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Abstract To assess choroidal thickness (CT) in children with type 1diabetes (T1D) regarding their pubertal status and seek for factors influencing this parameter, using optical coherence tomography. Material and methods: 333 eyes out of 167 children with T1D without symptoms of diabetic retinopathy (mean age 12.81 ± 3.63 years, diabetes duration 4.59 ± 3.71 years) were enrolled. CT in all quadrants was evaluated. The studied population was divided into three groups: prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal. The multivariate regression model was carried out using all metabolic parameter and then it was built using only the significant ones. Results: Significant differences in CT between males and females, except nasal and superior quadrants were observed. We revealed significant differences in CT between the three independent groups (Chi-square 18.6, p

Copyright of Journal of Laboratory Diagnostics / Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To assess the influence of thyroid hormones status and coexistence of autoimmune thyroiditis on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) results in children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Research Design and Methods: In the prospective, observational study (n = 175) we analyzed the impact of thyroid hormones on OCT results and the differences between the matched groups of children with T1D (n = 84; age = 13.14 ± 3.6; diabetes duration = 5.99 ± 3.3 years) and the children with T1D and autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) (n = 20; age = 13.94 ± 3.6; diabetes duration = 6.7 ± 4 years). We analyzed the following parameters: fovea avascular zone (FAZ), foveal thickness (FT), parafoveal thickness (PFT), ganglion cell complex (GCC), loss volume (global‐GLV, focal‐FLV), capillary vessel density: superficial (whole‐wsVD, foveal‐fsVD, parafoveal‐psVD), and deep (whole‐wdVD, foveal‐fdVD, parafoveal‐pdVD. The differences between the groups were tested by the unpaired t‐Student test, Mann–Whitney U test as appropriate, whereas p level.05 was recognized as significant. Results: We detected the significant correlations between thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level and PFT (r = −0.14; p <.05), psVD (r = −0.18; p <.005). The level of free triiodothyronine (FT3) was correlated with psVD (r = −0.14; p <.05). We found significant correlation between free thyroxine (FT4) and fsVD (r = −0.17; p <.01). In the studied T1D and AT groups there were statistical differences in FT (p <.005), PFT (p <.03), GCC (p <.01), and GLV (p <.003). We did not observe any significant differences in the FAZ area between the groups. Conclusions: In our patients the co–occurrence of T1D and AT worsens the status of retinal parameters. Further studies are necessary to observe these relations and their potential influence on the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (DR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The seasonal variation of incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) theory supports the hypothesis that environmental factors play a role in the onset of the disease. The aim of this study is to assess seasonality of month of diagnosis in children with T1D in Poland. Material and methods the study group consisted of 2174 children from eastern and central Poland diagnosed with T1D between 2010 and 2014. Analysis was performed in different age groups, based on place of residence (rural/urban area) and depending on sex. Results We noted significant seasonality in the incidence of T1D with a peak in diagnosis of diabetes in January and the minimum rate in June. A total of 423 (19%) children were diagnosed in the warmest months (June to August with a mean temperature of 16.8°C) compared to 636 (29%) recognised in the coldest months (December to February with a mean temperature of −1.6°C), OR 0.57 95%CI [0.51-0.67], p<0.0001. We noted a more flat seasonal pattern in children 0-4 years of age compared with subjects 5–17 years old with a week correlation of trend comparison between both groups, r=0.69, p=0.001. Similar seasonal variation in the incidence of T1D was noted in children from urban and rural setting. For girls, seasonal pattern peaks were observed one month earlier as compared to boys. Conclusions Seasonal variation in incidence of T1D diagnosis of Polish children supports the role of different environmental factors in diabetes onset. The majority of children were diagnosed with diabetes in autumn and winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology / Endokrynologia Pediatryczna is the property of Proqurat Andrzej Prokurat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) is the mental processes of intrauterine fetal growth. SGA (small for gestational age) is a state of deficiency birth weight and / or length if the infant is less than -2 SDS in relation to the reference standards for gestational age and gender. Children born with IUGR are threatened greater risk of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The results of a study conducted in 2002-2004 in the group of 118 Polish children with IUGR confirmed by scientific reports on the risk of insulin resistance. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (insulin resistance) in children born SGA in prepubertal and pubertal age, compared with a control group of children with normal birth weight and body length (AGA-apropriate for gestational age). Material and Metods. For the study group enrolled 118 children born in prepubertal SGA age (7.8 ± 1,6lat) (group A) and 14 children in this age group (16.06 ± 1.7 years) (group B). All patients underwent oral glucose tolerance test, marked insulin resistance markers: HOMA IR, QUICKI. The above parameters are compared both between groups A and B as well as infants born AGA prepubertal age (group C) and juvenile (group D). Results. Significantly higher values of: HOMA IR, lower QUICKI in children with SGA in adolescence (group B) compared with younger children (group A). Higher HOMAIR and lower QUICKI values were obtained in children born with AGA in pubertal age (group D) compared to prepubertal AGA (group C). Significant differences in BMI was estimated in pubertal group vs prepubertal in SGA and AGA patients. No differences HOMA IR,QUICKI and BMI were in SGA and AGA pubertal groups. Conclusion. Dynamizm disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, which could lead to type 2 diabetes in children born SGA significantly increases with age. However, there were no differences in insulin resistance markers between SGA and AGA groups during the puberty period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) has still not been fully described. We retrospectively analysed data of 147 patients and compared groups according to genetic diagnosis: paternal deletion of chromosome 15q11-q13 (DEL 15, n = 81), maternal uniparental disomy (UPD 15, n = 10), excluded DEL 15 (UPD 15 or imprinting centre defect, UPD/ID, n = 30). Group DEL 15 had an earlier genetic diagnosis and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) start (p = 0.00), with a higher insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) level compared to group UPD/ID (p = 0.04). Among perinatal characteristics, there was only a tendency towards lower birth weight SDS in group UPD 15 (p = 0.06). We also compared data at rhGH start in relation to genetic diagnosis age—group 1: age ≤9 months, group 2: >9 months ≤ 2 years, group 3: > 2 years. Group 1 had the earliest rhGH start (p = 0.00), with lower body mass index (BMI) SDS (p = 0.00) and a tendency towards a higher IGF1 level compared to group 3 (p = 0.05). Genetic background in children with PWS is related to time of diagnosis and rhGH start, with a difference in IGF1 level before the therapy, but it seems to have little impact on perinatal data. Early genetic diagnosis leads to early rhGH treatment with favourable lower BMI SDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) are commonly present in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment is reported to improve breathing function in PWS, but the findings are not explicit., Material and Methods: Screening polysomnography- polygraphy (PSG), assessing nasal respiratory flow, respiratory effort, and blood oxygen saturation, was used. Group 1 - before rhGH therapy (n = 11, mean age 3.0 years); PSG was repeated after the start of rhGH therapy in a mean time of 0.9 years in six patients (Group 1a). Group 2 - on rhGH treatment, for a mean time of four years (n = 17, mean age 8.8 years). Group 3 - without rhGH therapy due to severe obesity (n = 8, mean age 13.1 years)., Results: Group 1 - mean apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) was 10.2, oxygen desaturation index (ODI)- 36.3, Group 1a- AHI 12.0, ODI 60.9, Group 2-AHI 9.0, ODI 25.1, Group 3- AHI 8.2, ODI 22.0. ODI was significantly higher in Group 1a than in the other groups (p < 0.005), but not strictly related to SRBD. The results in Group 2 did not differ significantly from those of Group 1., Conclusions: Our study proves the high frequency of SRBD among PWS patients, with worsening of ODI after short-term rhGH therapy.