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To evaluate the safety of the domestic 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine-tetanus toxoid protein (PCV13-TT) after its licensure. The adverse event following immunization (AEFI) and the vaccination data of PCV13-TT in Zhejiang province from July 2020 to October 2021 were collected from national adverse event following immunization surveillance system and Zhejiang provincial immunization information system. Descriptive epidemiological method was used for this analysis. From July 2020 to October 2021, 302 317 doses of PCV13-TT were administered in children under 6 years old in Zhejiang Province and 636 AEFI case reports were received, with a reporting rate of 21.04 per 10 000 doses. Of these AEFI cases, 97.17% were mild vaccine product-related reaction (20.54 per 10 000 doses) and 95.44% occurred in the 0-1 d after vaccination (20.08 per 10 000 doses). The most common clinical diagnoses of AEFI included fever (224 cases), redness (204 cases), and induration (190 cases), while allergic rash (11 cases) was the most common diagnosis among the abnormal reactions. In conclusion,the present results bolstered that the domestic PCV13-TT was generally well tolerated in children under 6 years old in Zhejiang Province.评价国产13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗（PCV13-TT）上市后使用的安全性。采用横断面描述性研究方法，由浙江省疾病预防控制中心收集国家疑似预防接种异常反应（AEFI）信息管理系统中2020年7月至2021年10月期间浙江省PCV13-TT的AEFI报告数据；从浙江省疫苗管理和预防接种信息综合管理系统中统计同期PCV13-TT的接种数据。采用描述流行病学方法对PCV13-TT的AEFI报告发生情况进行描述性分析。结果显示，2020年7月至2021年10月期间，浙江省5岁及以下儿童中PCV13-TT共接种302 317剂次，报告AEFI共636例（报告发生率为21.04/万剂次），97.17%为一般反应（20.54/万剂次），95.44%发生在接种后0~1 d内（20.08/万剂次）。一般反应中最常见的为发热（224例）、局部红肿（204例）及硬结（190例），异常反应中报告最多的是过敏性皮疹（11例）。综上，浙江地区PCV13-TT上市后在5岁及以下儿童中接种具有较好的安全性。.

Laughing gas (Nitrogen monoxide) is currently abused due to its low price and easy availability. This article discussed the clinical manifestations of a patient with subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord caused by inhalation of laughing gas. The patient developed numbness of extremities, unstable walking, and decreased serum vitamin B(12) level. MRI of the cervical spine showed abnormal signals in the lateral and posterior cords of the cervical spinal cord (C2-6) , neuroelectrophysiological examination showed peripheral nerve damage in the extremities. After treatment with vitamin B(12) supplementation, the patient's condition gradually improved. Clinicians diagnose subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, especially when the patient has no gastrointestinal disease, diet, malnutrition, etc., they need to carefully inquire about the history of nitrous oxide inhalation to avoid missed diagnosis.笑气（一氧化二氮）因价格低廉、容易获得，目前存在滥用情况。本文探讨1例吸食笑气致脊髓亚急性联合变性患者的临床表现，患者出现四肢麻木、步态不稳，血清维生素B(12)水平降低，颈椎MRI提示颈髓（C2-6）侧索及后索内节段性异常信号；神经电生理检查示四肢周围神经损害。经补充维生素B(12)治疗，患者病情逐渐好转。临床医生诊断脊髓亚急性联合变性，尤其患者无消化道疾病、节食、营养不良等情况时，需仔细询问有无吸食笑气史，避免漏诊。.

The ability to hand over objects to humans is an important skill for service robots. However, determining the proper object pose for handover is a challenging task. Our approach, based on observations of a set of natural human handovers, addresses three related challenges in teaching robots how to hand over objects: (1) how to compute mathematically an appropriate ‘standard’ or ‘mean’ handover orientation, (2) how to ascertain whether an observed set is of good or poor quality, and (3) using (1) and (2), how to compute an appropriate handover orientation from a set, in a manner that is robust to the quality of the set. We first compare three methods for computing mean orientations and show that our proposed distance minimization based method yields the best results. Next, we show that using the concept of affordance axes, we can evaluate the quality of a set of observed orientations. Finally, using affordance axes together with random sample consensus, we devise a method for computing an appropriate handover orientation from a set of observed natural handover orientations. User study data verified that our methods are successful in identifying both good and poor quality sets of handover orientations and in computing appropriate handover orientations from observed natural handover orientations. These results enable robots to automatically learn proper handover orientations for various objects.

