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1. Detection Dogs Working in Hot Climates: The Influence on Thermoregulation and Fecal Consistency.

Author

Slotta-Bachmayr, Leopold, Oyugi, Antony, Mutoro, Noreen, Burak, Mary, and Wykstra, Mary

Subjects
DETECTOR dogs, WORKING dogs, EVAPORATIVE cooling, COOLDOWN, HOT working, BODY temperature, DOGS, HEAT stroke
Abstract

Simple Summary: The performance of search dogs is limited by their ability to cool down their body because the main cooling ability—panting—contradicts sniffing. We investigated the effect of hot environments on the general body condition of detection dogs working in Kenya. These dogs search for cheetah scats in their arid and hot habitat, where it is especially challenging for them to work. After a working day in the fields, these dogs showed a softer stool, which means a higher stress level, and elevated body temperature during the routine check-in the next morning. Our results showed that the use of search dogs in hot conditions is possible and useful but requires increased attention to prevent heat-related illness. Body temperature is an important physiological parameter that influences the performance of working dogs. The main cooling mechanism in dogs is panting to support evaporative cooling, which reduces the dog's ability to detect scents. In this study, we investigated the general body condition of four detection dogs searching for cheetah scats in a hot environment in northern Kenya. We evaluated the effect on the dog's body temperature post-work in the short term (within hours) and long term (12–24 h). The fecal consistency and mean body temperature of the investigated dogs differed significantly between individuals but not between locations (moderate Nairobi and hot Samburu). On the morning after fieldwork, the dogs showed a significantly increased body temperature (37.9 ± 0.8 °C) compared to resting days (37.5 ± 2.2 °C). In the short term, on the first day of fieldwork, the dog's body temperature (n = 2) decreased after 10 min of rest. On the second consecutive day of fieldwork, the 10-min recovery period was too short, and the body temperature did not decrease significantly. Our data showed that the use of detection dogs in hot conditions is possible and useful but requires increased attention to prevent heat-related illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Supporting the Monitoring of Cheetahs in Kenya by Mobile Map Apps

Author

Jedersberger, Jan, Stern, Christian, Wykstra, Mary, Schaab, Gertrud, Cartwright, William, Series Editor, Gartner, Georg, Series Editor, Meng, Liqiu, Series Editor, Peterson, Michael P., Series Editor, Mansourian, Ali, editor, Pilesjö, Petter, editor, Harrie, Lars, editor, and van Lammeren, Ron, editor

Published
2018
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4. The global decline of cheetah Acinonyx jubatus and what it means for conservation

Author

Durant, Sarah M., Mitchell, Nicholas, Groom, Rosemary, Pettorelli, Nathalie, Ipavec, Audrey, Jacobson, Andrew P., Woodroffe, Rosie, Böhm, Monika, Hunter, Luke T. B., Becker, Matthew S., Broekhuis, Femke, Bashir, Sultana, Andresen, Leah, Aschenborn, Ortwin, Beddiaf, Mohammed, Belbachir, Farid, Belbachir-Bazi, Amel, Berbash, Ali, de Matos Machado, Iracelma Brandao, Breitenmoser, Christine, Chege, Monica, Cilliers, Deon, Davies-Mostert, Harriet, Dickman, Amy J., Ezekiel, Fabiano, Farhadinia, Mohammad S., Funston, Paul, Henschel, Philipp, Horgan, Jane, de Iongh, Hans H., Jowkar, Houman, Klein, Rebecca, Lindsey, Peter Andrew, Marker, Laurie, Marnewick, Kelly, Melzheimer, Joerg, Merkle, Johnathan, M’soka, Jassiel, Msuha, Maurus, O’Neill, Helen, Parker, Megan, Purchase, Gianetta, Sahailou, Samaila, Saidu, Yohanna, Samnae, Abdoulkarim, Schmidt-Küntzel, Anne, Selebatsog, Eda, Sogbohossou, Etotépé A., Soultan, Alaaeldin, Stone, Emma, van der Meer, Esther, van Vuuren, Rudie, Wykstra, Mary, and Young-Overton, Kim

