112 results on '"Wuchun, Cao"'
Search Results
2. Global epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in human and animals: a systematic review and meta-analysisResearch in context
- Author
-
Haoliang Cui, Shijing Shen, Lin Chen, Zhiyu Fan, Qian Wen, Yiwen Xing, Zekun Wang, Jianyi Zhang, Jingyuan Chen, Bin La, Yujie Fang, Zeping Yang, Shuhan Yang, Xiangyu Yan, Shaojun Pei, Tao Li, Xiaoming Cui, Zhongwei Jia, and Wuchun Cao
- Subjects
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome ,Global health ,Public health ,Emerging infectious disease ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Since the initial identification of the Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) in ticks in rural areas of China in 2009, the virus has been increasingly isolated from a diverse array of hosts globally, exhibiting a rising trend in incidence. This study aims to conduct a systematic analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of SFTS cases, alongside an examination of the infection rates across various hosts, with the objective of addressing public concerns regarding the spread and impact of the disease. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, an exhaustive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline, CNKI, WanFang, and CQVIP. The literature search was confined to publications released between January 1, 2009, and May 29, 2023. The study focused on collating data pertaining to animal infections under natural conditions and human infection cases reported. Additionally, species names were unified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The notification rate, notification death rate, case fatality rate, and infection rates (or MIR) were assessed for each study with available data. The proportions were pooled using a generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM). Meta-regressions were conducted for subgroup analysis. This research has been duly registered with PROSPERO, bearing the registration number CRD42023431010. Findings: We identified 5492 studies from database searches and assessed 238 full-text studies for eligibility, of which 234 studies were included in the meta-analysis. For human infection data, the overall pooled notification rate was 18.93 (95% CI 17.02–21.05) per ten million people, the overall pooled notification deaths rate was 3.49 (95% CI 2.97–4.10) per ten million people, and the overall pooled case fatality rate was 7.80% (95% CI 7.01%–8.69%). There was an increasing trend in notification rate and deaths rate, while the case fatality rate showed a significant decrease globally. Regarding animal infection data, among 94 species tested, 48 species were found to carry positive nucleic acid or antibodies. Out of these, 14 species were classified under Arthropoda, while 34 species fell under Chordata, comprising 27 Mammalia and 7 Aves. Interpretation: This systematic review and meta-analysis present the latest global report on SFTS. In terms of human infections, notification rates and notification deaths rates are on the rise, while the case fatality rate has significantly decreased. More SFTSV animal hosts have been discovered than before, particularly among birds, indicating a potentially broader transmission range for SFTSV. These findings provide crucial insights for the prevention and control of SFTS on a global scale. Funding: None.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Molecular epidemiological investigation of piroplasms carried by pet cats and dogs in an animal hospital in Guiyang, China
- Author
-
Shengchun Wu, Jiao Meng, Fuxun Yu, Caomin Zhou, Bin Yang, Xingxing Chen, Guanghong Yang, Yi Sun, Wuchun Cao, Jiafu Jiang, Jiahong Wu, and Lin Zhan
- Subjects
dog ,cat ,phylogenetic studies ,piroplasms ,Theileria uilenbergi ,Theileria luwenshuni ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Piroplasmosis is a zoonotic disease mainly caused by the Babesia and Theileria parasites. Piroplasmosis is often a subclinical infection in dogs and cats that is difficult to detect and is often suspected when clinical signs such as anemia are present. It has been reported to be prevalent in China. However, molecular evidence of the disease has not been reported in pet dogs and cats in Guiyang. In this study, we collected 307 anticoagulated blood samples from an animal hospital in the Wudang District of Guiyang during the period March 2021 to November 2021 and extracted DNA from the samples. The 18S rDNA gene was amplified using PCR, and the positive amplification product was sequenced. The sequences were then analyzed for homology and phylogeny. Of the 307 samples collected, 164 were feline and 143 were canine, with a total of 23 amplifying a target band of approximately 400 bp. The percentage of positives of piroplasms infection in pet cats was 4.27% (7/164), with the pathogens being T. uilenbergi (3) and T. luwenshuni (4). One Colpodella sp. and two undetermined species were also detected in the cat samples. The percentage of positives of piroplasms infection in pet dogs was 7.69% (11/143), with the pathogen being T. uilenbergi (11). One Colpodella sp. was also detected in the dog samples. The results confirmed that T. uilenbergi and T. luwenshuni are prevalent in pet cats and dogs in this area. In addition, the study found a rare zoonotic pathogen, Colpodella sp., in cats and dogs. Therefore, this study is expected to serve as a valuable reference for decision-making regarding animal health management and public health work.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Epidemiological Features of Infectious Diseases in Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Observational Study in Shandong Province, China, 2013–2017
- Author
-
Wenjing Wang, Haitao Wang, Ke Song, Baoyu Wang, Fuzhong Xue, Lin Zhao, Wuchun Cao, and Cheeloo EcoHealth Consortium (CLEC)
- Subjects
infectious diseases ,children and adolescents ,epidemiology ,big data ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Background: The arrival of the big-data era provides us with a chance to elaborate the spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in children and adolescents aged 0–18 years in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic era. Methods: We collected data on infectious diseases in 891,981 participants from the Cheeloo Lifespan Electronic Health Research Data-library. The incidence density of each infection was calculated and stratified by age and region. The annual percentage change (APC) in incidence was estimated by logarithmic linear regression. Results: A total of 18,183 cases of 78 infections were diagnosed, with an overall incidence density of 626.33 per 100,000 person-years (PY). Of these, 6825 cases of 50 non-notifiable infectious diseases were identified. Children aged 1–3 years had the highest incidence of infections. The overall incidence revealed a significant increasing trend from 2013 to 2017 (APC = 36.9%, p < 0.05). Hand, foot, and mouth disease, pneumonia, and influenza were the three most common diseases. The incidence of pneumonia, rubella, scarlet fever, zoster, molluscum contagiosum, and syphilis increased significantly during the study period (all p < 0.05). Taian, Binzhou, and Weihai had the highest incidence of all other cities. The incidence of gastrointestinal infections increased markedly in the eastern coastal regions. Conclusions: More stress should be placed on a number of non-notifiable infectious diseases with a high burden and a significant increasing trend. Age-based and regional targeting efforts are needed to prevent and contain infectious diseases among children and adolescents.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Isolation and in vitro cultivation of Babesia venatorum (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae), a zoonotic hemoprotozoan from Ixodes persulcatus ticks in China
- Author
-
Yi Sun, Baogui Jiang, Weiqing Zheng, Hong Wang, Ruiruo Jiang, Xin Wang, Na Jia, Fang Yang, Haiying Chen, Jiafu Jiang, and Wuchun Cao
- Subjects
Babesia ,Ixodes persulcatus ,Isolation and identification ,Culture characteristics ,China ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
The emerging Babesia venatorum upsurges as a potential health threat occurring in China and other endemic countries. Few attempts to isolate and culture the Babesia species had been conducted in vitro. We collected the questing Ixodes persulcatus from identified endemic areas and allowed them to feed on the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. The positive mice were chosen to provide positive erythrocytes with asexual B. venatorum for continuous culture in mouse or human erythrocytes in vitro, with RPMI 1640 medium and appropriate serum. With B. venatorum in the SCID mice, erythrocytes were cultured in vitro for confirmation by morphological observations with transmission electron microscopes. Sequences of B. venatorum were then identified by way of conventional PCR amplification. Parasitemia counts monitored the growth of B. venatorum on thin blood smears and real-time quantitative PCR in parallel. As expected, B. venatorum positive mice were harvested by sufficient attacks of I. persulcatus ticks. The erythrocytes of the infected mice were then inoculated and successfully cultured in donated erythrocytes from humans and mice in RPMI 1640 culture medium. Active growth of B. venatorum was well demonstrated in human erythrocytes with 3.3 times parasite-load when compared with a mouse under similar conditions. With the increased subcultures, a prolonged period of detectable parasitemia with much higher peak parasitemia and shorter time to reach peak parasitemia were observed in the following subcultures. A new strategy for isolation and in vitro culture of B. venatorum has been provided with a continuous supply of sufficient pathogens to satisfy human babesiosis's testings and clinical therapies.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A Chess and Card Room-Induced COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Agent-Based Simulation in Yangzhou, China