This paper investigates the use of kinematic motions recognized by a support vector machine (SVM) for the automatic detection of object handovers from the perspective of an object receiver. The cla...

We present a system for fast and robust handovers with a robot character, together with a user study investigating the effect of robot speed and reaction time on perceived interaction quality. The system can match and exceed human speeds and confirms that users prefer human-level timing.The system has the appearance of a robot character, with a bear-like head and a soft anthropomorphic hand and uses Bezier curves to achieve smooth minimum-jerk motions. Fast timing is enabled by low latency motion capture and real-time trajectory generation: the robot initially moves towards an expected handover location and the trajectory is updated on-the-fly to converge smoothly to the actual handover location. A hybrid automaton provides robustness to failure and unexpected human actions.In a 3x3 user study, we vary the speed of the robot and add variable sensorimotor delays. We evaluate the social perception of the robot using the Robot Social Attribute Scale (RoSAS). Inclusion of a small delay, mimicking the delay of the human sensorimotor system, leads to an improvement in perceived qualities over both no delay and long delay conditions. Specifically, with no delay the robot is perceived as more discomforting, and with a long delay it is perceived as less warm.

This paper presents a future-focused approach for robot programming based on augmented trajectories. Using a mixed reality head-mounted display (Microsoft Hololens) and a 7-DOF robot arm, we designed an augmented reality (AR) robotic interface with four interactive functions to ease the robot programming task: 1) Trajectory specification. 2) Virtual previews of robot motion. 3) Visualization of robot parameters. 4) Online reprogramming during simulation and execution. We validate our AR-robot teaching interface by comparing it with a kinesthetic teaching interface in two different scenarios as part of a pilot study: creation of contact surface path and free space path. Furthermore, we present an industrial case study that illustrates our AR manufacturing paradigm by interacting with a 7-DOF robot arm to reduce wrinkles during the pleating step of the carbon-fiber-reinforcement-polymer vacuum bagging process in a simulated scenario.

This work explores social perceptions of robots within the domain of human-to-robot handovers. Using the Robotic Social Attributes Scale (RoSAS), we explore how users socially judge robot receivers as three factors are varied: initial position of the robot arm prior to handover, grasp method employed by the robot when receiving a handover object trading off perceived object safety for time efficiency, and retraction speed of the arm following handover. Our results show that over multiple handover interactions with the robot, users gradually perceive the robot receiver as being less discomforting and having more emotional warmth. Additionally, we have found that by varying grasp method and retraction speed, users may hold significantly different judgments of robot competence and discomfort. With these results, we recognize empirically that users are able to develop social perceptions of robots which can change through modification of robot receiving behaviour and through repeated interaction with the robot. More widely, this work suggests that measurement of user social perceptions should play a larger role in the design and evaluation of human-robot interactions and that the RoSAS can serve as a standardized tool in this regard.

We present a system enabling users to accurately catch a real ball while immersed in a virtual reality environment. We examine three visualizations: rendering a matching virtual ball, the predicted trajectory of the ball, and a target catching point lying on the predicted trajectory. In our demonstration system, we track the projectile motion of a ball as it is being tossed between users. Using Unscented Kalman Filtering, we generate predictive estimates of the ball's motion as it approaches the catcher. The predictive assistance visualizations effectively increases the user's senses but can also alter the user's strategy in catching.