Published
2017

6. List of Contributors

Author

Abdoulkarim, Samna, primary, Amir, Osman G., additional, Amstrup, Steven C., additional, Andresen, Leah, additional, Aschenborn, Ortwin, additional, Ashenafi, Zelealem T., additional, Ballou, Jonathan D., additional, Becker, Anne A.M.J., additional, Beckhelling, Annie, additional, Belbachir, Farid, additional, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, additional, Bissett, Charlene, additional, Boast, Lorraine K., additional, Braun, Birgit, additional, Breitenmoser, Christine, additional, Brewer, Bruce, additional, Broekhuis, Femke, additional, Brummer, Rox, additional, Caro, Tim, additional, Castaneda, Linda, additional, Charruau, Pauline, additional, Chege, Monica, additional, Chelysheva, Elena V., additional, Cherin, Marco, additional, Cilliers, Deon, additional, Citino, Scott, additional, Clements, Hayley, additional, Combes, Guy, additional, Comizzoli, Pierre, additional, Cristescu, Bogdan, additional, Crosier, Adrienne E., additional, Dalton, Desiré L., additional, Davies-Mostert, Harriet T., additional, Davis, Jacqueline T., additional, de Matos Machado, Iracelma B., additional, Depauw, Sarah, additional, Dickman, Amy, additional, Dierenfeld, Ellen S., additional, Durant, Sarah M., additional, Ekard, Susie, additional, Eyre, Simon, additional, Fabiano, Ezequiel, additional, Farhadinia, Mohammad S., additional, Flyman, Michael V., additional, Forsythe, Katherine, additional, Fuller, Angela K., additional, Good, Kyle, additional, Grisham, Jack, additional, Groom, Rosemary, additional, Gusset, Markus, additional, Haefele, Holly, additional, Hartmann, Axel, additional, Hayward, Matt W., additional, Hilker, Cathryn, additional, Horgan, Jane, additional, Hughes, Courtney, additional, Hunter, Luke T.B., additional, Huys, Geert, additional, Ipavec, Audrey, additional, Janssens, Geert P.J., additional, Jeo, Richard M., additional, Johnson, Douglas W., additional, Johnson, Sandra, additional, Johnson, Warren E., additional, Jowkar, Houman, additional, Kaandorp, Christine, additional, Kaandorp, Jacques, additional, Kerr, Katherine R., additional, Kharuxab, Reinold, additional, Kitchell, Kenneth F., additional, Klein, Rebecca, additional, Koester, Diana C., additional, Kotzé, Antoinette, additional, Lüders, Imke, additional, Lehner, Flavio, additional, Leus, Kristin, additional, Lindsey, Peter, additional, Lloyd, Michelle, additional, Louwman, Hanneke, additional, Louwman, Jan, additional, M’soka, Jassiel L.J., additional, Macdonald, David W., additional, Maes, Olivia, additional, Marker, Laurie, additional, Marks, Nikki, additional, Maule, Aaron, additional, McGowan, Natasha, additional, McManus, Jeannine, additional, Meachen, Julie, additional, Meeks, Karen Z., additional, Melzheimer, Joerg, additional, Mengersen, Kerrie, additional, Menotti-Raymond, Marilyn, additional, Mills, Gus, additional, Mitchell, Emily, additional, Mitchell, Nicholas, additional, Mohanun, Ahmed Sh, additional, Morrison, Tess, additional, Mosimane, Alfons W., additional, Msuha, Maurus, additional, Murray, Suzanne, additional, Nghikembua, Matti T., additional, Nhabanga, Abel R., additional, Nowell, Kristin, additional, O’Brien, Stephen J., additional, Oguge, Nick, additional, Omusula, Sarah, additional, Ostrowski, Stephane, additional, Ottichilo, Wilbur, additional, Pang, Benison, additional, Paulos, Osman D., additional, Portas, Ruben, additional, Potgieter, Gail, additional, Powell, Larkin A., additional, Rabeil, Thomas, additional, Randau, Marcela, additional, Rapp, Suzi, additional, Reid, Robin S., additional, Richmond-Coggan, Louisa, additional, Robinson, James M., additional, Rook, Lorenzo, additional, Rose-Hinostroza, Janet, additional, Rosen, Tatjana, additional, Rust, Niki A., additional, Sampson, Alicia, additional, Sanchez, Carlos R., additional, Sanjayan, M., additional, Scantlebury, David M., additional, Schaller, George B., additional, Schmidt-Küntzel, Anne, additional, Schulman, Martin, additional, Schwartz, Karin R., additional, Selebatso, Moses, additional, Snyman, Andrei, additional, Sogbohossou, Etotépé A., additional, Sommer, Simone, additional, Stanek, Linda, additional, Steenkamp, Gerhard, additional, Stoner, Kelly, additional, Sutherland, Chris, additional, Tambling, Craig J., additional, Terio, Karen A., additional, Tiffin, Amanda, additional, Traeholt, Carl, additional, Traylor-Holzer, Kathy, additional, Tricorache, Patricia, additional, van Bommel, Linda, additional, van der Meer, Esther, additional, van der Merwe, Vincent, additional, Van der Weyde, Leanne, additional, Vannelli, Kate, additional, Van Valkenburgh, Blaire, additional, Versteege, Lars, additional, Wachter, Bettina, additional, Walker, Eli H., additional, Walzer, Chris, additional, Weaver, Chris, additional, Whitehouse-Tedd, Katherine, additional, Wielebnowski, Nadja, additional, Williams, J. Jason, additional, Wirth, Günther, additional, Woc Colburn, Ana Margarita, additional, Woodroffe, Rosie, additional, Wultsch, Claudia, additional, Wykstra, Mary, additional, and Young-Overton, Kim, additional

