility, suggesting the evidence of the same underlying origin for both transitions. The measurement of susceptibility shows that it weakly increases on cooling for temperature range of T > Tm, sharply decreases near Tm and then unusually increases on further cooling. A theoretical approach for such unusual observations in susceptibility near Tm or below is performed by modeling electrons from each two adjacent V4+ ions distributed along V-chains as a two-electron system, which indicates that the spin exchange between electrons could cause a level splitting into a singlet (S = 0) level of lower energy and a triplet (S = 1) level of higher energy. The observed abrupt decrease in susceptibility near Tm is explained to be due to that the sample enters the singlet state in which two electrons from adjacent V4+ ions are paired into dimers in spin antiparallel. By considering paramagnetic contribution of unpaired electrons created by the thermal activation from singlet to triplet levels, an expression for susceptibility is proposed to quantitatively explain the unusual temperature-dependent susceptibility observed at low temperatures. Based on the approach to magnetic features, the observed metal-insulator transition is explained to be due to a transition from high-temperature Pauli paramagnetic metallic state of V4+ions to low-temperature dimerized state of strong electronic localization.

The bicrystal Josephson junction (BJJ) was fabricated by patterning microbridge into Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 (Tl-2212) thin film grown epitaxially on the bicrystal SrTiO3 (STO) substrate. The millimeter wave responses of BJJ were researched by experiment and numerical simulation. Shapiro steps and subharmonic steps were both observed in the current–voltage (I–V) curve at the liquid nitrogen temperature. In the resistive–capacitive–inductive shunted junction (RCLSJ) model, both of the Shapiro steps and subharmonic steps were reproduced with varying capacitances and inductances. The result of simulation has a good agreement with the experiment. The relative large capacitance and inductance correspond to distinct subharmonic steps.

The stabilization time is from the initial state to the steady state. The resistive-capacitive-inductive shunted junction (RCLSJ) model was used to study the nonlinear dynamical behavior of Josephson tunnel junction (JJ). The stabilization time of JJs is calculated by the information of voltage waveform. With the certain irradiation, four-dimensional image of stabilization time of JJs is calculated in the three-dimensional parameter space composed of the junction capacitance C, shunt inductance L, and the bias current I. The average of stabilization time under different conditions was applied to thr RCLSJ model and the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) model. In this paper, the average of stabilization time at different initial conditions, irradiation frequencies, and intensity was simulated. The average of stabilization time was nearly unvaried with initial value of normalized voltage and increased with the intensity of irradiation. The average of stabilization time fluctuates with the frequency of irradiation. Similar results are obtained in SQUID model. The average of stabilization time in SQUID model is less than that in JJ.

Flower bud differentiation is very important for the yield and quality of strawberry fruit. In order to identify flower bud development, the paraffin section method was adopted to observe the morphological differentiation of apical meristems of ‘Tianxiang’ strawberry (Fragaria A— ananassa Duch.) runner plants in Beijing, 2009. The results showed that top flower bud differentiation lasted for about 44 days, might be divided into seven stages. On 15 September, the buds came into the primary differentiation stage, the apical points became semi-circular, broader, and nearly 70% of the buds started differentiation on 20 September. Then the inflorescence primordia were visible on the apical points, and about 60% of the buds went into the inflorescence primordium differentiation stage on 25 September. Thereafter, the sepal primordia appeared at the base of inflorescence primordia, 60% of the buds were in the sepal primordium differentiation stage by 1 October. On 6 October, in about 90% of the buds the petal primordia could be seen inside of sepal primordial. About 10 d later, the stamen primordia developed in around 80% of the buds. On 22 October, the pistil primordia appeared on the surface of the receptacles. The main pistil primordium differentiation stage was from 22 to 29 October, and about 70% of the buds had finished their pistil primordium differentiation on 29 October. At the end of sampling on 29 October, the secondary buds were mainly in the stamen primordium differentiation stage, and the tertiary buds were mainly in the petal primordium differentiation stage. Our results provided the details of flower bud development in ‘Tianxiang’ strawberry in Beijing, which will contribute to its production and management.

To date, the observational determination of braking indexes of magnetars is still an open question due to the lack of long-term radio emission and strong timing noise. Based on the assumption that the real ages of magnetars are the ages of their host supernova remnants (SNRs), expanding diffuse gaseous nebulae resulting from explosions of massive stars, we obtain the sizes of the braking index n for 11 magnetar candidates with SNRs. According to our calculations, the magnetar braking indexes will be constrained within the range of about 1-40, assuming the measurements of SNRs are reliable. We also investigate the frequency parameters of magnetars with associated SNRs, and estimate possible wind luminosities for magnetars withn 3. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Un-substituted TlBa2Ca2Cu3O x (Tl-1223)-superconducting thin films have been fabricated on a LaAlO3 (001) substrate in oxygen by using a two-step method, which includes direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering and post-annealing process. Thallium (Tl) content in amorphous precursor films is found to be important to the crystallization of Tl-superconducting phase. Using the nominal composition of Tl1+δ Ba2Ca2Cu3 O 8 (δ = 0.1∼0.2) precursor films, the formation is promoted to Tl-1223 and Tl-2223 phase rather than Tl-1212 and Tl-1223 phase with accompanying Tl-rich source pellets. When the annealing process continues, Tl-2223 phase will be converted to Tl-1223 phase at a suitable annealing time and temperature. From the X-ray diffraction pattern, only Tl-1223 (00l) peaks are observed, which shows that the purity of Tl-1223 film is improved significantly by this method. The critical temperature T c of Tl-1223 film is characterized at 110 K, and the critical current density J c (77 K, T = 0) is up to 1.5 MA/cm2.

