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1. Mars Astrobiological Cave and Internal habitability Explorer (MACIE): A New Frontiers Mission Concept

Author

Phillips-Lander, Charity M., Agha-Mohammadi, Ali, Wynne, J. J., Titus, Timothy N., Chanover, Nancy, Demirel-Floyd, Cansu, Uckert, Kyle, Williams, Kaj, Wyrick, Danielle, Blank, Jen, Boston, Penelope, Mitchell, Karl, Kereszturi, Akos, Martin-Torres, Javier, Shkolyar, Svetlana, Bardebelias, Nicole, Datta, Saugata, Retherford, Kurt, Sam, Lydia, Bhardwaj, Anshuman, Fairen, Alberto, Flannery, David, and Weins, Roger

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Martian subsurface habitability and astrobiology can be evaluated via a lava tube cave, without drilling. MACIE addresses two key goals of the Decadal Survey (2013-2022) and three MEPAG goals. New advances in robotic architectures, autonomous navigation, target sample selection, and analysis will enable MACIE to explore the Martian subsurface., Comment: This paper was submitted to the Planetary and Astrobiology Decadal Survey in August 2020

Published
2021

3. THEO Concept Mission: Testing the Habitability of Enceladus's Ocean

Author

MacKenzie, Shannon M., Caswell, Tess E., Phillips-Lander, Charity M., Stavros, E. Natasha, Hofgartner, Jason D., Sun, Vivian Z., Powell, Kathryn E., Steuer, Casey J., O'Rourke, Joesph G., Dhaliwal, Jasmeet K., Leung, Cecilia W. S., Petro, Elaine M., Wynne, J. Judson, Phan, Samson, Crismani, Matteo, Krishnamurthy, Akshata, John, Kristen K., DeBruin, Kevin, Budney, Charles J., and Mitchell, Karl L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Saturn's moon Enceladus offers a unique opportunity in the search for life and habitable environments beyond Earth, a key theme of the National Research Council's 2013-2022 Decadal Survey. A plume of water vapor and ice spews from Enceladus's south polar region. Cassini data suggest that this plume, sourced by a liquid reservoir beneath the moon's icy crust, contain organics, salts, and water-rock interaction derivatives. Thus, the ingredients for life as we know it-- liquid water, chemistry, and energy sources-- are available in Enceladus's subsurface ocean. We have only to sample the plumes to investigate this hidden ocean environment. We present a New Frontiers class, solar-powered Enceladus orbiter that would take advantage of this opportunity, Testing the Habitability of Enceladus's Ocean (THEO). Developed by the 2015 Jet Propulsion Laboratory Planetary Science Summer School student participants under the guidance of TeamX, this mission concept includes remote sensing and in situ analyses with a mass spectrometer, a sub-mm radiometer-spectrometer, a camera, and two magnetometers. These instruments were selected to address four key questions for ascertaining the habitability of Enceladus's ocean within the context of the moon's geological activity: (1) How are the plumes and ocean connected? (2) Are the abiotic conditions of the ocean suitable for habitability? (3) How stable is the ocean environment? (4) Is there evidence of biological processes? By taking advantage of the opportunity Enceladus's plumes offer, THEO represents a viable, solar-powered option for exploring a potentially habitable ocean world of the outer solar system., Comment: JPL Summer School 2015

Published
2016
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6. Scientists’ Warning on the Conservation of Subterranean Ecosystems

Author

MAMMOLA, STEFANO, CARDOSO, PEDRO, CULVER, DAVID C., DEHARVENG, LOUIS, FERREIRA, RODRIGO L., FIŠER, CENE, GALASSI, DIANA M. P., GRIEBLER, CHRISTIAN, HALSE, STUART, HUMPHREYS, WILLIAM F, ISAIA, MARCO, MALARD, FLORIAN, MARTINEZ, ALEJANDRO, MOLDOVAN, OANA T., NIEMILLER, MATTHEW L., PAVLEK, MARTINA, REBOLEIRA, ANA SOFIA P. S., SOUZA-SILVA, MARCONI, TEELING, EMMA C., WYNNE, J. JUDSON, and ZAGMAJSTER, MAJA