We examine how haptic feedback could enable an implicit human-computer interaction, in the context of an audio stream listening use case where a device monitors a user's electrodermal activity for orienting responses to external interruptions. When such a response is detected, our previously developed system automatically places a bookmark in the audio stream for later resumption of listening. Here, we investigate two uses of haptic feedback to support this implicit interaction and mitigate effects of noisy (false-positive) bookmarking: (a) low-attention notification when a bookmark is placed, and (b) focused-attention display of bookmarks during resumptive navigation. Results show that haptic notification of bookmark placement, when paired with visual display of bookmark location, significant improves navigation time. Solely visual or haptic display of bookmarks elicited equivalent navigation time; however, only the inclusion of haptic display significantly increased accuracy. Participants preferred haptic notification over no notification at interruption time, and combined haptic and visual display of bookmarks to support navigation to their interrupted location at resumption time. Our contributions include an approach to handling noisy data in implicit HCI, an implementation of haptic notifications that signal implicit system behavior, and discussion of user mental models that may be active in this context.

Through quantitatively analyzing the implementation of the sponge city concept in urban green space systems, this research explored the role of urban green spaces in collecting and using rainwater in a urban landscaping. By combining the ecological and recreational functions of the urban green spaces, as well as appropriate quantitative indexes, reasonable approaches for applying rainwater collection, infiltration and retention technologies in urban green space design and construction are suggested. Thus, the implementation of the sponge city concept in the initial planning stage of green spaces was considered. The Taihu New City in Wuxi was chosen as study case. Thus, this paper combined current planning status between green space and rainwater collection systems and analyzed them. As result, usable green spaces for the sponge city construction were obtained. Also, details on the construction characteristics of various usable green spaces were acquired. The role of these green spaces in the sponge city construction were classified and quantitatively assessed and compared with relevant standards. On the basis of guaranteeing green space intended purposes, this paper analyzed the results of coordinating the green space areas with rainwater collection systems and specified the role of various green spaces in the rainwater collection.

Epipremnum pinnatum Engl. is a flowering plant in the family Araceae. In southern China, it is often cultivated for medicinal and ornamental purposes. A distinct leaf blotch was observed on E. pinnatum in October 2017. Symptoms included gray or tan irregular blotches, with reddish to yellow margins. Portions of the symptomatic leaves were surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for 30 s and then in 2% NaClO for 1 min, rinsed three times in sterile distilled water, and plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). Seven strains (GUCC 8601 to GUCC 8607) from four diseased E. pinnatum plants were obtained by single spore selection. Fungal colonies on PDA reached 70 to 75 mm in diameter after 7 days, were velvety to slightly powdery, and were gray olivaceous to olivaceous black both top and reverse. Conidiophores were single or in groups, septate, straight or flexuous, and geniculate. Conidiogenous cells were smooth walled to finely verruculose, terminal or intercalary, proliferating sympodially, pale brown to brown, subcylindrical to swollen, and 6 to 14 × 3 to 5 μm (n = 30). Conidia were curved, pale brown to brown, 3 to 4 distoseptate, 23 × 9 μm (n = 50) with a protuberant hilum; morphology was consistent with Curvularia asianensis Manamgoda, L. Cai & K. D. Hyde, isolated from a dried Panicum sp. leaf in northern Thailand (Manamgoda et al. 2012). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and partial sequences of two protein-coding genes, namely, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1), were amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (White et al. 1990), gpd1 and gpd2 (Berbee et al. 1999), and EF983F and 2218R (Schoch et al. 2009). The ITS, GAPDH, and TEF1 sequences were compared with entries in GenBank database, through nucleotide BLAST search, and our isolates showed higher than 99% identity to the ex-type strain (MFLUCC 10-0711) of C. asianensis (ITS, JX256424; GAPDH, JX276436; and TEF1, JX266593) for these three gene regions. The three gene regions were combined into a multigene phylogenetic tree. On the basis of morphological characteristics and nucleotide homology, our isolates were confirmed as C. asianensis. For pathogenicity tests, mycelial disks (5 mm in diameter) cut from 1-week-old PDA cultures of two strains (GUCC 8601 and GUCC 8602) were placed on four healthy leaves (two inoculated points on every leaf) of an E. pinnatum plant under natural conditions on 20 November 2017 and removed after 48 h. Leaves inoculated with sterile PDA disks served as controls. Within 24 h after discs were removed, tan lesions began to appear on the leaves. Seven days after inoculation, all inoculated leaves developed blotch symptoms consistent with what was observed in nature. C. asianensis strains were reisolated from infected tissues and confirmed by the methods mentioned above. Controls remained healthy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. asianensis causing leaf blotch disease on E. pinnatum in China.