- Author
-
Shijing Shen, Wenning Li, Hua Wei, Lin Zhao, Runze Ye, Ke Ma, Peng Xiao, Na Jia, Jieping Zhou, Xiaoming Cui, Jianhua Gong, and Wuchun Cao
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant ,agent-based model ,SEIR model ,scenario simulation ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak that resurged in Yangzhou and to simulate the impact of different control measures at different regional scales.MethodsWe collected personal information from 570 laboratory-confirmed cases in Yangzhou from 28 July to 26 August 2021, and built a modified susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) model and an agent-based model.ResultsThe SEIR model showed that for passengers from medium-high risk areas, pre-travel nucleic acid testing within 3 days could limit the total number of infected people in Yangzhou to 50; among elderly persons, a 60% increase in vaccination rates could reduce the estimated infections by 253. The agent-based model showed that when the population density of the chess and card room dropped by 40%, the number of infected people would decrease by 54 within 7 days. A ventilation increase in the chess and card room from 25 to 50% could reduce the total number of infections by 33 within 7 days; increasing the ventilation from 25 to 75% could reduce the total number of infections by 63 within 7 days.ConclusionsThe SEIR model and agent-based model were used to simulate the impact of different control measures at different regional scales successfully. It is possible to provide references for epidemic prevention and control work.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Transmission dynamics and the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions in the COVID-19 outbreak resurged in Beijing, China: a descriptive and modelling study
- Author
-
Ke Ma, Xin Lin, Lin Zhao, Na Jia, Jingyuan Wang, Xiaoming Cui, Yuhao Zhou, Runze Ye, Jia-Fu Jiang, Baogui Jiang, Zhang Xiong, HongHao Shi, and Wuchun Cao
- Subjects
Medicine - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Appraisal of China's Response to the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Comparison With SARS
- Author
-
Jiajia Li, Shixue Li, Wuchun Cao, Zhongli Wang, Zhuohui Liang, Wenhao Fu, and Jinfeng Zhao
- Subjects
infectious disease control ,COVID-19 ,SARS ,control measures ,outbreak ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since become a pandemic. The COVID-19 containment measures were comparable to those used with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), although these were stricter and more organized, and were initiated earlier and on a larger scale. Based on the lessons learned from SARS, the Chinese government acted aggressively in response to COVID-19, through a unified and effective commanding system, using law-based and science-driven strategies, and coordinated deployment of medical resources. Additionally, the application of high-tech measures, traditional Chinese medicine, and hierarchical medical systems also played an important role in control measures. Despite the remarkable performance, the initial delay in response suggests that the coordination between public health and medical services, reserve and coordination of emergency materials, and capacity for disease control and prevention need to be strengthened.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. RETRACTED: What we have learnt from the SARS epdemics in mainland China?
- Author
-
Wuchun Cao, Liqun Fang, and Dan Xiao
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal)This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-General. The Editor-in-General has been made aware that this paper has been published in another journal, Infect Dis Rep, Vol. 3 No. 1 (2011), 10.4081/idr.2011.e2.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Retraction notice to ‘What we have learnt from the SARS epdemics in mainland China?’
- Author
-
Wuchun Cao, Liqun Fang, and Dan Xiao
- Subjects
Medicine - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Spatial-temporal mapping and risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease in northwestern inland China.
- Author
-
Ruifang Huang, Jiate Wei, Zhenwei Li, Zhenguo Gao, Muti Mahe, and Wuchun Cao
- Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundHand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is becoming one of the common human infectious diseases in China. Previous studies have described HFMD in tropical or coastal areas of Asia-Pacific countries. However, limited studies have thoroughly studied the epidemiology and potential risk factors for HFMD in inland areas with complex environmental conditions.Methodology/principal findingsUsing the data from 2009 to 2018 on reported cases of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, we characterized the epidemic features of HFMD. Panel negative binomial model was used to identify climate, geographical and demographic determinants for HFMD incidence. A total of 70856 HFMD cases (average annual incidence: 305 per million persons) were reported in Xinjiang during the 10-year study period, of which 10393 (14.7%) were laboratory-confirmed and 98 (0.1%) were severe. HFMD peaked in summer every year during the study period, and incidence in 2012, 2015, 2016 and 2018 had minor peaks in autumn. After adjusting the school or holiday month, multiple factors were found to affect HFMD epidemiology: urban area being major land cover type (incidence risk ratio, IRR 2.08; 95% CI 1.50, 2.89), higher gross domestic product per capita (IRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.11, 1.16), rise in monthly average temperature (IRR 1.65; 95% CI 1.61, 1.69) and monthly accumulative precipitation (IRR 1.20; 95% CI 1.16, 1.24) predicted increase in the incidence of HFMD; farmland being major land cover type (IRR 0.72; 95% CI 0.64, 0.81), an increase of percentage of the minority (IRR 0.91; 95% CI 0.89, 0.93) and population density (IRR 0.98; 95% CI 0.98, 0.99) were related to a decrease in the incidence of HFMD.Conclusions/significanceIn conclusion, the epidemic status of HFMD in Xinjiang is characterized by low morbidity and fatality. Multiple factors have significant influences on the occurrence and transmission of HFMD in Xinjiang.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Isolation and in vitro cultivation of Babesia venatorum (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae), a zoonotic hemoprotozoan from Ixodes persulcatus ticks in China
- Author
-
Fang Yang, Jia-Fu Jiang, Bao-Gui Jiang, Xin Wang, Wuchun Cao, Weiqing Zheng, Yi Sun, Hong Wang, Rui-Ruo Jiang, Haiying Chen, and Na Jia
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,China ,Babesia ,Parasitemia ,Ixodes persulcatus ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,law.invention ,Apicomplexa ,law ,medicine ,Isolation and identification ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Severe combined immunodeficiency ,biology ,Inoculation ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,In vitro ,Infectious Diseases ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,Culture characteristics ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The emerging Babesia venatorum upsurges as a potential health threat occurring in China and other endemic countries. Few attempts to isolate and culture the Babesia species had been conducted in vitro. We collected the questing Ixodes persulcatus from identified endemic areas and allowed them to feed on the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. The positive mice were chosen to provide positive erythrocytes with asexual B. venatorum for continuous culture in mouse or human erythrocytes in vitro, with RPMI 1640 medium and appropriate serum. With B. venatorum in the SCID mice, erythrocytes were cultured in vitro for confirmation by morphological observations with transmission electron microscopes. Sequences of B. venatorum were then identified by way of conventional PCR amplification. Parasitemia counts monitored the growth of B. venatorum on thin blood smears and real-time quantitative PCR in parallel. As expected, B. venatorum positive mice were harvested by sufficient attacks of I. persulcatus ticks. The erythrocytes of the infected mice were then inoculated and successfully cultured in donated erythrocytes from humans and mice in RPMI 1640 culture medium. Active growth of B. venatorum was well demonstrated in human erythrocytes with 3.3 times parasite-load when compared with a mouse under similar conditions. With the increased subcultures, a prolonged period of detectable parasitemia with much higher peak parasitemia and shorter time to reach peak parasitemia were observed in the following subcultures. A new strategy for isolation and in vitro culture of B. venatorum has been provided with a continuous supply of sufficient pathogens to satisfy human babesiosis's testings and clinical therapies.
