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The primary objective of this task was to develop an alternative treatment technique or an innovative use of a conventional technology to remove VOC contamination from Rowe Spring. A conceptual design for a treatment plant was to he prepared using the selected technology. Ten remedial technologies were evaluated using several criteria, including: ability to meet effluent requirements (non-detect for 9 VOCs), resident criteria (impact to surrounding human and animal populations, cost effectiveness, and other criteria). The selected groundwater remediation systems consist of a low-profile air stripping system and associated groundwater collection, conveyance, and post-treatment distribution systems. This report presents the concept design, conceptual level cost estimate, and geotechnical investigation report for the selected technology and treatment Site.

The primary objective of this task was to evaluate the technical-and cost effectiveness of advanced oxidation processes (AOP), specifically UV/Oxidation (UVIOX) in remediating groundwaters containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and other nitroaromatics by performing a pilot-scale demonstration. In addition to evaluating the effectiveness of UV/OX methods, USAEC wanted to identify the cost parameters associated with each of the commercially available processes for the treatment of explosives and assess the adequacy of bench-scale testing data for predicting full-scale equipment requirements. All four of the UV/OX processes evaluated achieved the treatment criteria for mT and mB on one or more days of the demonstration. There was considerable variation in the consistency with which the processes met these criteria, It was also concluded that, based on this demonstration, routine bench-scale testing is inadequate for providing sufficient data for accurate design, siting, and costing for full-scale UV/OX systems for remediating explosives-contaminated groundwater.

Groundwater treatment for the removal of contaminants may be needed at a number of U.S. Army installations, including Army depots. Treatability of potentially applicable technologies may be needed to facilitate design and operation of treatment systems. The study described here is a treatability test for the removal of arsenic from groundwater. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ion exchange (IE), granular activated carbon (GAC) , and activated alumina (AA) for the removal of arsenic from groundwater. Laboratory IE, GAC, and AA isotherms were conducted to select the two best performing carbon and resin types and the operating pH for the carbon and alumina media for further testing. Pilot scale continuous flow column tests were conducted at Sharpe Army Depot in Lathrop, California, using the two carbons (Calgon Filtrasorb 400 and Hydrodarco 3000) and the two resins (Amberlite IRA 402 and Ionac A-641) selected during the isotherm studies. Alcoa F-1 AA was also used during the pilot scale continuous flow column tests. The carbon and AA were tested at an adjusted pH of 4.0 and the resin was tested at natural pH. A pilot scale, conventional packed column air stripper was used to remove volatile organics (primarily trichloroethene) from the ground water prior to treatment by the pilot scale columns. The data from the laboratory and pilot study were analyzed and a report was prepared to present the results and conclusions.

The primary objective of this task was to determine the feasibility of using GAC to treat ground water contaminated by explosives at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant (MAAP) in Milan, Tennessee. Laboratory GAC isotherm studies were conducted and two carbons, Atochem, Inc. GAC 830 and Calgon Filtrasorb 300, were selected for further testing in continuous flow GAC columns. Three pilot scale continuous flow GAC column tests were performed at MAAP using the two carbons selected from the laboratory GAC isotherm studies. The results from the laboratory and pilot studies are presented in this report. They show that concurrent removal of explosives such as TNT, RDX, HMX, Tetryl, and nitrobenzenes from ground water using continuous flow granular activated carbon is feasible.

The United States Army operates explosives manufacturing plants to produce various forms of explosives used in military ordnance. Manufacturing activities at such plants result in the production of organic wastewaters that contain both explosive residues and other organic chemicals. Several treatment technologies have been developed to treat these wastewaters for final discharge. Past waste handling practices at explosives manufacturing plants commonly included the use of the unlined lagoons or pits for containing process wastewaters. As a result of these past practices, some explosives residues may leach through the soil and contaminated groundwater. Therefore, the treatment of contaminated groundwater may be required.