Published
2019

15. A roadmap for planetary caves science and exploration

Author

Titus, Timothy N., Wynne, J. Judson, Malaska, Michael J., Agha-Mohammadi, Ali-akbar, Buhler, Peter B., Alexander, E. Calvin, Ashley, James W., Azua-Bustos, Armando, Boston, Penelope J., Buczkowski, Debra L., Chiao, Leroy, Cushing, Glen E., DeDecker, John, de León, Pablo, Demirel-Floyd, Cansu, De Waele, Jo, Fairén, Alberto G., Frumkin, Amos, Harris, Gary L., Jones, Heather, Kerber, Laura H., Leonard, Erin J., Léveillé, Richard J., Manyapu, Kavya, Massironi, Matteo, Miller, Ana Z., Mylroie, John E., Onac, Bogdan P., Parazynski, Scott, Phillips, Cynthia B., Phillips-Lander, Charity M., Prettyman, Thomas H., Sapers, Haley M., Sauro, Francesco, Schorghofer, Norbert, Schulze-Makuch, Dirk, Scully, Jennifer E., Uckert, Kyle, Wagner, Robert V., Whittaker, William L., Williams, Kaj E., and Wong, Uland Y.

Published
2021
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16. Feather lead concentrations and (207)Pb/(206)Pb ratios reveal lead exposure history of California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus).

Author

Finkelstein, M E ME, George, D D, Scherbinski, S S, Gwiazda, R R, Johnson, M M, Burnett, J J, Brandt, J J, Lawrey, S S, Pessier, A P AP, Clark, M M, Wynne, J J, Grantham, J J, and Smith, D R DR

Abstract

Lead poisoning is a primary factor impeding the survival and recovery of the critically endangered California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus). However, the frequency and magnitude of lead exposure in condors is not well-known in part because most blood lead monitoring occurs biannually, and biannual blood samples capture only approximately 10% of a bird's annual exposure history. We investigated the use of growing feathers from free-flying condors in California to establish a bird's lead exposure history. We show that lead concentration and stable lead isotopic composition analyses of sequential feather sections and concurrently collected blood samples provided a comprehensive history of lead exposure over the 2-4 month period of feather growth. Feather analyses identified exposure events not evident from blood monitoring efforts, and by fitting an empirically derived timeline to actively growing feathers, we were able to estimate the time frame for specific lead exposure events. Our results demonstrate the utility of using sequentially sampled feathers to reconstruct lead exposure history. Since exposure risk in individuals is one determinant of population health, our findings should increase the understanding of population-level effects from lead poisoning in condors; this information may also be helpful for other avian species potentially impacted by lead poisoning.

Published
2010

19. Robotic device for manipulating human stepping

Author

Emken, J L, Wynne, J H, Harkema, S J, and Reinkensmeyer, D J

Subjects
linear motor, locomotion, motion measurement, robots
Abstract

This paper provides a detailed design description and technical testing results of a device for studying motor learning and rehabilitation of human locomotion. The device makes use of linear motors and a parallel mechanism to achieve a wide dynamic force bandwidth as it interacts with the leg during treadmill stepping.

Published
2006

20. Manufacturing Yield Improvement for Advanced CMOS Technology Middle-of-Line Interconnect with Cobalt Metallization : YE: YieldEnhancement/Learning

Author

Fan, S.-C., primary, Jamison, P., additional, Pancharatnam, S., additional, Sankarapandian, M., additional, Xie, R., additional, Waskiewicz, C., additional, Strane, J., additional, Lee, J., additional, Shobha, H., additional, Demarest, J., additional, Peethala, C., additional, Jagannathan, H., additional, and Wynne, J., additional

Published
2023
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23. Fundamental Science and Engineering Questions in Planetary Cave Exploration

Author

Wynne, J. Judson, primary, Titus, Timothy N., additional, Agha‐Mohammadi, Ali‐akbar, additional, Azua‐Bustos, Armando, additional, Boston, Penelope J., additional, de León, Pablo, additional, Demirel‐Floyd, Cansu, additional, De Waele, Jo, additional, Jones, Heather, additional, Malaska, Michael J., additional, Miller, Ana Z., additional, Sapers, Haley M., additional, Sauro, Francesco, additional, Sonderegger, Derek L., additional, Uckert, Kyle, additional, Wong, Uland Y., additional, Alexander, E. Calvin, additional, Chiao, Leroy, additional, Cushing, Glen E., additional, DeDecker, John, additional, Fairén, Alberto G., additional, Frumkin, Amos, additional, Harris, Gary L., additional, Kearney, Michelle L., additional, Kerber, Laura, additional, Léveillé, Richard J., additional, Manyapu, Kavya, additional, Massironi, Matteo, additional, Mylroie, John E., additional, Onac, Bogdan P., additional, Parazynski, Scott E., additional, Phillips‐Lander, Charity M., additional, Prettyman, Thomas H., additional, Schulze‐Makuch, Dirk, additional, Wagner, Robert V., additional, Whittaker, William L., additional, and Williams, Kaj E., additional