- Published
- 2021
13. Vector competence of the tick Ixodes sinensis (Acari: Ixodidae) for Rickettsia monacensis
- Author
-
Xiaodong Ye, Yi Sun, Wendong Ju, Xin Wang, Wuchun Cao, and Mingyu Wu
- Subjects
Rickettsia monacensis ,Ixodes sinensis ,Vector competence ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Cases of Mediterranean Spotted Fever like rickettsioses, caused by Rickettsia monacensis, have become more common in the last 10 years. In China, natural infection of R. monacensis in various tick species has been confirmed but the vector(s) of R. monacensis have not been recorded. Methods The prevalence of R. monacensis in >1500 Ixodidae ticks from central and southern China was determined using centrifugation-shell vial culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques. The predominant species, Ixodes sinensis, harbored a natural infection of R. monacensis and was assumed to be a vector candidate of R. monacensis. Experimental transmissions were initialized by infecting Rickettsia-free tick colonies with R. monacensis using capillary tube feeding (CTF) or immersion techniques. Transstadial and transovarial transmissions, and transmission from ticks to mice, were conducted under laboratory conditions. Results R. monacensis was isolated and identified from hemolymph of Ixodes sinensis using molecular techniques. Transovarial transmission of R. monacensis from infected ♀I. sinensis to offspring was documented and infected offspring successfully passed Rickettsia to mice. Transstadial transmission rates were 58% in larva to nymph and 56% in nymph to adult stages. Infected nymphs and adults were also able to infect mice. Conclusions I. sinensis is a competence vector for R. monacensis as demonstrated by natural infection and transmission studies.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Preliminary Study of Avian Influenza A Infection Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques.
- Author
-
Jianping Guo, Yong Xue, Shaobo Zhong, Chunxiang Cao, Wuchun Cao, Xiaowen Li 0001, and Liqun Fang
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. eMicrob: A Grid-Based Spatial Epidemiology Application.
- Author
-
Jianping Guo, Yong Xue, Chunxiang Cao, Wuchun Cao, Xiaowen Li 0001, Jianqin Wang, and Liqun Fang
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Explore Disease Mapping of Hepatitis B Using Geostatistical Analysis Techniques.
- Author
-
Shaobo Zhong, Yong Xue, Chunxiang Cao, Wuchun Cao, Xiaowen Li 0001, Jianping Guo, and Liqun Fang
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The application of space/time analysis tools of GIS in spatial epidemiology: a case study of hepatitis B in China using GIS.
- Author
-
Shaobo Zhong, Yong Xue, Chunxiang Cao, Wuchun Cao, Xiaowen Li 0001, Jianping Guo, and Liqun Fang
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Study on the highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic using land surface temperature from MODIS data.
- Author
-
Jianping Guo, Yong Xue, Chunxiang Cao, Wuchun Cao, Shaobo Zhong, Guoyin Cai, Xiaowen Li 0001, and Liqun Fang
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Predictive Models of Seasonal Time Series for Hemonhagicfever with Renal Syndrome Based on Wavelet Analysis.
- Author
-
Xiuhua Guo, Jinan Lin, Wuchun Cao, Y. Luo, S. Zhou, W. Bao, and Y. Cheng
- Published
- 2003
20. Risk Factors Analysis of High Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Mainland China Using GIS and Remote Sensing.
- Author
-
Jianping Guo, Yong Xue, Chunxiang Cao, Wuchun Cao, Shaobo Zhong, Guoyin Cai, Xiaowen Li 0001, and Liqun Fang
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Development and evaluation of the kit for detection of SARS-associated coronavirus RNA
- Author
-
G A Shipulin, S В Yatsyshina, V P Chulanov, M Yu Markelov, O Yu Shipulina, А Т Podkolzin, T S Astakhova, A Shishova, Wuchun Cao, Liu Wei, and Fan Baochang
- Subjects
coronaviridae ,sars ,pcr ,Medicine - Abstract
Aim. To develop a diagnostic kit for detection of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-related coronavirus RNA based on reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction and to estimate its specificity and sensitivity. Material and methods. 68 virus and bacterial cultures, 240 clinical samples from people without SARS symptoms and also 22 RNA samples from patients with SARS symptoms received during the epidemic in Beijing were used. Results. The specificity of the kit was determined using animal coronaviruses and other bacterial and viral strains, causing acute respiratory and intestinal infections, and was shown to be 100%. The sensitivity of the kit in different clinical samples was 2.2' Iff genome equivalents of recombinant SARS RNA in I ml of the specimen. The kit was evaluated in the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of Beijing (China) using SARS-cov viral suspension and clinical samples from patients with suspected SARS. It was shown that the kit was able to detect 10 TCID/50 ml of SARS-Cov virus. Testing of clinical samples from patients with suspected SARS showed that diagnostic sensitivity of the kit was 95%. Detection of the SARS-Cov RNA was more effective in feces compared to sputum 990 and 40%, respectively). Conclusion. The kit "AmpliSens SARS" for qualitative detection of SARS-related coronavirus RNA by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in nasopharyngeal wash/aspirates, naso/ oropharyngeal swabs, plasma, and extract from feces has been developed in the Central Research Institute for Epidemiology of the RF Ministry of Health. The kit contains reagents for RNA isolation and purification, cDNA synthesis by reverse transcription ofRNA, for PCR and for electrophoretic analysis of amplified products. The kit also contains recombinant positive and internal control samples allowing to control efficiency of analysis and showed good analytical and diagnostic characteristics.
- Published
- 2004
22. RETRACTED: What we have learnt from the SARS epdemics in mainland China?
- Author
-
Liqun Fang, Wuchun Cao, and Dan Xiao
- Subjects
Mainland China ,Disease reporting ,Geography ,Beijing ,Environmental health ,Case fatality rate ,Outbreak - Abstract
This article provides an overview of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemics in mainland China and of what we have learned since the outbreak. The epidemics spanned a large geographical extent but clustered in two regions: first in Guangdong Province, and about 3 months later in Beijing and its surrounding areas. The resulting case fatality ratio of 6.4% was less than half of that in other SARS-affected countries and regions, partly due to younger-aged patients and a higher proportion of community-acquired infections. Strong political commitment and a centrally coordinated response were most important for controlling SARS. The long-term economic consequence of the epidemic was limited. Many recovered patients suffered from avascular osteonecrosis, as a consequence of corticosteroid usage during their infection. The SARS epidemic provided valuable experience and lessons relevant in controlling outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, and has led to fundamental reforms of the Chinese health system. Additionally, the epidemic has substantially improved infrastructures, surveillance systems, and capacity to response to health emergencies. In particular, a comprehensive nationwide internet-based disease reporting system was established.
- Published
- 2019
23. An efficient strategy of screening for pathogens in wild-caught ticks and mosquitoes by reusing small RNA deep sequencing data.
- Author
-
Lu Zhuang, Zhiyi Zhang, Xiaoping An, Hang Fan, Maijuan Ma, Benjamin D Anderson, Jiafu Jiang, Wei Liu, Wuchun Cao, and Yigang Tong
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
This paper explored our hypothesis that sRNA (18 ∼ 30 bp) deep sequencing technique can be used as an efficient strategy to identify microorganisms other than viruses, such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens. In the study, the clean reads derived from the sRNA deep sequencing data of wild-caught ticks and mosquitoes were compared against the NCBI nucleotide collection (non-redundant nt database) using Blastn. The blast results were then analyzed with in-house Python scripts. An empirical formula was proposed to identify the putative pathogens. Results showed that not only viruses but also prokaryotic and eukaryotic species of interest can be screened out and were subsequently confirmed with experiments. Specially, a novel Rickettsia spp. was indicated to exist in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks collected in Beijing. Our study demonstrated the reuse of sRNA deep sequencing data would have the potential to trace the origin of pathogens or discover novel agents of emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Development of rapid immunochromatographic test for hemagglutinin antigen of H7 subtype in patients infected with novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus.