Published
2018
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9. Coordination of Large Landscapes for Cheetah Conservation

Author

Powell, Larkin A., primary, Kharuxab, Reinold, additional, Marker, Laurie, additional, Nghikembua, Matti T., additional, Omusula, Sarah, additional, Reid, Robin S., additional, Snyman, Andrei, additional, Weaver, Chris, additional, and Wykstra, Mary, additional

Published
2018
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11. Cheetah Rangewide Status and Distribution

Author

Marker, Laurie, primary, Cristescu, Bogdan, additional, Morrison, Tess, additional, Flyman, Michael V., additional, Horgan, Jane, additional, Sogbohossou, Etotépé A., additional, Bissett, Charlene, additional, van der Merwe, Vincent, additional, de Matos Machado, Iracelma B., additional, Fabiano, Ezequiel, additional, van der Meer, Esther, additional, Aschenborn, Ortwin, additional, Melzheimer, Joerg, additional, Young-Overton, Kim, additional, Farhadinia, Mohammad S., additional, Wykstra, Mary, additional, Chege, Monica, additional, Abdoulkarim, Samna, additional, Amir, Osman G., additional, Mohanun, Ahmed Sh, additional, Paulos, Osman D., additional, Nhabanga, Abel R., additional, M'soka, Jassiel L.J., additional, Belbachir, Farid, additional, Ashenafi, Zelealem T., additional, and Nghikembua, Matti T., additional

Published
2018
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13. Ecology and Evolution / Dietary preference of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in south-eastern Kenya

Author

Mutoro, Noreen M., Chira, Robert, Gichuki, Nathan, Kariuki, Edward, Eberle, Jonas, Habel, Jan Christian, and Wykstra, Mary