The effects of supplementing Langshan breeding hen diets with selenium (Se) and methionine (Met) on antioxidant and gel properties in the chick myofibrillar protein were assessed. Four hundred and fifty hens were randomly divided into nine treatments with five replicates each treatment and fed 1 of 9 corn soybean diets with 0, 0.30 and 0.60 mg Se/kg from Se-yeast and 3.2, 4.0 and 5.4 g Met/kg from DL-methionine, respectively. After incubation, 250 chickens each treatment were randomly divided into five replicates and fed the same diet. At 21 days old, two male chicks each replicate were slaughtered. The Met and Se supplementations of the hen diets increased the muscle tissue Se content and decreased disulfide bond and protein carbonyl contents in the muscle. The higher levels of Met and Se (5.4 g/kg Met and 0.60 mg/kg Se) significantly increased reactive sulfhydryl content in the muscle. The intermediate levels of Met and Se (4.0 g/kg Met and 0.30 mg/kg Se) significantly increased gel hardness and water-holding capacity of the gel and the higher levels of Met and Se (5.4 g/kg Met and 0.60 mg/kg Se) decreased gel hardness and water-holding capacity of the gel to an extent. The conclusion was drawn that 0.30 mg/kg Se and 4.0 mg/kg Met supplementations of the hen diets could improve the protein gel and antioxidant properties in the chick to an extent. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Protein oxidation is detrimental to meat quality. Nowadays, the most obvious strategy is that various antioxidants have been used to meat products. However, various mechanisms and substances in the body can protect against oxidation. The antioxidant system could be established in advance during the embryonic period, utilizing the micronutrients present in the egg, and ultimately dependent on the hen diet. This appears to have potential in the meat industry once it is proved to be feasible.

The effects of dietary supplementation to female chickens with selenium (Se) and methionine (Met) on the next generation were studied. Lang-shan breeding hens (450) were obtained at 52 wk of age and randomly allotted to 9 treatments; 5 replicates of each treatment were carried out. The breeders were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet (0.13 mg Se/kg) supplemented with 0, 0.30, or 0.60 mg/kg Se from Sel-Plex and 0.32%, 0.40%, or 0.54% Met for the 30-d adapting period and 70-d experiment period. Se and glutathione (GSH) concentrations, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and the oxidative stability of muscular lipids of 90-d progeny were determined by testing the TBARS values. When breeders received the highest levels of Met or Se, GSH-Px activity was decreased, the Se concentration and the oxidative stability of muscular lipids were increased with the supplementation of Se or Met. When breeder hens were given a Met-deficient diet, supplementing with Se decreased the Se deposition in progeny thigh. With regard to lipid oxidation, 0.3 mg/kg maternal dietary Se supplementation decreased the oxidative stability of muscle lipid and 0.6 mg/kg Se supplementation showed no difference from the control. When breeders were fed a Se-deficient diet, the GSH-Px activity was increased significantly and the oxidative stability of progeny muscles was decreased with the supplementation of Met. It was concluded that supplementation of the maternal diet with higher Se and Met can increase Se deposition in progeny muscle and lead to more effective protection against lipid oxidation in progeny thighs.