- Author
-
Keren Kang, Li Chen, Xiang Zhao, Chengfeng Qin, Zanwu Zhan, Jihua Wang, Wenmei Li, Emmanuel E Dzakah, Weijuang Huang, Yuelong Shu, Tao Jiang, Wuchun Cao, Mingquan Xie, Xiaochun Luo, and Shixing Tang
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since human infection with the novel H7N9 avian influenza virus was identified in China in March 2013, the relatively high mortality rate and possibility of human-to-human transmission have highlighted the urgent need for sensitive and specific assays for diagnosis of H7N9 infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We developed a rapid diagnostic test for the novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus using anti-hemagglutinin (HA) monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting H7 in an immunochromatographic assay system. The assay limit of detection was 103.5 pfu/ml or 103TCID50 of H7N9 virus. The assay specifically detected H7N9 viral isolates and recombinant HA proteins of H7 subtypes including H7N7 and H7N9, but did not react with non-H7 subtypes including H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H5N9, and H9N2. The detection sensitivity was 59.4% (19/32) for H7N9 patients confirmed by RT-PCR. Moreover, the highest sensitivity of 61.5% (16/26) was obtained when testing H7N9 positive sputum samples while 35.7% (5/14) of nasopharyngeal swabs and 20% (2/10) of fecal samples tested positive. No false positive detection was found when testing 180 H7N9 negative samples. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our novel rapid assay can specifically detect H7 HA antigen, facilitating rapid diagnosis for prevention and control of the on-going H7N9 epidemic.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Vector Competence and Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus in
- Author
-
Xiaoxia, Guo, Chunxiao, Li, Yongqiang, Deng, Yuting, Jiang, Aijuan, Sun, Qinmei, Liu, Yande, Dong, Dan, Xing, Wuchun, Cao, Chengfeng, Qin, and Tongyan, Zhao
- Subjects
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Ovary ,Mosquito Vectors ,Zika Virus ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,Salivary Glands ,Cell Line ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Aedes ,Larva ,Disease Transmission, Infectious ,Animals ,Female ,Ovum - Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen belonging to the genus
- Published
- 2020
26. Landscape of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in China: impact of ecology, climate, and behavior
- Author
-
Wenbo Xu, Qiyong Liu, Xiaobo Liu, Zhujun Shao, Lei Xu, Hai Jiang, Shan Lu, Sun Jin, Wuchun Cao, Jianguo Xu, Han Zheng, Jiafu Jiang, Yanwen Xiong, and Jieping Zhou
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Climate ,infectious disease profile ,Review ,Communicable Diseases ,Communicable Diseases, Emerging ,Disease Outbreaks ,emerging infectious diseases ,Dengue fever ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Urbanization ,medicine ,Humans ,influence factor ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Behavior ,Ecology ,Incidence ,Public health ,Outbreak ,Brucellosis ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Geography ,Infectious disease (medical specialty) ,Syphilis ,Forecasting - Abstract
For the past several decades, the infectious disease profile in China has been shifting with rapid developments in social and economic aspects, environment, quality of food, water, housing, and public health infrastructure. Notably, 5 notifiable infectious diseases have been almost eradicated, and the incidence of 18 additional notifiable infectious diseases has been significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, the incidence of over 10 notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, brucellosis, syphilis, and dengue fever, has been increasing. Nevertheless, frequent infectious disease outbreaks/events have been reported almost every year, and imported infectious diseases have increased since 2015. New pathogens and over 100 new genotypes or serotypes of known pathogens have been identified. Some infectious diseases seem to be exacerbated by various factors, including rapid urbanization, large numbers of migrant workers, changes in climate, ecology, and policies, such as returning farmland to forests. This review summarizes the current experiences and lessons from China in managing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially the effects of ecology, climate, and behavior, which should have merits in helping other countries to control and prevent infectious diseases. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11684-017-0605-9 and is accessible for authorized users.
- Published
- 2018
27. The severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in mainland China dissected
- Author
-
Wuchun Cao, Sake J. De Vlas, and Jan H. Richardus
- Subjects
SARS, China, case fatality ratio, avascular necrosis, epidemic preparedness ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 - Abstract
This paper provides a review of a recently published series of studies that give a detailed and comprehensive documentation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in mainland China, which severely struck the country in the spring of 2003. The epidemic spanned a large geographical extent but clustered in two areas: first in Guangdong Province, and about 3 months later in Beijing with its surrounding areas. Reanalysis of all available epidemiological data resulted in a total of 5327 probable cases of SARS, of whom 343 died. The resulting case fatality ratio (CFR) of 6.4% was less than half of that in other SARS-affected countries or areas, and this difference could only partly be explained by younger age of patients and higher number of community acquired infections. Analysis of the impact of interventions demonstrated that strong political commitment and a centrally coordinated response was the most important factor to control SARS in mainland China, whereas the most stringent control measures were all initiated when the epidemic was already dying down. The long-term economic consequence of the epidemic was limited, much consumption was merely postponed, but for Beijing irrecoverable losses to the tourist sector were considerable. An important finding from a cohort study was that many former SARS patients currently suffer from avascular osteonecrosis, as a consequence of the treatment with corticosteroids during their infection. The SARS epidemic provided valuable information and lessons relevant in controlling outbreaks of newly emerging infectious diseases, and has led to fundamental reforms of the Chinese health system. In particular, a comprehensive nation-wide internet-based disease reporting system was established.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Discovery of DNA viruses in wild-caught mosquitoes using small RNA high throughput sequencing.
- Author
-
Maijuan Ma, Yong Huang, Zhengda Gong, Lu Zhuang, Cun Li, Hong Yang, Yigang Tong, Wei Liu, and Wuchun Cao
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundMosquito-borne infectious diseases pose a severe threat to public health in many areas of the world. Current methods for pathogen detection and surveillance are usually dependent on prior knowledge of the etiologic agents involved. Hence, efficient approaches are required for screening wild mosquito populations to detect known and unknown pathogens.Methodology/principal findingsIn this study, we explored the use of Next Generation Sequencing to identify viral agents in wild-caught mosquitoes. We extracted total RNA from different mosquito species from South China. Small 18-30 bp length RNA molecules were purified, reverse-transcribed into cDNA and sequenced using Illumina GAIIx instrumentation. Bioinformatic analyses to identify putative viral agents were conducted and the results confirmed by PCR. We identified a non-enveloped single-stranded DNA densovirus in the wild-caught Culex pipiens molestus mosquitoes. The majority of the viral transcripts (.>80% of the region) were covered by the small viral RNAs, with a few peaks of very high coverage obtained. The +/- strand sequence ratio of the small RNAs was approximately 7∶1, indicating that the molecules were mainly derived from the viral RNA transcripts. The small viral RNAs overlapped, enabling contig assembly of the viral genome sequence. We identified some small RNAs in the reverse repeat regions of the viral 5'- and 3' -untranslated regions where no transcripts were expected.Conclusions/significanceOur results demonstrate for the first time that high throughput sequencing of small RNA is feasible for identifying viral agents in wild-caught mosquitoes. Our results show that it is possible to detect DNA viruses by sequencing the small RNAs obtained from insects, although the underlying mechanism of small viral RNA biogenesis is unclear. Our data and those of other researchers show that high throughput small RNA sequencing can be used for pathogen surveillance in wild mosquito vectors.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Genetic variation of the human α-2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG) gene associated with the risk of SARS-CoV infection.