Published
2022
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24. Planetary Caves: A Solar System View of Processes and Products

Author

Wynne, J. Judson, primary, Mylroie, John E., additional, Titus, Timothy N., additional, Malaska, Michael J., additional, Buczkowski, Debra L., additional, Buhler, Peter B., additional, Byrne, Paul K., additional, Cushing, Glen E., additional, Davies, Ashley Gerard, additional, Frumkin, Amos, additional, Hansen‐Koharcheck, Candice, additional, Hiatt, Victoria, additional, Hofgartner, Jason D., additional, Hoogenboom, Trudi, additional, Horodyskyj, Ulyana, additional, Hughson, Kynan, additional, Kerber, Laura, additional, Landis, Margaret, additional, Leonard, Erin J., additional, Lesage, Elodie, additional, Lucchetti, Alice, additional, Massironi, Matteo, additional, Mitchell, Karl L., additional, Penasa, Luca, additional, Phillips, Cynthia B., additional, Pozzobon, Riccardo, additional, Radebaugh, Jani, additional, Sauro, Francesco, additional, Wagner, Robert V., additional, and Watters, Thomas R., additional

Published
2022
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30. Brazilian cave heritage under siege

Author

Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, Bernard, Enrico, da Cruz Júnior, Francisco William, Piló, Luis Beethoven, Calux, Allan, Souza-Silva, Marconi, Barlow, Jos, Pompeu, Paulo S., Cardoso, Pedro, Mammola, Stefano, García, Alejandro Martínez, Jeffery, William R., Shear, William, Medellín, Rodrigo A., Wynne, J. Judson, Borges, Paulo A. V., Kamimura, Yoshitaka, Pipan, Tanja, Hajna, Nadja Zupan, Sendra, Alberto, Peck, Stewart, Onac, Bogdan P., Culver, David C., Hoch, Hannelore, Flot, Jean-François, Stoch, Fabio, Pavlek, Martina, Niemiller, Matthew L., Manchi, Shirish, Deharveng, Louis, Fenolio, Danté, Calaforra, José-María, Yager, Jill, Griebler, Christian, Nader, Fadi Henri, Humphreys, William F., Hughes, Alice C., Fenton, Brock, Forti, Paolo, Sauro, Francesco, Veni, George, Frumkin, Amos, Gavish-Regev, Efrat, Fišer, Cene, Trontelj, Peter, Zagmajster, Maja, Delic, Teo, Galassi, Diana M. P., Vaccarelli, Ilaria, Komnenov, Marjan, Gainett, Guilherme, da Cunha Tavares, Valeria, Kováč, Ľubomír, Miller, Ana Z., Yoshizawa, Kazunori, Di Lorenzo, Tiziana, Moldovan, Oana T., Sánchez-Fernández, David, Moutaouakil, Soumia, Howarth, Francis, Bilandžija, Helena, Dražina, Tvrtko, Kuharić, Nikolina, Butorac, Valerija, Lienhard, Charles, Cooper, Steve J. B., Eme, David, Strauss, André Menezes, Saccò, Mattia, Zhao, Yahui, Williams, Paul, Tian, Mingyi, Tanalgo, Krizler, Woo, Kyung-Sik, Barjakovic, Miran, McCracken, Gary F., Simmons, Nancy B, Racey, Paul A., Ford, Derek, Labegalini, José Ayrton, Colzato, Nivaldo, Ramos Pereira, Maria João, Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S., Moratelli, Ricardo, Du Preez, Gerhard, Pérez-González, Abel, Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., Gunn, John, Mc Cartney, Ann, Bobrowiec, Paulo E. D., Milko, Dmitry, Kinuthia, Wanja, Fischer, Erich, Meierhofer, Melissa B., Frick, Winifred F, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, Bernard, Enrico, da Cruz Júnior, Francisco William, Piló, Luis Beethoven, Calux, Allan, Souza-Silva, Marconi, Barlow, Jos, Pompeu, Paulo S., Cardoso, Pedro, Mammola, Stefano, García, Alejandro Martínez, Jeffery, William R., Shear, William, Medellín, Rodrigo A., Wynne, J. Judson, Borges, Paulo A. V., Kamimura, Yoshitaka, Pipan, Tanja, Hajna, Nadja Zupan, Sendra, Alberto, Peck, Stewart, Onac, Bogdan P., Culver, David C., Hoch, Hannelore, Flot, Jean-François, Stoch, Fabio, Pavlek, Martina, Niemiller, Matthew L., Manchi, Shirish, Deharveng, Louis, Fenolio, Danté, Calaforra, José-María, Yager, Jill, Griebler, Christian, Nader, Fadi Henri, Humphreys, William F., Hughes, Alice C., Fenton, Brock, Forti, Paolo, Sauro, Francesco, Veni, George, Frumkin, Amos, Gavish-Regev, Efrat, Fišer, Cene, Trontelj, Peter, Zagmajster, Maja, Delic, Teo, Galassi, Diana M. P., Vaccarelli, Ilaria, Komnenov, Marjan, Gainett, Guilherme, da Cunha Tavares, Valeria, Kováč, Ľubomír, Miller, Ana Z., Yoshizawa, Kazunori, Di Lorenzo, Tiziana, Moldovan, Oana T., Sánchez-Fernández, David, Moutaouakil, Soumia, Howarth, Francis, Bilandžija, Helena, Dražina, Tvrtko, Kuharić, Nikolina, Butorac, Valerija, Lienhard, Charles, Cooper, Steve J. B., Eme, David, Strauss, André Menezes, Saccò, Mattia, Zhao, Yahui, Williams, Paul, Tian, Mingyi, Tanalgo, Krizler, Woo, Kyung-Sik, Barjakovic, Miran, McCracken, Gary F., Simmons, Nancy B, Racey, Paul A., Ford, Derek, Labegalini, José Ayrton, Colzato, Nivaldo, Ramos Pereira, Maria João, Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S., Moratelli, Ricardo, Du Preez, Gerhard, Pérez-González, Abel, Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., Gunn, John, Mc Cartney, Ann, Bobrowiec, Paulo E. D., Milko, Dmitry, Kinuthia, Wanja, Fischer, Erich, Meierhofer, Melissa B., and Frick, Winifred F