Four hundred fifty 52-wk-old Lang-shan breeding hens (dual-purpose type, an indigenous poultry breed of China) were randomly divided into 9 treatments with 5 replicates each treatment. They were fed corn-soybean diets with 0, 0.30, and 0.60 mg of Se/kg from Se yeast and 3.2, 4.0, and 5.4 g of dl-Met/kg, respectively. After incubation, 250 chickens each treatment were randomly divided into 5 replicates and fed the same diet. At 21 d old, 10 male chicks in each treatment were slaughtered. There results were as follows. (1) The Se content significantly increased with the increase of Se yeast supplementation (P < 0.01). (2) The carbonyl content of the myofibrillar protein significantly decreased with the increase of Met supplementation (P < 0.01) and the carbonyl content of the 0 mg of Se/kg treatment was higher than the 0.3 mg of Se/kg treatment (P < 0.01). (3) Selenium supplementation at 0.30 and 0.60 mg/kg significantly decreased malondialdehyde content compared with that of 0 mg of Se/kg (P < 0.01) and 4.0 and 5.4 g of Met/kg supplementation significantly decreased malondialdehyde content compared with that of 3.2 g of Met/kg (P < 0.01). (4) Supplementation of Met at 5.4 g/kg significantly increased International Commission on Illumination a* value compared with 3.2 and 4.0 g of Met/kg (P < 0.01). Supplementation of Se at 0.6 mg/kg significantly increased a* value compared 0 and 0.3 mg of Se/kg (P < 0.01) and 0 mg of Se/kg significantly increased b* value compared with 0.30 and 0.60 mg of Se/kg (P < 0.01). (5) Selenium supplemented at 0.30 and 0.60 mg/kg decreased drip loss compared with 0 mg of Se/kg and 4.0 and 5.4 g of Met/kg decreased drip loss compared with 3.2 g of Met/kg, respectively. The conclusion was drawn that Met and Se yeast supplementation of the maternal diets could improve color, water-holding capacity, and oxidative stability of male offspring meat to an extent.

To enable robots to learn handover orientations from observing natural handovers, we conduct a user study to measure and compare natural handover orientations with giver-centered and receiver-centered handover orientations for twenty common objects. We use a distance minimization approach to compute mean handover orientations. We posit that, computed means of receiver-centered orientations could be used by robot givers to achieve more efficient and socially acceptable handovers. Furthermore, we introduce the notion of affordance axes for comparing handover orientations, and offer a definition for computing them. Observable patterns were found in receiver-centered handover orientations. Comparisons show that depending on the object, natural handover orientations may not be receiver-centered; thus, robots may need to distinguish between good and bad handover orientations when learning from natural handovers.

Fresh harvested Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cv. YongFeng) were subjected to heat treatments. Based on preliminary experiments, four treatment conditions were applied to strawberries by exposure to hot air (46°C, 1 h and 48°C, 30 min) and immersion in hot water (44°C, 20 min and 46°C, 15 min). Afterwards, the fruits respiration and quality were monitored after 1 day of cold storage (1°C) and during 3 days of shelf life (18°C) conditions. It was found that fruits with heat treatments had weaker respiration. Hot water immersion was effective in control of Rhizopus stolonifer which is one category of mold often causing postharvest decay of strawberry. Fruits heated at 48°C, 30 min with hot air and 44°C, 20 min with hot water had higher quality values than others.

A robot that can fluently hand over objects to people can be useful in many applications. In an effort to develop a fluent robot-to-human handover system, this work investigates people's behavioural responses to a robot that hands over objects to them while using different types of gaze cues. In our previous work, we found empirical evidence that the use of a robot's head gaze can affect a person's timing of reaching towards the offered object. In this paper, we investigate this effect further by exploring the manner in which human's reaching and gaze behaviours are affected by a robot's head gaze. We conducted a video-based investigation of 97 naive participants' behavioural responses to robot-to-human handovers. Through a frame-by-frame analysis, we recorded a detailed timeline of the robot's and human's gaze and reaching behaviours. Results confirm the finding from our previous study that the robot's head gaze can significantly impact the timing of human receiver's reaching behaviour during handovers. In addition, our results demonstrate that the robot's head gaze affects human's gaze behaviour during handovers, and this effect explains some unexpected findings in our previous work.

This paper is concerned with the determination of displacement and strain fields within the interfacial region of a bimaterial specimen under shear loading. The analysis is based on the couple stress theory. The measurements are made by means of phase shift moiré interferometry which has been recognized as a useful measuring method by combining moiré interferometry with the phase shift technique and image processing. The results obtained by phase shift moiré interferometry show that the distribution of the shear strain, rotation angle and rotation gradient at the interface region are changing rapidly. The results show good agreement with those predicted by stress couple theory.