- Author
-
Xiaohui Zhu, Yan Wang, Hongxing Zhang, Xuan Liu, Ting Chen, Ruifu Yang, Yuling Shi, Wuchun Cao, Ping Li, Qingjun Ma, Yun Zhai, Fuchu He, Gangqiao Zhou, and Cheng Cao
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Genetic background may play an important role in the process of SARS-CoV infection and SARS development. We found several proteins that could interact with the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). α-2-Heremans-Schmid Glycoprotein (AHSG), which is required for macrophage deactivation by endogenous cations, is associated with inflammatory regulation. Cytochrome P450 Family 3A (CYP4F3A) is an ω-oxidase that inactivates Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in human neutrophils and the liver. We investigated the association between the polymorphisms of these two inflammation-associated genes and SARS development. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) maps of these two genes were built with Haploview using data on CHB+JPT (version 2) from the HapMap. A total of ten tag SNPs were selected and genotyped. In the Guangzhou cohort study, after adjusting for age and sex, two AHSG SNPs and one CYP4F3 SNP were found to be associated with SARS susceptibility: rs2248690 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-4.51); rs4917 (AOR 1.84; 95% CI 1.02-3.34); and rs3794987 (AOR 2.01; 95% CI 1.10-3.68). To further validate the association, the ten tag SNPs were genotyped in the Beijing cohort. After adjusting for age and sex, only rs2248690 (AOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.30-2.04) was found to be associated with SARS susceptibility. The combined analysis of the two studies confirmed tag SNP rs2248690 in AHSG as a susceptibility variant (AOR 1.70; 95% CI 1.37-2.09). The statistical analysis of the rs2248690 genotype data among the patients and healthy controls in the HCW cohort, who were all similarly exposed to the SARS virus, also supported the findings. Further, the SNP rs2248690 affected the transcriptional activity of the AHSG promoter and thus regulated the AHSG serum level. Therefore, our study has demonstrated that the AA genotype of rs2268690, which leads to a higher AHSG serum concentration, was significantly associated with protection against SARS development.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Combining spatial-temporal and phylogenetic analysis approaches for improved understanding on global H5N1 transmission.
- Author
-
Lu Liang, Bing Xu, Yanlei Chen, Yang Liu, Wuchun Cao, Liqun Fang, Limin Feng, Michael F Goodchild, and Peng Gong
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since late 2003, the highly pathogenic influenza A H5N1 had initiated several outbreak waves that swept across the Eurasia and Africa continents. Getting prepared for reassortment or mutation of H5N1 viruses has become a global priority. Although the spreading mechanism of H5N1 has been studied from different perspectives, its main transmission agents and spread route problems remain unsolved. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Based on a compilation of the time and location of global H5N1 outbreaks from November 2003 to December 2006, we report an interdisciplinary effort that combines the geospatial informatics approach with a bioinformatics approach to form an improved understanding on the transmission mechanisms of H5N1 virus. Through a spherical coordinate based analysis, which is not conventionally done in geographical analyses, we reveal obvious spatial and temporal clusters of global H5N1 cases on different scales, which we consider to be associated with two different transmission modes of H5N1 viruses. Then through an interdisciplinary study of both geographic and phylogenetic analysis, we obtain a H5N1 spreading route map. Our results provide insight on competing hypotheses as to which avian hosts are responsible for the spread of H5N1. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We found that although South China and Southeast Asia may be the virus pool of avian flu, East Siberia may be the source of the H5N1 epidemic. The concentration of migratory birds from different places increases the possibility of gene mutation. Special attention should be paid to East Siberia, Middle Siberia and South China for improved surveillance of H5N1 viruses and monitoring of migratory birds.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Retraction notice to ‘What we have learnt from the SARS epdemics in mainland China?’ <Global Health Journal volume 3 (2019) 55-59>
- Author
-
Dan Xiao, Liqun Fang, and Wuchun Cao
- Subjects
Mainland China ,Disease reporting ,Geography ,Beijing ,Notice ,Environmental health ,Case fatality rate ,MEDLINE ,Outbreak - Abstract
This article provides an overview of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemics in mainland China and of what we have learned since the outbreak. The epidemics spanned a large geographical extent but clustered in two regions: first in Guangdong Province, and about 3 months later in Beijing and its surrounding areas. The resulting case fatality ratio of 6.4% was less than half of that in other SARS-affected countries and regions, partly due to younger-aged patients and a higher proportion of community-acquired infections. Strong political commitment and a centrally coordinated response were most important for controlling SARS. The long-term economic consequence of the epidemic was limited. Many recovered patients suffered from avascular osteonecrosis, as a consequence of corticosteroid usage during their infection. The SARS epidemic provided valuable experience and lessons relevant in controlling outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, and has led to fundamental reforms of the Chinese health system. Additionally, the epidemic has substantially improved infrastructures, surveillance systems, and capacity to response to health emergencies. In particular, a comprehensive nationwide internet-based disease reporting system was established.
- Published
- 2021
32. Crowd evacuation simulation for bioterrorism in micro-spatial environments based on virtual geographic environments
- Author
-
Yi Li, Tiejun Cui, Yiquan Song, Jianhua Gong, Liqun Fang, and Wuchun Cao
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Engineering ,Emergency management ,business.industry ,Real-time computing ,Population ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Poison control ,Grid ,Transport engineering ,Beijing ,Herding ,Crowd simulation ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,education ,business ,Safety Research ,Spatial analysis - Abstract
Urban management requires assessing bioterrorism response in micro-spatial environments, modeling potential attacks and carrying out efficient risk assessment. This paper presents the method of crowd evacuation simulation for bioterrorism in micro-spatial environments using the basic theory of Virtual Geographic Environments (VGE), combined with pathogen diffusion and crowd simulation modeling techniques. A framework of evacuation simulation was presented in this paper and the key technologies to implement the framework, including grid-based spatial data environment, agent-based individual model, and the method of associated individual behavior with spatial environment were also proposed to simulating crowd behaviors in bioterrorism. Taking the Olympic Park station of the Beijing Metro Line 8 as a typical study area, a crowd evacuation simulation prototype system was developed and a quasi-experiment using three different scenarios was conducted. The prototype system can be used to demonstrate some emergent individual behaviors in bioterrorism, such as competitive, queuing, and herding. Details can be obtained at each computation step (e.g., the number of people in subway station, the region of population, the geo-location of individual, the exposed population in polluted areas) with the prototype system. In the experiments, the number of people exposed is constantly increasing with the gradually increase of contaminant area as time pass. And different scenes were appeared for the different way of deal with bioterrorism. With the experiment, the number of people affected and the relevant parameters under various bioterrorism scenarios can be estimated, which can support rapid and efficient emergency decision-making for bioterrorism prevention.
- Published
- 2013
33. [The major progress on the Ebola virus disease study and international Ebola virus testing in Sierra Leone]
- Author
-
Wei, Liu, Tongyu, Fang, and Wuchun, Cao
- Published
- 2016
34. Analysis of Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Pandemic SARS Spread in Mainland China
- Author
-
Wei Chen, Wuchun Cao, Chunxiang Cao, Jinfeng Wang, Jian Zhao, and Sheng Zheng
- Subjects
Mainland China ,China ,Article Subject ,030231 tropical medicine ,lcsh:Medicine ,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ,Covariance model ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,law.invention ,Disease Outbreaks ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Spatio-Temporal Analysis ,law ,Bayesian maximum entropy ,Pandemic ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Temporal scales ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Pandemics ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,fungi ,lcsh:R ,Outbreak ,General Medicine ,Spatial heterogeneity ,body regions ,Geography ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Cartography ,Research Article - Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is one of the most severe emerging infectious diseases of the 21st century so far. SARS caused a pandemic that spread throughout mainland China for 7 months, infecting 5318 persons in 194 administrative regions. Using detailed mainland China epidemiological data, we study spatiotemporal aspects of this person-to-person contagious disease and simulate its spatiotemporal transmission dynamics via the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) method. The BME reveals that SARS outbreaks show autocorrelation within certain spatial and temporal distances. We use BME to fit a theoretical covariance model that has a sine hole spatial component and exponential temporal component and obtain the weights of geographical and temporal autocorrelation factors. Using the covariance model, SARS dynamics were estimated and simulated under the most probable conditions. Our study suggests that SARS transmission varies in its epidemiological characteristics and SARS outbreak distributions exhibit palpable clusters on both spatial and temporal scales. In addition, the BME modelling demonstrates that SARS transmission features are affected by spatial heterogeneity, so we analyze potential causes. This may benefit epidemiological control of pandemic infectious diseases.