We have investigated the millimeter wave irradiation characteristics of misaligned Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 thin-film intrinsic Josephson junction arrays at a liquid nitrogen temperature in an antenna system by both simulation and experiments. The dielectric substrate was regarded as a dielectric resonance antenna to improve high-frequency electromagnetic coupling between the intrinsic Josephson junction array and a horn antenna. A useful model for simulating the microwave system was devised to demonstrate and analyze the optimization of the irradiation in the antenna system. The electric field distribution in the antenna system was computed and displayed. Also, the near-field and far-field frequency characteristics of the receiving antenna and transmitting antenna were calculated and analyzed to study the mechanism of the irradiation. In the experiment, by detecting the suppressed critical current of the IJJA, an optimum transmission frequency range was measured and the frequency characteristic was studied in the transmitting and receiving antenna system. The critical current of the IJJA was suppressed to 37 % and the optimum coupling effect was achieved at 74.8 GHz. And the electromagnetic simulation matched up well with the experimental result. Potential reasons of the acceptable nuances between the simulation and experiment results were also taken into account. The influence the size of the microbridge had on the frequency characteristic of the dielectric antenna were elaborately discussed.

A regional haze episode occurred in the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province (BTH) area in the North China Plain (NCP) from 16 to 19 January 2010. The chemical and optical properties of aerosols and the meteorological condition were investigated in this study with intensive measurement of aerosol and trace gases from 14 to 23 January 2010 at five sites. The episode was caused by the combination of anthropogenic emissions and surface air stagnation under a high pressure system followed by a low pressure system. The concentrations of PM2.5 and trace gases increased significantly on a regional scale during this episode. The increased aerosol scattering coefficient (σsp), absorption coefficient (σap), and aerosol optical depth (AOD) showed the importance of aerosol extinction during this haze episode. The increase of secondary inorganic pollutants (SO42−, NO3−, NH4+) was observed simultaneously at four sites, especially in the plain area of BTH, which could be identified as a common characteristic of pollution haze in east China. The organic matter (OM) was different from secondary inorganic pollutants, which increased more significantly at Chengde (CD) site than the other three sites in plain area. The sulfate and nitrate in PM2.5 were mainly formed through the heterogeneous reaction process in the urban area. The secondary organic aerosols in PM2.5 only existed during haze days at CD but in both haze and normal days at the other three sites. The chemical characteristics of aerosols in PM2.5 indicated that the secondary formation of aerosol was one important mechanism in the formation of haze episode. The strong temperature inversion and descending air motions in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) allowed pollutants to accumulate in a shallow layer. The weak surface wind speed produced high pollutants concentration within these source regions. The accumulation of pollutants was one main factor in the haze formation. The enhanced southwest wind in the last period of this episode transported pollutants to the downwind area and expanded the regional scope of the haze.

Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) plays a key regulatory role in the growth, development, and stress resistance of plants by combining with phosphatase B subunit-like protein. In the present study, CIPK genes were identified in the whole genomes of diploid cottons and their sequences were subjected to bioinformatic analyses. The results demonstrated that the CIPK gene family was unevenly distributed in two diploid cotton genomes. Forty-one CIPKs were identified in the D genome, mainly located on chromosomes 9 and 10, whereas thirty-nine CIPKs were identified in the A genome, mainly located on chromosomes 8 and 11. Based on the gene structures, CIPKs in cotton could be classified into two types: one that is intron-rich and the other that has few introns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CIPK gene family members in cotton had close evolutionary relationships with those of the dicotyledonous plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and poplar. The analysis of transcriptome sequence data demonstrated that there were differences in gene expression in different tissues, indicating that the expression of the CIPKs in cotton had spatio-temporal specificity. The expression analysis of CIPKs under abiotic stresses (drought, salt, and low temperature) in different tissues at trefoil stage demonstrated that these stresses induced the expression of CIPKs.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been extensively applied to repair the forward flow of diseased coronary artery and can achieve significant curative results. However, some patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) develop non-perfusion or poor perfusion of cardiac muscle tissue after PCI, which increases the incidence of cardiovascular events and the death rate. PCI can dredge narrowed or infarct-related artery (IRA) and thus induce full reperfusion of ischemic myocardium. It is found in practice that some cases of AMI still have no perfusion or poor perfusion in myocardial tissue even though coronary angiography suggests opened coronary artery after PCI, which increases the incidence of vascular events and mortality. Therefore, to explore the detailed mechanism of PCI in treating coronary microcirculation of patients with stable angina pectoris, we selected 140 patients with stable angina pectoris for PCI, observing the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) of descending branch and changes of myocardial injury markers and left ventricular systolic function, and made a subgroup analysis based on the correlation between clinical indexes, IMR and other variables of diabetic and non-diabetic patients, PCI-related and non-PCI-related myocardial infarction patients. The results suggest that IMR of anterior descending branch after PCI was higher compared to that before PCI, and the difference was significant (P less than 0.05); creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), myohemoglobin and high sensitive troponin T were all increased after PCI, and the difference was also significant (P less than 0.05); brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level became higher after PCI, with significant difference (P less than 0.05); left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) declined after PCI, and the difference before and after PCI was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Moreover, subgroup analysis results of the three groups all demonstrated statistically significant differences. PCI can effectively increase microcirculatory resistance of patients with stable angina pectoris, especially those who develop both stable angina pectoris and diabetes. Patients with higher microcirculatory resistance before PCI are more likely to develop PCI-related myocardial infarction after PCI.