In this paper we provide empirical evidence that using humanlike gaze cues during human-robot handovers can improve the timing and perceived quality of the handover event. Handovers serve as the foundation of many human-robot tasks. Fluent, legible handover interactions require appropriate nonverbal cues to signal handover intent, location and timing. Inspired by observations of human-human handovers, we implemented gaze behaviors on a PR2 humanoid robot. The robot handed over water bottles to a total of 102 naive subjects while varying its gaze behaviour: no gaze, gaze designed to elicit shared attention at the handover location, and the shared attention gaze complemented with a turntaking cue. We compared subject perception of and reaction time to the robot-initiated handovers across the three gaze conditions. Results indicate that subjects reach for the offered object significantly earlier when a robot provides a shared attention gaze cue during a handover. We also observed a statistical trend of subjects preferring handovers with turn-taking gaze cues over the other conditions. Our work demonstrates that gaze can play a key role in improving user experience of human-robot handovers, and help make handovers fast and fluent.Categories and Subject Descriptors I.2.9 [Robotics]: Operator interfaces, Commercial robots and applications; H.1.2 [User/Machine Systems]: Human FactorsGeneral TermsExperimentation, Design, Human Factors, Verification.

As the events during critical development periods may influence long-term or life-time structure and function of the body (Angelbeck and Du Bru 1983; Lucasand others 1990, 1996; Snoeck and others 1990; Desaiand others 1995, 1996), the impact of breeders nutrition on nutritional status of off springs has received considerable attention. Selenium (Se) and methionine (Met) are 2 essential substances for poultry nutrition. Se is an essential component of a variety of selenoproteins, the best known of which is glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The GSH-Px family of enzymes is a crucial player in the integrated antioxidant system, neutralizing potential threats to the integrity of cellular macromolecules by eliminating hydrogen peroxide and detoxifying lipid hydro peroxides (BrigeliusFlohe1999). Se derived from the diet of the female bird is deposited in the egg and is distributed among the developing tissues during embryo genesis (Ga alandothers1995; Surai2000; Paton and others2002). Consequently, GSH-Px is expressed in the chicken embryo in a tissue and stage-specific manner(Wilson and others1992; Ga aland others1995; Surai1999). Supplementary Se in the diet of the hen was shown to increase the concentration of this element in the egg and in the tissues of the chick at hatch, and to elevate the expression of GSH-Px, while reducing the generation of lipid peroxides in the liver of the day-old chick(Surai2000; Paton and others2002). Pappas and others(2005) have shown that dietary supplementation of the female chicken with Se increased Se concentrations and GSH-Px activity in blood, liver, and breast of chicks for 2 to 4 wk post hatch. Surai(2000) also revealed that the effects of maternal Se supplementation remained significantly after10 d of hatching. Methionine is considered to be the 1st limiting factor in classical diets used for growing chickens that plays unique roles, both in protein structure and in metabolism (Baker 2006). Methionine, an essential dietary amino acid, is used to synthesize proteins and other amino acids. Cysteine and homocysteine are produced during Met metabolism. In most cells

We demonstrate a novel interaction paradigm driven by implicit, low-attention user control, accomplished by monitoring a user's physiological state. We have designed and prototyped this interaction for a first use case of bookmarking an audio stream, to holistically explore the implicit interaction concept. A listener's galvanic skin conductance (GSR) is monitored for orienting responses (ORs) to external interruptions; our research prototype then automatically bookmarks the media such that the user can attend to the interruption, then resume listening from the point heshe is interrupted.

Four hundred fifty 52-wk-old Langshan layer hens (dual-purpose type, an indigenous poultry breed of China) were randomly divided into 9 treatments with 5 replicates in each treatment. Birds were fed corn-soybean diets (0.13 mg of Se/kg) supplemented with 0, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/kg of Se from Se yeast and 3.2, 4.0, and 5.4 g of dl-Met/kg, respectively. Increasing Se yeast supplementation significantly increased Se concentration in the egg yolk (P0.01) and the Se concentration of the 3.2 g of Met/kg treatment was higher than those of the 4.0 and 5.4 g of Met/kg treatments. Adding 0.3 mg of Se/kg to the diet significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the egg yolk compared with 0 and 0.6 mg of Se/kg (P0.01) and increasing Se yeast supplementation significantly increased the GSH-Px activity in the egg albumen (P0.01). Increasing Met supplementation significantly decreased the GSH-Px activity in both the yolk and the albumen of the eggs (P0.01). Methionine supplemented at 3.2 and 4.0 g/kg significantly increased glutathione concentration in the egg yolk compared with 5.4 g of Met/kg (P0.01) and increasing Met supplementation increased the glutathione concentration in the egg albumen. Increasing Met supplementation significantly decreased malondialdehyde concentration in the egg yolk (P0.01) and Se supplemented at 0 and 0.6 mg/kg increased the malondialdehyde concentrations in the egg yolk compared with 0.3 mg of Se/kg (P0.01). Methionine supplemented at 4.0 and 5.4 g/kg significantly decreased carbonyl concentration compared with 3.2 g of Met/kg. The conclusion was drawn that Se yeast and Met supplementation of the maternal diets could enhance antioxidant activity of breeding eggs.