- Published
- 2016
35. Risk analysis for the highly pathogenic avian influenza in Mainland China using meta-modeling
- Author
-
Yong Xue, Chaoyi Chang, Wei Chen, Jian Zhao, Liqun Fang, Shaobo Zhong, Xiaowen Li, Wuchun Cao, Mengxu Gao, Chunxiang Cao, Hao Zhang, Min Xu, Qisheng He, and Sheng Zheng
- Subjects
Mainland China ,Risk analysis ,animal diseases ,medicine.disease_cause ,Logistic regression ,meta-modeling ,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ,Article ,law.invention ,remote sensing ,law ,spatiotemporal autocorrelation ,medicine ,Waterfowl ,highly pathogenic avian influenza ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,logistic regression ,Outbreak ,virus diseases ,biology.organism_classification ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Geography ,Bayesian maximum entropy ,Cartography ,Demography ,geographical information system - Abstract
A logistic model was employed to correlate the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) with related environmental factors and the migration of birds. Based on MODIS data of the normalized difference vegetation index, environmental factors were considered in generating a probability map with the aid of logistic regression. A Bayesian maximum entropy model was employed to explore the spatial and temporal correlations of HPAI incidence. The results show that proximity to water bodies and national highways was statistically relevant to the occurrence of HPAI. Migratory birds, mainly waterfowl, were important infection sources in HPAI transmission. In addition, the HPAI outbreaks had high spatiotemporal autocorrelation. This epidemic spatial range fluctuated 45 km owing to different distribution patterns of cities and water bodies. Furthermore, two outbreaks were likely to occur with a period of 22 d. The potential risk of occurrence of HPAI in Mainland China for the period from January 23 to February 17, 2004 was simulated based on these findings, providing a useful meta-model framework for the application of environmental factors in the prediction of HPAI risk.
- Published
- 2010
36. Identification and Characterization of Novel Immunogenic Proteins of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2
- Author
-
Wenjun Li, Yuling Zheng, Kaihua Wei, Hongran Geng, Hengliang Wang, Jie Wang, Wuchun Cao, Yongqiang Jiang, Wei Zhang, Yuan Yuan, and Li Zhu
- Subjects
Serotype ,Streptococcus suis ,Swine ,Information Storage and Retrieval ,Virulence ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Immunoproteomics ,Microbiology ,Bacterial Proteins ,Animals ,Humans ,Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ,Rats, Wistar ,DNA Primers ,Antiserum ,Streptococcus suis serotype 2 ,Base Sequence ,Immune Sera ,Immunogenicity ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Virology ,Rats ,Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ,biology.protein ,Antibody - Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic pathogen, caused serious outbreaks in humans with high mortality rates in the past decade. To develop safer and more effective vaccines, particularly for human protection, cell wall and extracellular proteins of S. suis serotype 2 were analyzed by an immunoproteomic approach in this study. Thirty-two proteins with high immunogenicity were identified and 22 of them were newly identified. Further analyses of 9 selected proteins revealed that (1) these 9 proteins were expressed in all tested virulent S. suis serotype 2 isolates, (2) antisera against 6 of the selected proteins efficiently killed the bacteria by opsonized phagocytosis in human blood, and (3) significantly higher levels of serum antibodies against 3 proteins were detected in both patients and infected swines. Therefore, our results suggest the 3 proteins (SSU98_0197, SSU98_1094 and SSU1664) have strong potential to be vaccine candidates.
- Published
- 2008
37. Pathogen Burden in Essential Hypertension
- Author
-
Yanbin Liu, Li-juan Liu, Xianyu Zhang, Yonghong Zhang, Weijun Tong, Wuchun Cao, and Hong Ye
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,China ,Mycoplasma pneumoniae ,Coxsackievirus Infections ,Biology ,Antibodies, Viral ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virus ,Helicobacter Infections ,Risk Factors ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ,Odds Ratio ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Chlamydophila Infections ,Pathogen ,Enterovirus ,Chlamydia ,Helicobacter pylori ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Chlamydophila pneumoniae ,Middle Aged ,Viral Load ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Immunoglobulin G ,Hypertension ,Immunology ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Viral load - Abstract
Background Associations between pathogens and hypertension (HT) has been reported, but few studies have focused on the relationship between aggregate pathogens and HT. The present study explored whether the risk of HT is associated with each pathogen (defined as Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniaee), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Coxsackie virus) or with aggregate pathogens in Chinese Mongolians. Methods and Results One thousand and thirty Chinese Mongolians aged 30 years or more were recruited, including 488 hypertensive and 942 normotensive subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect IgG antibodies for C. pneumoniaee, M. pneumoniae, H. pylori and Coxsackie virus. The seroprevalence of Coxsackie virus was significantly associated with HT (odds ratio (OR) 3.7 after adjustment for risk factors), but no significant association was found for C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae and H. pylori (OR 1.32, 0.75 and 1.19, respectively). The results also showed that the risk of HT was associated with the aggregate pathogens: it increased with the increasing number of pathogens, and the ORs were 1.629, 2.653, 2.129, and 5.146 for 1, 2, 3 and 4 pathogens, respectively, after controlling for risk factors. Conclusion The risk of HT is associated with Coxsackie virus and aggregate pathogen load. The mechanism(s) underlying the associations remain to be elucidated further. (Circ J 2007; 71: 1761 - 1764)
- Published
- 2007
38. [Analysis on impact of meteorological factors on incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease based on Bayes spatial-temporal theory]
- Author
-
Chao, Wang, Liqun, Fang, Wuchun, Cao, Yingjie, Zhang, Kai, Cao, Qin, Xu, and Xiuhua, Guo
- Subjects
China ,Meteorological Concepts ,Incidence ,Temperature ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,Bayes Theorem ,Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - Abstract
To understand the impact of meteorological factors on the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in China.Bayesian hierarchical model [Besag, York, and Mollie' (BYM) model] was used to fit the data. The fitting effects of uncorrelated heterogeneity (UH) model, correlated heterogeneity (CH) model and spatial and temporal interaction model were compared and the best model was selected to analyze the meteorological factors influencing the incidence of HFMD.The UH+CH model with spatial and temporal interaction had best fitting effect (DIC=35,507.2). Rainfall (RR=1.0517, 95% CI: 1.0504-1.0525), average temperature (RR=1.0896, 95% CI: 1.078 1-1.1069), average relative humidity (RR=1.0890, 95% CI: 1.0821-1.0912), average air pressure (RR=1.0764, 95% CI: 1.0748-1.0779) and hours of sunshine (RR=1.0851, 95% CI: 1.0798-1.0875) were the meteorological factors influencing the incidence of HFMD.The incidence of HFMD had spatial and temporal clustering characteristics. The meteorological factors were closely related with the incidence of HFMD.
