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Objective: To evaluate the predictive performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in identifying and predicting pulmonary infections following liver transplantation and to investigate its association with patient outcomes within the initial four-week post-transplantation period. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 41 liver transplant patients with suspected pulmonary infections from August 2022 to May 2023. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected on the first postoperative day for metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) and culture. The predictive capability of mNGS for subsequent infections was assessed by monitoring inflammatory biomarkers and comparing the detection rates with culture methods. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Rt-PCR) was used to monitor Human betaherpesvirus 5 (CMV) and Human parvovirus B19 (B19) weekly during a four-week postoperative period. Inflammatory biomarkers and blood coagulation function were evaluated on specific days throughout the first, third, fifth, and during four weeks following surgery. The study was conducted until August 2023 to evaluate the patients' prognostic survival outcome, classifying them into groups based on the mortality and survival. Results: The analysis included a total of 41 patients, comprising 32 males and 9 females, with an average age of 52 (47, 63) years. Within one week after liver transplantation, there were 7 cases of bacterial infections, 5 cases of fungal infections, 19 cases of mixed infections, 8 cases without any infection, and 2 cases with unidentified pathogen-associated infections. mNGS successfully predicted 39 (72 %) strains of pathogens, while culture-based methods only detected 28 (52 %) strains. Among the 8 patients diagnosed as non-infected, culture methods identified positive results in 4 cases (50 %), whereas mNGS yielded positive results in 7 cases (87.5 %). The detection rates of CMV and B19 by Rt-PCR within 4 weeks after liver transplantation were 61 % and 17 %, respectively (25/41, 7/41) among the patients. During the study period, a total of 9 patients succumbed while 32 patients survived. The death group and the survival group exhibited significant differences in CRP, HGB, and INR levels at specific monitoring time points. The proportion of CMV detection in blood was significantly higher in the death group compared to the surviving group. Elevated CRP level was identified as a prognostic risk factor. Conclusions: Despite the presence of false positives, mNGS still presents a potential advantage in predicting pulmonary infection pathogens following liver transplantation. Furthermore, the levels of CRP and CMV carrier status within four weeks post-surgery exhibit significant associations with patient survival and prognosis.

Abstract Knowledge distillation can transfer the knowledge from the pre-trained teacher model to the student model, thus effectively accomplishing model compression. Previous studies have carefully crafted knowledge representation, targeting loss function design, and distillation location selection, but there have been few studies on the role of classifiers in distillation. Previous experiences have shown that the final classifier of the model has an essential role in making inferences, so this paper attempts to narrow the gap in performance between models by having the student model directly use the classifier of the teacher model for the final inference, which requires an additional projector to help match features of the student encoder with the teacher's classifier. However, a single projector cannot fully align the features, and integrating multiple projectors may result in better performance. Considering the balance between projector size and performance, through experiments, we obtain the size of projectors for different network combinations and propose a simple method for projector integration. In this way, the student model undergoes feature projection and then uses the classifiers of the teacher model for inference, obtaining a similar performance to the teacher model. Through extensive experiments on the CIFAR-100 and Tiny-ImageNet datasets, we show that our approach applies to various teacher–student frameworks simply and effectively.

Abstract Background With the rapid development of the economy and society, soil pollution is becoming more and more serious. Heavy metal cadmium (Cd) pollution is one of the typical problems, which poses a potentially serious threat to crop production and human health. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is a key enzyme in lignin synthesis and plays an important role in plant resistance to external stress. In this study, combined with bioinformatics analysis and expression pattern analysis, the members of the potato CAD family were identified, and their physical and chemical properties, evolutionary characteristics and chromosome location were clarified, as well as their regulatory effects on Cd tolerance. Results A total of 50 StCAD genes belonging to 6 subfamilies were obtained, and all of them were located in the cytoplasm. Members of the same family had similar gene structures and functional domains. The promoter region of each StCAD family member contains at least 5 or more abiotic stress response elements, indicating that the family had potential functions in regulating stress. According to the expression pattern analysis, most genes in this family were upregulated after Cd stress, further enhanced CAD activity and significantly promoted lignin accumulation in potato roots. Conclusion In summary, the StCAD family plays an important role in potato response to Cd stress. This study lays a foundation for further studies on the functions of the StCAD family and provides candidate genes for Cd resistance molecular breeding in potato. Graphical Abstract

ABSTRACTThis research focused on the preparation in microcapsules of mackerel protein hydrolysates by spray-drying, and their characteristics and stability were analyzed. The result indicated that the optimum conditions for preparing microcapsules were as follows: maltodextrin as the wall material, the ratio of mackerel protein hydrolysates to microporous starch was 2.2:1, and solid concentration was 12% at a temperature of 200°C. The prepared microcapsules had lower water content, better fluidity and persistency. In addition, the microcapsules had less foul odor, higher acceptance, better shape, and more stability.