Published
2022

31. Towards evidence-based conservation of subterranean ecosystems (2022)

Author

European Commission, Mammola, Stefano, Meierhofer, Melissa B., Borges, Paulo A.V., Colado, Raquel, Culver, David C., Deharveng, Louis, Delic,Teo, Di Lorenzo, Tiziana, Dražina, Tvrtko, Ferreira, Rodrigo L., Fiasca, Barbara, Fišer, Cene, Galassi, Diana M. P., Garzoli, Laura, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, Griebler, Christian, Halse, Stuart, Howarth, Francis G., Isaia, Marco, Johnson, Joseph S., Komericki, Ana, Martínez, Alejandro, Milano, Filippo, Moldovan, Oana T., Nanni, Veronica, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Niemiller, Matthew L., Pallarés, Susana, Pavlek, Martina, Piano, Elena, Pipan, Tanja, Sánchez-Fernández, David, Santangeli, Andrea, Schmidt, Susanne I., Wynne, J. Judson, Zagmajster, Maja, Zakšek, Valerija, Cardoso, Pedro, European Commission, Mammola, Stefano, Meierhofer, Melissa B., Borges, Paulo A.V., Colado, Raquel, Culver, David C., Deharveng, Louis, Delic,Teo, Di Lorenzo, Tiziana, Dražina, Tvrtko, Ferreira, Rodrigo L., Fiasca, Barbara, Fišer, Cene, Galassi, Diana M. P., Garzoli, Laura, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, Griebler, Christian, Halse, Stuart, Howarth, Francis G., Isaia, Marco, Johnson, Joseph S., Komericki, Ana, Martínez, Alejandro, Milano, Filippo, Moldovan, Oana T., Nanni, Veronica, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Niemiller, Matthew L., Pallarés, Susana, Pavlek, Martina, Piano, Elena, Pipan, Tanja, Sánchez-Fernández, David, Santangeli, Andrea, Schmidt, Susanne I., Wynne, J. Judson, Zagmajster, Maja, Zakšek, Valerija, and Cardoso, Pedro