- Published
- 2015
39. Ehrlichiaeand Ehrlichial Diseases in China
- Author
-
Wuchun Cao, Hua Pan, and Bohai Wen
- Subjects
China ,Rhipicephalus sanguineus ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Ehrlichia ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,law.invention ,Ticks ,Lyme disease ,History and Philosophy of Science ,law ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Phylogeny ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Base Sequence ,Geography ,biology ,General Neuroscience ,Ehrlichiosis ,Amblyomma testudinarium ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,medicine.disease ,16S ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Ehrlichia chaffeensis ,Canis ,Muntiacus reevesi ,Sequence Alignment - Abstract
The various ticks collected from different areas of China were examined for the existence of ehrlichial agents by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genus- or species-specific primers designed on the basis of ehrlichial 16S rRNA genes and sequence analyses. In southern China, E. chaffeensis was detected in Amblyomma testudinarium ticks from infested cattle, Haemaphysalis yeni ticks from hare, and Ixodes ovatus ticks from Muntiacus reevesi. E. canis was identified in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from dogs and Boophilus microplus ticks from goats. A new species of the genus Ehrlichia, closely related to E. chaffeensis, and Anaplasma marginale were found in B. microplus ticks from cattle in Tibet. In northern China, E. chaffeensis was detected in Dermacentor silvarum and I. persulcatus ticks; the granulocytic ehrlichial agents were detected in I. persulcatus ticks from an area where Lyme disease is endemic. Canine ehrlichiosis was found in southern China and E. canis and E. platys were identified in dogs; human ehrlichioses were demonstrated by amplifying the 16S rRNA genes of E. chaffeensis and granulocytic ehrlichial agents from patients' blood specimens. In comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the sequences of E. chaffeensis, E. canis, and E. platys in China were found to be different from that in other countries at certain nucleotide positions. These results reveal that a variety of tick-borne ehrlichial agents and diseases exist in China, and the ehrlichial agents and their tick-vectors are same as or different from that in other countries at species or strain levels.
- Published
- 2003
40. A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus (Isolate BJ01)
- Author
-
Gang Tan, Cui’e Wang, Qingfa Wu, Ruifu Yang, Bohua Liu, Xiaoyu Li, Yu Zhang, Bin Liu, Hong Lu, Yujun Han, Wei Lin, Yajun Deng, Fushuang Lu, Changfeng Li, Wuchun Cao, E-De Qin, Feng Zhang, Jian Wang, Guoqing Li, Lin Tang, Wei Li, Jun Wang, Jianping Shi, Zuyuan Xu, Huanming Yang, Meng Lei, Hong Liu, Bingyin Si, Jun Yu, Yuquan Li, Zongzhong Tong, Qingyu Zhu, Baoan Yang, Yong-Qiang Deng, Baochang Fan, Weijun Chen, Wei Dong, Siqi Liu, Yan Li, Gane K-S Wong, Songgang Li, Guohui Chang, Man Yu, Wenjie Li, Wenming Peng, Tao Jiang, and Yonghua Gan
- Subjects
Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,viruses ,coronavirus ,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) ,Sequence alignment ,Biology ,phylogeny ,medicine.disease_cause ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Genome ,Article ,Virus ,Complete sequence ,medicine ,Coronaviridae ,ORFS ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,genome ,Gene ,Coronavirus - Abstract
The genome sequence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-associated virus provides essential information for the identification of pathogen(s), exploration of etiology and evolution, interpretation of transmission and pathogenesis, development of diagnostics, prevention by future vaccination, and treatment by developing new drugs. We report the complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of an isolate (BJ01) of the coronavirus that has been recognized as a pathogen for SARS. The genome is 29725 nt in size and has 11 ORFs (Open Reading Frames). It is composed of a stable region encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (composed of 2 ORFs) and a variable region representing 4 CDSs (coding sequences) for viral structural genes (the S, E, M, N proteins) and 5 PUPs (putative uncharacterized proteins). Its gene order is identical to that of other known coronaviruses. The sequence alignment with all known RNA viruses places this virus as a member in the family of Coronaviridae. Thirty putative substitutions have been identified by comparative analysis of the 5 SARS-associated virus genome sequences in GenBank. Fifteen of them lead to possible amino acid changes (non-synonymous mutations) in the proteins. Three amino acid changes, with predicted alteration of physical and chemical features, have been detected in the S protein that is postulated to be involved in the immunoreactions between the virus and its host. Two amino acid changes have been detected in the M protein, which could be related to viral envelope formation. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the possibility of non-human origin of the SARS-associated viruses but provides no evidence that they are man-made. Further efforts should focus on identifying the etiology of the SARS-associated virus and ruling out conclusively the existence of other possible SARS-related pathogen(s).
- Published
- 2003
41. Vector competence of the tick Ixodes sinensis (Acari: Ixodidae) for Rickettsia monacensis
- Author
-
Wendong Ju, Xiaodong Ye, Xin Wang, Yi Sun, Wuchun Cao, and Mingyu Wu
- Subjects
Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Transovarial transmission ,Tick ,Transstadial transmission ,Mice ,Animals ,Acari ,Rickettsia ,Nymph ,Phylogeny ,Life Cycle Stages ,Ixodes sinensis ,biology ,Ixodes ,Research ,Rickettsia Infections ,Rickettsia monacensis ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Spotted fever ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Arachnid Vectors ,Female ,Vector competence ,Ixodidae - Abstract
Background Cases of Mediterranean Spotted Fever like rickettsioses, caused by Rickettsia monacensis, have become more common in the last 10 years. In China, natural infection of R. monacensis in various tick species has been confirmed but the vector(s) of R. monacensis have not been recorded. Methods The prevalence of R. monacensis in >1500 Ixodidae ticks from central and southern China was determined using centrifugation-shell vial culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques. The predominant species, Ixodes sinensis, harbored a natural infection of R. monacensis and was assumed to be a vector candidate of R. monacensis. Experimental transmissions were initialized by infecting Rickettsia-free tick colonies with R. monacensis using capillary tube feeding (CTF) or immersion techniques. Transstadial and transovarial transmissions, and transmission from ticks to mice, were conducted under laboratory conditions. Results R. monacensis was isolated and identified from hemolymph of Ixodes sinensis using molecular techniques. Transovarial transmission of R. monacensis from infected ♀I. sinensis to offspring was documented and infected offspring successfully passed Rickettsia to mice. Transstadial transmission rates were 58% in larva to nymph and 56% in nymph to adult stages. Infected nymphs and adults were also able to infect mice. Conclusions I. sinensis is a competence vector for R. monacensis as demonstrated by natural infection and transmission studies.
- Published
- 2014
42. Novel Susceptibility Loci for Moyamoya Disease Revealed by a Genome-Wide Association Study.
- Author
-
Lian Duan, Ling Wei, Yanghua Tian, Zhengshan Zhang, Panpan Hu, Qiang Wei, Sugang Liu, Jun Zhang, Yuyang Wang, Desheng Li, Weizhong Yang, Rui Zong, Peng Xian, Cong Han, Xiangyang Bao, Feng Zhao, Jie Feng, Wei Liu, Wuchun Cao, and Guoping Zhou
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Comprehensive Analysis of Pathogen-specific Antibody Response in Vivo Based on an Antigen Library Displayed on Surface of Yeast*
- Author
-
Tianxia Guan, Linlin Guo, Qing Zhao, Boping Zhou, Linqi Zhang, Wuchun Cao, Teng Zuo, Xuanling Shi, Mark Goldin, Zhonghua Liu, Xian-Ming Pan, and Na Jia
- Subjects
Models, Molecular ,China ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Hemagglutinin (influenza) ,Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Microbiology ,Mice ,Antigen ,Orthomyxoviridae Infections ,Species Specificity ,Antibody Specificity ,Peptide Library ,Influenza, Human ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Peptide library ,Molecular Biology ,Pathogen ,Antigens, Viral ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Cell Biology ,Cell sorting ,Virology ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,Polyclonal antibodies ,Antibody Formation ,biology.protein ,Immunization ,Antibody - Abstract
Host antibody response is a crucial defense against pathogenic infection. Here, we report a novel technique allowing quantitative measurement of polyclonal antibody response in vivo. This involves expression of a combinatorial library of target proteins from a candidate pathogen on the surface of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After mixing with serum/plasma from infected or immunized subjects, positive yeast clones were isolated via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Using this technique, we have studied mouse immunized serum with recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) protein from a human influenza H5N1 strain (A/Anhui/1/2005) and convalescent plasma from an infected human in China. Our technique has identified novel antigenic domains targeted by serum/plasma and allowed calculation of the relative proportion of the antibody response against each domain. We believe such systematic measurement of an antibody response is unprecedented, and applying this method to different pathogens will improve understanding of protective immunity and guide development of vaccines and therapeutics.