Electrochromic materials are capable of reversibly switching their colors or optical properties through redox reactions under applied voltages, which have shown great potential applications including smart windows, non-emissive displays, optical filters, among others. Although the current rigid electrochromic devices have shown emerging interest and developed rapidly, many applications (e.g., wearable/deformable optoelectronics) are blocked due to their inflexible features. Herein, the adaption of rigid electrochromic devices to flexible ones is of particular interest for the new era of smart optoelectronics. In this review, the current state-of-the-art achievements of flexible electrochromic devices (FECDs) are highlighted, along with their design strategies and the choice of electrochromic materials. The recent research progress of FECDs is reviewed in detail, and the challenges and corresponding solutions for real-world applications of FECDs are discussed. Furthermore, we summarize the basic fabrication strategies of FECDs and their potential applications. In addition, the development trend, the perspectives, and the outlook of FECDs are discussed at the end of this Review, which may provide recommendations and potential directions to advance the practical applications of FECDs.

Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) has received extensive attention in recent years due to its diverse applications in soil and water conservation, heavy metal remediation, as well as essential oil and phenolic acids extraction. In 2019, the emergence of tar spot disease on C. zizanioides was documented in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. Initially, the disease manifested as black ascomata embedded within leaf tissue, either scattered or clustered on leaf surfaces. Subsequently, these ascomata became surrounded by fisheye lesions, characterised by brown, elliptical, necrotic haloes, which eventually coalesced, resulting in leaf withering. Koch’s postulates demonstrated that the fungus isolated from these lesions was the causal agent. Microscopic examination showed that the pathogen morphologically belonged to Microdochium. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the combined ITS, LSU, tub2 and rpb2 sequences revealed the three isolates including GDMCC 3.683, LNU-196 and LNU-197 to be a novel species of Microdochium. Combining the results of phylogenetic, pathogenicity and morphological analyses, we propose a new species named M. chrysopogonis as the causal agent of C. zizanioides in southern China. The optimum growth temperature for M. chrysopogonis was determined to be 30 °C. The in vitro fungicide sensitivity of M. chrysopogonis was determined using a mycelial growth assay. Four demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides, including difenoconazole, flusilazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole and one methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicide, carbendazim, were effective against M. chrysopogonis, with mean 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.077, 0.011, 0.004, 0.024 and 0.007 μg/ml, respectively. These findings provide essential references for the precise diagnosis and effective management of M. chrysopogonis.

Highlights La3+/Na+ bimetallically doped vanadate, designed for the first time, is promising in many electrochemical applications (e.g., batteries, electrochromics). This is the first report of electrochromic displays employing bimetallically doped vanadate. It is demonstrated for the first time that zinc dendrites and vanadate dissolution are significantly inhibited by employing an aqueous hybrid Zn2+/Na+ electrolyte.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. While immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved patient outcomes, their effectiveness is mostly limited to tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI-H/dMMR) or an increased tumor mutational burden, which comprise 10% of cases. Advancing personalized medicine in CRC hinges on identifying predictive biomarkers to guide treatment decisions. This comprehensive review examines established tissue markers such as KRAS and HER2, highlighting their roles in resistance to anti-EGFR agents and discussing advances in targeted therapies for these markers. Additionally, this review summarizes encouraging data on promising therapeutic targets and highlights the clinical utility of liquid biopsies. By synthesizing current evidence and identifying knowledge gaps, this review provides clinicians and researchers with a contemporary understanding of the biomarker landscape in CRC. Finally, the review examines future directions and challenges in translating promising biomarkers into clinical practice, with the goal of enhancing personalized medicine approaches for colorectal cancer patients.

Background The C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)/C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) axis plays a major role in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to characterize the molecular features associated with CCR5/CCL5 expression in CRC and to determine whether CCR5/CCL5 levels could impact treatment outcomes.Methods 7604 CRCs tested with NextGen Sequencing on DNA and RNA were analyzed. Molecular features were evaluated according to CCR5 and CCL5 tumor gene expression quartiles. The impact on treatment outcomes was assessed in two cohorts, including 6341 real-world patients and 429 patients from the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB)/SWOG 80405 trial.Results CCR5/CCL5 expression was higher in right-sided versus left-sided tumors, and positively associated with consensus molecular subtypes 1 and 4. Higher CCR5/CCL5 expression was associated with higher tumor mutational burden, deficiency in mismatch repair and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels. Additionally, high CCR5/CCL5 were associated with higher immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of MMR proficient tumors. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed upregulation of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy pathway, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) signaling in cytotoxic T lymphocytes, whereas several inflammation-related pathways were downregulated. Low CCR5/CCL5 expression was associated with increased benefit from cetuximab-FOLFOX treatment in the CALGB/SWOG 80405 trial, where significant treatment interaction was observed with biologic agents and chemotherapy backbone.Conclusions Our data show a strong association between CCR5/CCL5 gene expression and distinct molecular features, gene expression profiles, TME cell infiltration, and treatment benefit in CRC. Targeting the CCR5/CCL5 axis may have clinical applications in selected CRC subgroups and may play a key role in developing and deploying strategies to modulate the immune TME for CRC treatment.