Abstract

Subterranean ecosystems are among the most widespread environments on Earth, yet we still have poor knowledge of their biodiversity. To raise awareness of subterranean ecosystems, the essential services they provide, and their unique conservation challenges, 2021 and 2022 were designated International Years of Caves and Karst. As these ecosystems have traditionally been overlooked in global conservation agendas and multilateral agreements, a quantitative assessment of solution-based approaches to safeguard subterranean biota and associated habitats is timely. This assessment allows researchers and practitioners to understand the progress made and research needs in subterranean ecology and management. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature focused on subterranean ecosystems globally (terrestrial, freshwater, and saltwater systems), to quantify the available evidence-base for the effectiveness of conservation interventions. We selected 708 publications from the years 1964 to 2021 that discussed, recommended, or implemented 1,954 conservation interventions in subterranean ecosystems. We noted a steep increase in the number of studies from the 2000s while, surprisingly, the proportion of studies quantifying the impact of conservation interventions has steadily and significantly decreased in recent years. The effectiveness of 31% of conservation interventions has been tested statistically. We further highlight that 64% of the reported research occurred in the Palearctic and Nearctic biogeographic regions. Assessments of the effectiveness of conservation interventions were heavily biased towards indirect measures (monitoring and risk assessment), a limited sample of organisms (mostly arthropods and bats), and more accessible systems (terrestrial caves). Our results indicate that most conservation science in the field of subterranean biology does not apply a rigorous quantitative approach, resulting in sparse evidence for the effectiveness of

Published
2022

32. Fundamental Science and Engineering Questions in Planetary Cave Exploration

Author

Human Frontier Science Program, NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), California Institute of Technology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Wynne, Judson [0000-0003-0408-0629], Titus, Timothy N. [0000-0003-0700-4875], Azua-Bustos, Armando [0000-0002-6590-4145], Boston, Penelope Jane [0000-0002-0652-3473], León, Pablo G. de [0000-0002-6046-8700], Waele, J. de [0000-0001-5325-5208], Jones, Heather L. [0000-0001-9503-8746], Malaska, Michael J. [0000-0003-0064-5258], Miller, A. Z. [0000-0002-0553-8470], Sonderegger, Derek [0000-0001-5151-8588], Uckert, Kyle [0000-0002-0859-5526], Wong, Uland [0000-0002-3642-6236], Cushing, Glen E. [0000-0002-9673-8207], Fairén, Alberto G. [0000-0002-2938-6010], Frumkin, Amos [0000-0002-2028-4210], Kearney, Michelle [0000-0003-1279-2511], Kerber, Laura H. [0000-0002-6092-9722], Massironi, M. [0000-0002-7757-8818], Onac, Bogdan P. [0000-0003-2332-6858], Parazynski, Scott E. [0000-0002-2759-8925], Phillips-Lander, Charity M. [0000-0003-1064-8196], Prettyman, Thomas H. [0000-0003-1064-8196], Schulze-Makuch, Dirk [0000-0002-1923-9746], Wagner, Robert V. [0000-0001-5999-0721], Williams, Kaj E. [0000-0003-1755-1872], Wynne, J. Judson, Titus, Timothy N., Agha-Mohammadi, Ali Akbar, Azua-Bustos, Armando, Boston, Penelope Jane, León, Pablo G. de, Demirel-Floyd, Cansu, Waele, J. de, Jones, Heather L., Malaska, Michael J., Miller, A. Z., Sapers, Haley M., Sauro, Francesco, Sonderegger, Derek, Uckert, Kyle, Wong, Uland, Alexander, Emmit Calvin, Chiao, Leroy, Cushing, Glen E., DeDecker, John, Fairén, Alberto G., Frumkin, Amos, Harris, Gary L., Kearney, Michelle, Kerber, Laura H., Léveillé, Richard J., Manyapu, Kavya K., Massironi, M., Mylroie, John Erik, Onac, Bogdan P., Parazynski, Scott E., Phillips-Lander, Charity M., Prettyman, Thomas H., Schulze-Makuch, Dirk, Wagner, Robert V., Whittaker, William L., Williams, Kaj E., Human Frontier Science Program, NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), California Institute of Technology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Wynne, Judson [0000-0003-0408-0629], Titus, Timothy N. [0000-0003-0700-4875], Azua-Bustos, Armando [0000-0002-6590-4145], Boston, Penelope Jane [0000-0002-0652-3473], León, Pablo G. de [0000-0002-6046-8700], Waele, J. de [0000-0001-5325-5208], Jones, Heather L. [0000-0001-9503-8746], Malaska, Michael J. [0000-0003-0064-5258], Miller, A. Z. [0000-0002-0553-8470], Sonderegger, Derek [0000-0001-5151-8588], Uckert, Kyle [0000-0002-0859-5526], Wong, Uland [0000-0002-3642-6236], Cushing, Glen E. [0000-0002-9673-8207], Fairén, Alberto G. [0000-0002-2938-6010], Frumkin, Amos [0000-0002-2028-4210], Kearney, Michelle [0000-0003-1279-2511], Kerber, Laura H. [0000-0002-6092-9722], Massironi, M. [0000-0002-7757-8818], Onac, Bogdan P. [0000-0003-2332-6858], Parazynski, Scott E. [0000-0002-2759-8925], Phillips-Lander, Charity M. [0000-0003-1064-8196], Prettyman, Thomas H. [0000-0003-1064-8196], Schulze-Makuch, Dirk [0000-0002-1923-9746], Wagner, Robert V. [0000-0001-5999-0721], Williams, Kaj E. [0000-0003-1755-1872], Wynne, J. Judson, Titus, Timothy N., Agha-Mohammadi, Ali Akbar, Azua-Bustos, Armando, Boston, Penelope Jane, León, Pablo G. de, Demirel-Floyd, Cansu, Waele, J. de, Jones, Heather L., Malaska, Michael J., Miller, A. Z., Sapers, Haley M., Sauro, Francesco, Sonderegger, Derek, Uckert, Kyle, Wong, Uland, Alexander, Emmit Calvin, Chiao, Leroy, Cushing, Glen E., DeDecker, John, Fairén, Alberto G., Frumkin, Amos, Harris, Gary L., Kearney, Michelle, Kerber, Laura H., Léveillé, Richard J., Manyapu, Kavya K., Massironi, M., Mylroie, John Erik, Onac, Bogdan P., Parazynski, Scott E., Phillips-Lander, Charity M., Prettyman, Thomas H., Schulze-Makuch, Dirk, Wagner, Robert V., Whittaker, William L., and Williams, Kaj E.