Photon Burst Mass Spectrometry has been used to measure {sup 85}Kr in a sample with an abundance of 6 x 10{sup {minus}9}. Improvements in detection efficiency by the use of avalanche photodiodes cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature are reported, which should make possible measurement of {sup 85}Kr at the ambient atmospheric abundance of 10{sup {minus}11}. Potential applications include nuclear monitoring, atmospheric transport, and dating young ground water up to 40 years.

Photon Burst Mass Spectrometry has been used to measure {sup 85}Kr in a sample with an abundance of 6 x 10{sup {minus}9}. Improvements in detection efficiency by the use of avalanche photodiodes cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature are reported, which should make possible measurement of {sup 85}Kr at the ambient atmospheric abundance of 10{sup {minus}11}. Potential applications include nuclear monitoring, atmospheric transport, and dating young ground water up to 40 years.

Photon burst mass spectrometrY-UltraSefl5itiVe detection of rare isotopesC. S. Hansen, X.-J. Pan and W. M. Fairbank, Jr.Colorado State University, Physics Department, Fort Collins, CO 80523H. Oona, E. P. Chamberlin, N. S. Nogar and B. L. FeareyLos Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545ABSTRACTProgress is reported on the development of a new technique for measurement of trace levels of radioisotopes which isbased on fluorescence detection of output from a mass spectrometer. Significant achievements include the observation offluorescence and burst signals from Kr isotopes, including enriched samples of 85Kr with a 4-collector system. An isotopicabundance sensitivity of about icr8 is demonstrated with 83Kr and 85Kr.Keywords: krypton, mass spectrometry, photon burst, rare isotope detection

p-type conduction in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) films was achieved by beryllium implantation and subsequent rapid thermal annealing treatment. The dependence of phase composition and electrical properties of hBN films on the implantation fluence and annealing was studied. A maximum resistivity reduction by six orders of magnitude was demonstrated. Hall measurements revealed a corresponding hole concentration of 3×1019 cm−3 and mobility of 27 cm2/V s. The activation energy of Be ions was estimated to be 0.21 eV. It is suggested that hBN is a promising wide bandgap semiconductor for applications in high-temperature electronic devices and transparent conductive coatings.

By electrolysis of the N,N-dimethylformamide solution, an attempt was made to simultaneously deposit diamondlike carbon (DLC) films on both surfaces of an aluminum (Al) substrate. Raman spectra showed that the structures of the DLC film were uniform. The thickness distribution of the film was 260–300 nm. A simple model of the sustaining mechanism was proposed for simultaneous electrodeposition of the DLC film on both surfaces of conductive substrates. The simultaneous formation of the DLC film on both surfaces of the Al substrate showed a possibility in the three-dimensional deposition of DLC films on complex conductive substrates.

Terbium (Tb)-doped Zn3N2 thin films were prepared on glass and Si substrates by direct current magnetron sputtering in a mixture of pure argon and nitrogen gases. Glancing incidence x-ray diffraction patterns indicated that Zn3N2:Tb thin films were of cubic structure. Raman spectra showed only two Raman-active phonon modes located at 258 and 565 cm−1. The indirect optical band gap of Zn3N2:Tb was determined as 2.4 eV. The sharp characteristic emission lines corresponding to Tb3+ intra-4f shell transitions were resolved in the photoluminescence spectra at room temperature. Those results suggest that Tb-doped Zn3N2 may be a suitable material for visible optoelectronic devices.