- Published
- 2011
44. Prevalence of Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae-Like Bacteria in Ixodid Ticks at 13 Sites on the Chinese-Russian Border
- Author
-
Yi, Sun, primary, Hongrong, Jiang, additional, Wuchun, Cao, additional, Weiming, Fu, additional, Wendong, Ju, additional, and Xin, Wang, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Design and Implementation of Mobile GeoSpatial Information System for Public Health Emergency
- Author
-
Wuchun Cao, Liqun Wang, Lihui Zhang, Jinjin Zhang, Weixing Wang, and Jianhua Gong
- Subjects
Mobile radio ,Geospatial analysis ,Geographic information system ,Wireless network ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Mobile computing ,Mobile Web ,computer.software_genre ,Public land mobile network ,World Wide Web ,GSM ,Mobile technology ,Mobile telephony ,General Packet Radio Service ,business ,computer ,Mobile device ,Mobile collaboration - Abstract
As mobile devices like Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) or Handheld PC (HPC) are rapidly developing and the wireless Internet is increasingly used, interests in the mobile geospatial information system are gradually expanded. Nowadays, the outbreak of emergent public health events can be heard more often than before and make lots of people ill in a short time. How to deal with the events much more rapidly and efficiently are the main factors needed to be considered. With the development of mobile devices and wireless network, according to the characteristics of emergent public health event, the authors have designed and implemented a mobile geospatial information system based on PDA for public health emergency. The platform integrates the technologies of Geographic Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and General Packer Radio Service (GPRS). Based on platform, the paper conducts an experimental case study of HFRS (Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome) fieldwork, and test the effectiveness and usefulness of field survey based on mobile collaboration.
- Published
- 2009
46. Visual Data Mining of SARS Distribution Using Self-Organization Maps
- Author
-
Wuchun Cao, Liqun Fang, Bisong Hu, Jianhua Gong, and Yan-li Li
- Subjects
Self-organization ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Distribution (economics) ,Color image processing ,Data mining ,computer.software_genre ,business ,computer - Abstract
n/a
- Published
- 2009
47. Design and implementation of epidemiological field investigation method based on mobile collaboration
- Author
-
Dongchuan Wang, Lihui Zhang, Liqun Fang, Mingxiang Huang, Wuchun Cao, and Jianhua Gong
- Subjects
Engineering ,Geographic information system ,Interface (Java) ,business.industry ,Human–computer interaction ,Information system ,Information technology ,Mobile technology ,business ,Telecommunications equipment ,Field (geography) ,Mobile collaboration - Abstract
With the development of mobile technologies and the integration with the spatial information technologies, it becomes possible to provide a potential to develop new techno-support solutions to Epidemiological Field Investigation especially for the disposal of emergent public health events. Based on mobile technologies and virtual geographic environment, the authors have designed a model for collaborative work in four communication patterns, namely, S2S (Static to Static), M2S (Mobile to Static), S2M (Static to Mobile), and M2M (Mobile to Mobile). Based on the model mentioned above, this paper stresses to explore mobile online mapping regarding mobile collaboration and conducts an experimental case study of HFRS (Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome) fieldwork, and then develops a prototype system of emergent response disposition information system to test the effectiveness and usefulness of field survey based on mobile collaboration.
- Published
- 2008
48. Babesia microti-like rodent parasites isolated from Ixodes persulcatus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Heilongjiang Province, China
- Author
-
Rongman Xu, Liwei Yang, Yi Sun, Wuchun Cao, and Guoping Liu
- Subjects
China ,animal diseases ,Babesia ,Tick ,Ixodes persulcatus ,law.invention ,Rodent Diseases ,Mice ,law ,Babesiosis ,parasitic diseases ,Parasite hosting ,Animals ,Acari ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Phylogeny ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Ixodes ,General Medicine ,Ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ,Parasitology ,Ixodidae - Abstract
A Babesia microti-like rodent parasite was isolated from the tick, Ixodes persulcatus, collected from the northern forest area of Heilongjiang province, China. The collected I. persulcatus were allowed to feed on specific pathogen-free SCID mice and red blood cells from the mice were used to isolate Babesia spp. with the microareophilous stationary-phase culture technique. Paired and tetrad forms of merozoites were observed by light microscope in red blood cells of SCID mice. In vitro growth of the parasites was also achieved in mice erythrocytes, which indicated the presence of Babesia spp. in I. persulactus. To further identify the Babesia species, polymerase chain reaction screening and subsequent sequencing of nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA (nss-rRNA) was employed. The results indicate that the observed parasites might be an isolate strain responsible for human babesiosis – B. microti – which has 99.3% identity with that of B. microti isolate RcM5201 (AB112050) from Mishan in Heilongjiang and Kobe isolates from Japan. In addition, the infection rate of B. microti in I. persulcatus ticks in the region was 3.6–4.0% in adult females and no infection in males. Though the infection rate is low, the high attack frequency of tick species on local residents indicates the risk of human babesiosis in the region and the necessity of precautionary measures.
- Published
- 2007
49. Risk Factors Analysis of High Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Mainland China Using GIS and Remote Sensing
- Author
-
Guoyin Cai, Liqun Fang, Wuchun Cao, Chunxiang Cao, Yong Xue, Shaobo Zhong, Xiaowen Li, and Jianping Guo
- Subjects
Mainland China ,Geographic information system ,Land surface temperature ,business.industry ,viruses ,animal diseases ,food and beverages ,virus diseases ,Outbreak ,medicine.disease_cause ,complex mixtures ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Geography ,Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,medicine ,Disease prevention ,business ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Remote sensing and geographic information system, combined with methods of spatial statistics, provide powerful new tools for understanding the epidemiology of diseases and for improving disease prevention and control, the same holds true in high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemic. The study is to determine such risk factors as distance from HPAI outbreak sites to highway using GIS, and land surface temperature around HPAI outbreak sites retrieved from RS image by means of the self-iterative algorithm developed by us. Finally, A diagnostic study is made to investigate the relationship between water vapor above infected area of HPAI H5N1 and possibility of HPAI. We find that about 75.5 percent of HPAI outbreak between 0.5-2.0 g/cm2 of water vapor. Ultimately we would like to provide detailed and precise support information for governments to prevent and control HPAI epidemic.
- Published
- 2006
50. Preliminary Study of Avian Influenza A Infection Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
- Author
-
Chunxiang Cao, Wuchun Cao, Shaobo Zhong, Yong Xue, Jianping Guo, Xiaowen Li, and Liqun Fang
- Subjects
Avian Influenza A Virus ,Land use ,Range (biology) ,Computer science ,medicine ,virus diseases ,Outbreak ,Land cover ,H5N1 virus ,medicine.disease_cause ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Remote sensing - Abstract
The outbreak of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) infection has spread across all over the world from East-South Asia to Russia, Greece, Romania and Turkey. It will be important to find the transmission route and determine the environmental factor that affect the prevalence of avian influenza A virus. Based on the environmental parameters derived from remote sensing (RS) measurements and the avian influenza A (H5N1) infection case data in China during January 23, 2004 to February 24, 2004, the correlations between the outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza and the environmental parameters of the infected area, such as land surface temperature, was conducted using the spatial analysis abilities of GIS. The statistically significant association between the land use or land cover and outbreak of avian influenza A infection was found, i.e. about 86.4% of the 44 cases are in the cropland. Besides, by the buffering analysis, it is estimated that the vicinity at 50 km or so to main railways plays a key role in the spatial distribution of avian influenza A infection. Finally, we draw preliminary conclusion that the infection often outbreak in a certain range of land surface temperature etc probably due to in part the H5N1 virus implications.
- Published
- 2006
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.