Abstract

The conversion of natural ecosystems due to anthropogenic activities has led to the destruction of natural habitats and to the deterioration of habitat quality. Top predators particularly respond sensitively to changes in habitat structures, including the availability of prey. The cheetah Acinonyx jubatus prefers small-medium-sized, wild ungulate prey due to the cheetah's morphological adaptations. However, the majority of the species’ population is found beyond protected areas, where habitat structures, species abundances, and community composition are highly influenced by human activities. Only few studies have analyzed the diet preference of cheetahs in relation to prey availability and abundance for rangelands beyond protected areas in Eastern Africa. The study aimed to determine cheetah prey preference in the rangelands of south-eastern Kenya based on scat analyses. We compared dietary preference of cheetah with prey availability. For this purpose, we conducted standardized game counts. We analyzed 27 cheetah scat samples collected across the same study area where we also conducted game counts. We found that Grant's gazelle Gazella granti contributed the highest portion of cheetah's diet, although Thomson's gazelle Gazella thomsonii was the most abundant medium-sized ungulate prey in the study areas. We also recorded two primate species, yellow baboon Papio cynocephalus and vervet monkey Chlorocebus pygerythrus, as well as the rock hyrax Procavia capensis in the cheetah diet. These species have never been documented as cheetah prey before. Furthermore, our results document livestock as potential prey for cheetahs. These observations underline that cheetah use diverse prey in rangelands outside protected areas, and that the abundance of specific prey does not influence cheetah prey preference.

Published
2022
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15. Journal of Tropical Ecology / Impact of weather conditions on cheetah monitoring with scat detection dogs

Author

Noreen M., Mutoro, Eberle, Jonas, Petermann, Jana S., Schaab, Gertrud, Wykstra, Mary, and Habel, Jan Christian

Subjects
search strategy, wind, temperature, mammal assessment, Kenya, Acinonyx jubatus
Abstract

Knowledge on cheetah population densities across their current range is limited. Therefore, new and efficient assessment tools are needed to gain more knowledge on species distribution, ecology and behaviour. Scat detection dogs have emerged as an efficient and non-invasive method to monitor elusive and vulnerable animal species, like cheetahs, due to the dog’s superior olfactory system. However, the success of locating scat using detection dogs can be significantly improved under suitable weather conditions. We examined the impact of temperature, humidity and wind speed on detection rates of scat from cheetahs during a scat detection dog survey in Northern Kenya. We found that average wind speed positively influences the scat detection rate of detection dogs working on leash. Humidity showed no significant influence. Temperature showed a strong negative correlation with humidity and thus was excluded from our model analyses. While it is likely that wind speed is especially invalid for dogs working off leash, this study did not demonstrate this. Wind speed could thus influence the success of monitoring cheetahs or other target species. Our findings help to improve the survey and thus maximise the coverage of study area and the collection of target samples of elusive and rare species.

Published
2021
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21. Chapter 4 - Cheetah Rangewide Status and Distribution

Author

Marker, Laurie, Cristescu, Bogdan, Morrison, Tess, Flyman, Michael V., Horgan, Jane, Sogbohossou, Etotépé A., Bissett, Charlene, van der Merwe, Vincent, de Matos Machado, Iracelma B., Fabiano, Ezequiel, van der Meer, Esther, Aschenborn, Ortwin, Melzheimer, Joerg, Young-Overton, Kim, Farhadinia, Mohammad S., Wykstra, Mary, Chege, Monica, Abdoulkarim, Samna, Amir, Osman G., Mohanun, Ahmed Sh, Paulos, Osman D., Nhabanga, Abel R., M'soka, Jassiel L.J., Belbachir, Farid, Ashenafi, Zelealem T., and Nghikembua, Matti T.

Published
2018
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22. Impact of weather conditions on cheetah monitoring with scat detection dogs.

Author

Mutoro, Noreen M., Eberle, Jonas, Petermann, Jana S., Schaab, Gertrud, Wykstra, Mary, and Habel, Jan Christian

Abstract

Knowledge on cheetah population densities across their current range is limited. Therefore, new and efficient assessment tools are needed to gain more knowledge on species distribution, ecology and behaviour. Scat detection dogs have emerged as an efficient and non-invasive method to monitor elusive and vulnerable animal species, like cheetahs, due to the dog's superior olfactory system. However, the success of locating scat using detection dogs can be significantly improved under suitable weather conditions. We examined the impact of temperature, humidity and wind speed on detection rates of scat from cheetahs during a scat detection dog survey in Northern Kenya. We found that average wind speed positively influences the scat detection rate of detection dogs working on leash. Humidity showed no significant influence. Temperature showed a strong negative correlation with humidity and thus was excluded from our model analyses. While it is likely that wind speed is especially invalid for dogs working off leash, this study did not demonstrate this. Wind speed could thus influence the success of monitoring cheetahs or other target species. Our findings help to improve the survey and thus maximise the coverage of study area and the collection of target samples of elusive and rare species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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24. The global decline of cheetah Acinonyx jubatus and what it means for conservation