Abstract

Nearly half a century ago, two papers postulated the likelihood of lunar lava tube caves using mathematical models. Today, armed with an array of orbiting and fly-by satellites and survey instrumentation, we have now acquired cave data across our solar system-including the identification of potential cave entrances on the Moon, Mars, and at least nine other planetary bodies. These discoveries gave rise to the study of planetary caves. To help advance this field, we leveraged the expertise of an interdisciplinary group to identify a strategy to explore caves beyond Earth. Focusing primarily on astrobiology, the cave environment, geology, robotics, instrumentation, and human exploration, our goal was to produce a framework to guide this subdiscipline through at least the next decade. To do this, we first assembled a list of 198 science and engineering questions. Then, through a series of social surveys, 114 scientists and engineers winnowed down the list to the top 53 highest priority questions. This exercise resulted in identifying emerging and crucial research areas that require robust development to ultimately support a robotic mission to a planetary cave-principally the Moon and/or Mars. With the necessary financial investment and institutional support, the research and technological development required to achieve these necessary advancements over the next decade are attainable. Subsequently, we will be positioned to robotically examine lunar caves and search for evidence of life within Martian caves; in turn, this will set the stage for human exploration and potential habitation of both the lunar and Martian subsurface.

Published
2022

33. Towards evidence‐based conservation of subterranean ecosystems

Author

Mammola, Stefano, primary, Meierhofer, Melissa B., additional, Borges, Paulo A.V., additional, Colado, Raquel, additional, Culver, David C., additional, Deharveng, Louis, additional, Delić, Teo, additional, Di Lorenzo, Tiziana, additional, Dražina, Tvrtko, additional, Ferreira, Rodrigo L., additional, Fiasca, Barbara, additional, Fišer, Cene, additional, Galassi, Diana M. P., additional, Garzoli, Laura, additional, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, additional, Griebler, Christian, additional, Halse, Stuart, additional, Howarth, Francis G., additional, Isaia, Marco, additional, Johnson, Joseph S., additional, Komerički, Ana, additional, Martínez, Alejandro, additional, Milano, Filippo, additional, Moldovan, Oana T., additional, Nanni, Veronica, additional, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, additional, Niemiller, Matthew L., additional, Pallarés, Susana, additional, Pavlek, Martina, additional, Piano, Elena, additional, Pipan, Tanja, additional, Sanchez‐Fernandez, David, additional, Santangeli, Andrea, additional, Schmidt, Susanne I., additional, Wynne, J. Judson, additional, Zagmajster, Maja, additional, Zakšek, Valerija, additional, and Cardoso, Pedro, additional

Published
2022
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34. Brazilian cave heritage under siege