To deepen the understanding of acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS).The clinical data of 3 patients were analyzed and related literature were reviewed.① Case 1, a 70- year- old male, diagnosed as Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and AVWS, was presented with spontaneous epitaxis and bruising. The VWF∶Ag level was 16%. Treatment was initiated with VWF concentrates. Two cycles of chemotherapy with Bortezomib, thalidomide and Dexamethasone were followed. Partial remission was achieved. Half- year' follow- up showed no sign of spontaneous hemorrhage. ② Case 2, a 48- year- old female, diagnosed as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and AVWS, was presented with repeated epitaxis. The VWF∶Ag level was 7%. Because the bleeding was slight and self-relieved, no specific treatment was addressed. She was followed up for one and a half year. ③ Case 3, a 50- year- old man, diagnosed as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and AVWS, was referred to our hospital for presentation with significant hematomas. VWF∶ Ag was reduced to 12%. VWF- containing cryoprecipitate, plasma, intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab were used to control his bleeding symptom. During the follow-up, spontaneous hemorrhage still occurred occasionally.Acquired von Willebrand syndrome presented with heterogeneous symptoms. The level of VWF∶Ag and VWF∶Rco for patients with bleeding disorder should be performed. Abnormal bleeding symptoms in elderly patients without personal or family history of bleeding should prompt consideration of the underlying disorders. Treatment included controlling acute bleeding, curing the underlying diseases and preventing bleeding in high- risk situations. The prognosis of acquired von Willebrand syndrome is mainly related to the underlying diseases.

The aim of this study was to assess the role of lipolysis of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). We used a rat model of MI with or without EAT removal to study the effects of EAT lipolysis on cardiovascular function. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization were used to determine cardiac function, and infarct size and histopathology specimens were analyzed in postmortem sections. Inflammatory responses were evaluated via flow cytometry and Elisa analyses. We found that the lipolysis of EAT increased significantly after MI. Removal of the EAT after MI (MI-EAT) improved cardiac function by nearly 10% and decreased the infarct area by 6% when compared with rats retaining EAT after MI (MI+EAT). Furthermore, the removal of EAT reduced the number of CD45-positive leukocytes (50 vs. 34.8%) and increased the ratio of macrophage/leukocytes (56 vs. 75%) in the infarcted heart. Compared with the MI+EAT group, the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1‑beta were reduced in the MI-EAT group. Lipolysis of EAT increased significantly after MI. Removal of EAT improved cardiac function, in part, by weakening the inflammatory response.

In this paper, an effective method for improving emissions from Josephson junction arrays was proposed. We took the substrate as a dielectric resonance antenna to improve the coupling of intrinsic junctions to electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic simulations were performed in parallel with experiment investigations. Sharp radiation peaks at 76.9 GHz were detected from intrinsic Josephson junction arrays in misaligned Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8+δ thin films at 78 K. Experimental results proved the effectiveness of this method, which offered a competitive choice for coherent emission from intrinsic Josephson junction arrays.

Theoretical and simulation research has been conducted on the inductively coupled Josephson junction phase amplification. Based on theoretical analysis, we give its dynamic equations, which coincide with that of the phase-amplifying model of a parasitoid fly's aural structure. By a numerical method, we study its dynamic behaviors at subterahertz. The results illuminate that the Josephson junction pair can amplify very weak phase delay to detectable magnitude. In addition, the influences of the junction parameter have been investigated, and this unique dynamic behavior could be used in precise subterahertz-wave direction detection.

The preparation and superconductivity of Tl-2212 films grown on CeO2-buffered MgO substrates were investigated. AFM showed that the annealing of MgO substrates remarkably improved their crystal quality of surface layers, and led to the surface morphology of substrates evolving into unattached outgrowth structure with ultra-smooth surface. XRD measurements showed that CeO2buffer layers grown on MgO annealed at the suitable conditions were pure (00l) phase. The 500 nm thick Tl-2212 films grown on these CeO2films subsequently possessed excellent c-axis orientation and superconductivity. The best Tl-2212 film reached a low surface resistance of about 324 μΩ (10 GHz, 77 K), a critical current density as high as 3.5 MA/cm2(77 K, 0 T) and a critical transition temperature of about 108.4 K.