Author

Durant, Sarah M., primary, Mitchell, Nicholas, additional, Groom, Rosemary, additional, Pettorelli, Nathalie, additional, Ipavec, Audrey, additional, Jacobson, Andrew P., additional, Woodroffe, Rosie, additional, Böhm, Monika, additional, Hunter, Luke T. B., additional, Becker, Matthew S., additional, Broekhuis, Femke, additional, Bashir, Sultana, additional, Andresen, Leah, additional, Aschenborn, Ortwin, additional, Beddiaf, Mohammed, additional, Belbachir, Farid, additional, Belbachir-Bazi, Amel, additional, Berbash, Ali, additional, Brandao de Matos Machado, Iracelma, additional, Breitenmoser, Christine, additional, Chege, Monica, additional, Cilliers, Deon, additional, Davies-Mostert, Harriet, additional, Dickman, Amy J., additional, Ezekiel, Fabiano, additional, Farhadinia, Mohammad S., additional, Funston, Paul, additional, Henschel, Philipp, additional, Horgan, Jane, additional, de Iongh, Hans H., additional, Jowkar, Houman, additional, Klein, Rebecca, additional, Lindsey, Peter Andrew, additional, Marker, Laurie, additional, Marnewick, Kelly, additional, Melzheimer, Joerg, additional, Merkle, Johnathan, additional, M'soka, Jassiel, additional, Msuha, Maurus, additional, O'Neill, Helen, additional, Parker, Megan, additional, Purchase, Gianetta, additional, Sahailou, Samaila, additional, Saidu, Yohanna, additional, Samna, Abdoulkarim, additional, Schmidt-Küntzel, Anne, additional, Selebatso, Eda, additional, Sogbohossou, Etotépé A., additional, Soultan, Alaaeldin, additional, Stone, Emma, additional, van der Meer, Esther, additional, van Vuuren, Rudie, additional, Wykstra, Mary, additional, and Young-Overton, Kim, additional

Published
2016
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26. Development of Cheetah Conservation in Northern Samburu.

Author

Wykstra, Mary

Abstract

The article provides information about the works of conservation organization Action for Cheetahs in Kenya (ACK) in developing cheetah conservation in different parts of Kenya. Topics of discussion include threat to the local communities and their livestock by wild animals like cheetahs and wild dogs and the attacks on cheetahs thereof, ACK's projects of installing predator deterrent lights and using deterrent systems to study predator behavior, and enabling rural students with technology.

Published
2015

27. Detection Dogs Working in Hot Climates: The Influence on Thermoregulation and Fecal Consistency.

Author

Slotta-Bachmayr L, Oyugi A, Mutoro N, Burak M, and Wykstra M

Abstract

Body temperature is an important physiological parameter that influences the performance of working dogs. The main cooling mechanism in dogs is panting to support evaporative cooling, which reduces the dog's ability to detect scents. In this study, we investigated the general body condition of four detection dogs searching for cheetah scats in a hot environment in northern Kenya. We evaluated the effect on the dog's body temperature post-work in the short term (within hours) and long term (12-24 h). The fecal consistency and mean body temperature of the investigated dogs differed significantly between individuals but not between locations (moderate Nairobi and hot Samburu). On the morning after fieldwork, the dogs showed a significantly increased body temperature (37.9 ± 0.8 °C) compared to resting days (37.5 ± 2.2 °C). In the short term, on the first day of fieldwork, the dog's body temperature (n = 2) decreased after 10 min of rest. On the second consecutive day of fieldwork, the 10-min recovery period was too short, and the body temperature did not decrease significantly. Our data showed that the use of detection dogs in hot conditions is possible and useful but requires increased attention to prevent heat-related illness.

Published
2024
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