Author

Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, primary, Bernard, Enrico, additional, da Cruz Júnior, Francisco William, additional, Piló, Luis Beethoven, additional, Calux, Allan, additional, Souza-Silva, Marconi, additional, Barlow, Jos, additional, Pompeu, Paulo S., additional, Cardoso, Pedro, additional, Mammola, Stefano, additional, García, Alejandro Martínez, additional, Jeffery, William R., additional, Shear, William, additional, Medellín, Rodrigo A., additional, Wynne, J. Judson, additional, Borges, Paulo A. V., additional, Kamimura, Yoshitaka, additional, Pipan, Tanja, additional, Hajna, Nadja Zupan, additional, Sendra, Alberto, additional, Peck, Stewart, additional, Onac, Bogdan P., additional, Culver, David C., additional, Hoch, Hannelore, additional, Flot, Jean-François, additional, Stoch, Fabio, additional, Pavlek, Martina, additional, Niemiller, Matthew L., additional, Manchi, Shirish, additional, Deharveng, Louis, additional, Fenolio, Danté, additional, Calaforra, José-María, additional, Yager, Jill, additional, Griebler, Christian, additional, Nader, Fadi Henri, additional, Humphreys, William F., additional, Hughes, Alice C., additional, Fenton, Brock, additional, Forti, Paolo, additional, Sauro, Francesco, additional, Veni, George, additional, Frumkin, Amos, additional, Gavish-Regev, Efrat, additional, Fišer, Cene, additional, Trontelj, Peter, additional, Zagmajster, Maja, additional, Delic, Teo, additional, Galassi, Diana M. P., additional, Vaccarelli, Ilaria, additional, Komnenov, Marjan, additional, Gainett, Guilherme, additional, da Cunha Tavares, Valeria, additional, Kováč, Ľubomír, additional, Miller, Ana Z., additional, Yoshizawa, Kazunori, additional, Di Lorenzo, Tiziana, additional, Moldovan, Oana T., additional, Sánchez-Fernández, David, additional, Moutaouakil, Soumia, additional, Howarth, Francis, additional, Bilandžija, Helena, additional, Dražina, Tvrtko, additional, Kuharić, Nikolina, additional, Butorac, Valerija, additional, Lienhard, Charles, additional, Cooper, Steve J. B., additional, Eme, David, additional, Strauss, André Menezes, additional, Saccò, Mattia, additional, Zhao, Yahui, additional, Williams, Paul, additional, Tian, Mingyi, additional, Tanalgo, Krizler, additional, Woo, Kyung-Sik, additional, Barjakovic, Miran, additional, McCracken, Gary F., additional, Simmons, Nancy B, additional, Racey, Paul A., additional, Ford, Derek, additional, Labegalini, José Ayrton, additional, Colzato, Nivaldo, additional, Ramos Pereira, Maria João, additional, Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S., additional, Moratelli, Ricardo, additional, Du Preez, Gerhard, additional, Pérez-González, Abel, additional, Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., additional, Gunn, John, additional, Mc Cartney, Ann, additional, Bobrowiec, Paulo E. D., additional, Milko, Dmitry, additional, Kinuthia, Wanja, additional, Fischer, Erich, additional, Meierhofer, Melissa B., additional, and Frick, Winifred F, additional

Published
2022
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49. A conservation roadmap for the subterranean biome

Author

Wynne, J. Judson, primary, Howarth, Francis G., additional, Mammola, Stefano, additional, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, additional, Cardoso, Pedro, additional, Lorenzo, Tiziana Di, additional, Galassi, Diana M. P., additional, Medellin, Rodrigo A., additional, Miller, Bruce W., additional, Sánchez‐Fernández, David, additional, Bichuette, Maria Elina, additional, Biswas, Jayant, additional, BlackEagle, Cory W., additional, Boonyanusith, Chaichat, additional, Amorim, Isabel R., additional, Borges, Paulo Alexandre Vieira, additional, Boston, Penelope J., additional, Cal, Reynold N., additional, Cheeptham, Naowarat, additional, Deharveng, Louis, additional, Eme, David, additional, Faille, Arnaud, additional, Fenolio, Danté, additional, Fišer, Cene, additional, Fišer, Žiga, additional, ʻOhukaniʻōhiʻa Gon, Samuel M., additional, Goudarzi, Forough, additional, Griebler, Christian, additional, Halse, Stuart, additional, Hoch, Hannelore, additional, Kale, Enock, additional, Katz, Aron D., additional, Kováč, Ľubomír, additional, Lilley, Thomas M., additional, Manchi, Shirish, additional, Manenti, Raoul, additional, Martínez, Alejandro, additional, Meierhofer, Melissa B., additional, Miller, Ana Z., additional, Moldovan, Oana Teodora, additional, Niemiller, Matthew L., additional, Peck, Stewart B., additional, Pellegrini, Thais Giovannini, additional, Pipan, Tanja, additional, Phillips‐Lander, Charity M., additional, Poot, Celso, additional, Racey, Paul A., additional, Sendra, Alberto, additional, Shear, William A., additional, Silva, Marconi Souza, additional, Taiti, Stefano, additional, Tian, Mingyi, additional, Venarsky, Michael P., additional, Pakarati, Sebastián Yancovic, additional, Zagmajster, Maja, additional, and Zhao, Yahui, additional

Published
2021
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50. A conservation roadmap for the subterranean biome

Author

Wynne, J. Judson, Howarth, Francis G., Mammola, Stefano, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, Cardoso, Pedro, Lorenzo, Tiziana Di, Galassi, Diana M. P., Medellin, Rodrigo A., Miller, Bruce W, Sánchez‐fernández, David, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Biswas, Jayant, Blackeagle, Cory W., Boonyanusith, Chaichat, Amorim, Isabel R., Borges, Paulo Alexandre Vieira, Boston, Penelope J., Cal, Reynold N., Cheeptham, Naowarat, Deharveng, Louis, Eme, David, Faille, Arnaud, Fenolio, Danté, Fišer, Cene, Fišer, Žiga, ʻohukaniʻōhiʻa Gon, Samuel M., Goudarzi, Forough, Griebler, Christian, Halse, Stuart, Hoch, Hannelore, Kale, Enock, Katz, Aron D., Kováč, Ľubomír, Lilley, Thomas M., Manchi, Shirish, Manenti, Raoul, Martínez, Alejandro, Meierhofer, Melissa B., Miller, Ana Z., Moldovan, Oana Teodora, Niemiller, Matthew L., Peck, Stewart B., Pellegrini, Thais Giovannini, Pipan, Tanja, Phillips‐lander, Charity M., Poot, Celso, Racey, Paul A., Sendra, Alberto, Shear, William A., Silva, Marconi Souza, Taiti, Stefano, Tian, Mingyi, Venarsky, Michael P., Pakarati, Sebastián Yancovic, Zagmajster, Maja, Zhao, Yahui, Wynne, J. Judson, Howarth, Francis G., Mammola, Stefano, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, Cardoso, Pedro, Lorenzo, Tiziana Di, Galassi, Diana M. P., Medellin, Rodrigo A., Miller, Bruce W, Sánchez‐fernández, David, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Biswas, Jayant, Blackeagle, Cory W., Boonyanusith, Chaichat, Amorim, Isabel R., Borges, Paulo Alexandre Vieira, Boston, Penelope J., Cal, Reynold N., Cheeptham, Naowarat, Deharveng, Louis, Eme, David, Faille, Arnaud, Fenolio, Danté, Fišer, Cene, Fišer, Žiga, ʻohukaniʻōhiʻa Gon, Samuel M., Goudarzi, Forough, Griebler, Christian, Halse, Stuart, Hoch, Hannelore, Kale, Enock, Katz, Aron D., Kováč, Ľubomír, Lilley, Thomas M., Manchi, Shirish, Manenti, Raoul, Martínez, Alejandro, Meierhofer, Melissa B., Miller, Ana Z., Moldovan, Oana Teodora, Niemiller, Matthew L., Peck, Stewart B., Pellegrini, Thais Giovannini, Pipan, Tanja, Phillips‐lander, Charity M., Poot, Celso, Racey, Paul A., Sendra, Alberto, Shear, William A., Silva, Marconi Souza, Taiti, Stefano, Tian, Mingyi, Venarsky, Michael P., Pakarati, Sebastián Yancovic, Zagmajster, Maja, and Zhao, Yahui

Abstract

The 15th UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (COP15) will be held in Kunming, China in October 2021. Historically, CBDs and other multilateral treaties have either alluded to or entirely overlooked the subterranean biome. A multilateral effort to robustly examine, monitor, and incorporate the subterranean biome into future conservation targets will enable the CBD to further improve the ecological effectiveness of protected areas by including groundwater resources, subterranean ecosystem services, and the profoundly endemic subsurface biodiversity. To this end, we proffer a conservation roadmap that embodies five conceptual areas: (1) science gaps and data management needs; (2) anthropogenic stressors; (3) socioeconomic analysis and conflict resolution; (4) environmental education; and (5) national policies and multilateral agreements.

Published
2021
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