Abstract Point cloud registration is of great significance to the reconstruction of high‐precision 3D city models. There are some challenges when aligning aerial and close‐range photogrammetric point clouds, such as huge view differences caused by the different sights of the sensors, massive noisy points due to the error in dense matching, and scale uncertainty since there are no control points for absolute orientation. To achieve complementary advantages of aerial and close‐range point clouds, in this paper, a robust cross‐source point clouds registration method is proposed using image visual context features and scale consistency. First, a cross‐view image matching method based on image visual context features is proposed to obtain corresponding points. Second, to overcome the challenges of noisy points and scale differences, an outlier filtering method is designed based on scale consistency. Finally, the dual quaternions model considering the scale factor is introduced to solve the spatial transformation model. To analyze the feasibility of this method qualitatively and quantitatively, experiments are conducted using the public scene dataset of Dortmund, Germany, and the scene dataset of Zhengzhou City, China. Three kinds of cross‐source point clouds registration experiments are conducted in this paper, including aerial and close‐range point clouds registration in Dortmund, and aerial and ground point clouds registrations in both Dortmund and Zhengzhou. The chamfer distances of the three sets of experiments are 4.48 m, 5.97 m and 4.78 m, respectively. The ablation study shows that the outlier filtering method and the dual quaternions model improve the accuracy by at least 14% and 25%, respectively. The experiments demonstrate that the method accomplishes the cross‐source point clouds registration in large‐scale scenes accurately and efficiently, providing a solid foundation for subsequent fine 3D reconstruction.

The accurate identification, detection, and segmentation of tea buds and leaves are important factors for realizing intelligent tea picking. A tea picking point location method based on the region-based convolutional neural network(R-CNN) Mask- RCNN is proposed, and a tea bud and leaf and picking point recognition model is established. First, tea buds and leaf pictures are collected in a complex environment, the Resnet50 residual network and a feature pyramid network (FPN) are used to extract bud and leaf features, and preliminary classification and preselection box regression training-performed on the feature maps through a regional proposal network (RPN). Second, the regional feature aggregation method (RoIAlign) is used to eliminate the quantization error, and the feature map of the preselected region of interest (ROI) is converted into a fixed-size feature map. The output module of the model realizes the functions of classification, regression and segmentation. Finally, through the output mask image and the positioning algorithm the positioning of the picking points of tea buds and leaves is determined. One hundred tea tree bud and leaf pictures in a complex environment are selected for testing. The experimental results show that the average detection accuracy rate reaches 93.95% and that the recall rate reaches 92.48%. The tea picking location method presented in this paper is more versatile and robust in complex environments.

Abstract Sodium (Na) ion batteries (SIBs) promise low‐cost energy storage systems but are still restricted by insufficient energy density. Introducing oxygen (O) redox into the design of the Na‐storage cathode is presently considered an effective avenue to generate extra capacity in solving the energy density bottleneck. The succeeding issues are how to overcome the irreversible electrochemical behavior accompanied by O release. Meanwhile, the O redox chemistry and subsequent structural evolution remain ambiguous so far. Here, we deliberate on the O redox mechanism in Na‐storage transition metal oxides. Challenges associated with the reaction irreversibility and structural collapse are summarized by virtue of the advanced characterization techniques. Beyond that, strategies that potentially enhance the electrochemical properties of O redox and future research perspectives on exploring useable O redox cathode materials are outlined.

Abstract Although the classification method based on the deep neural network has achieved excellent results in classification tasks, it is difficult to apply to real-time scenarios because of high memory footprints and prohibitive inference times. Compared to unstructured pruning, structured pruning techniques can reduce the computation cost of the model runtime more effectively, but inevitably reduces the precision of the model. Traditional methods use fine tuning to restore model damage performance. However, there is still a large gap between the pruned model and the original one. In this paper, we use progressive multi-level distillation learning to compensate for the loss caused by pruning. Pre-pruning and post-pruning networks serve as the teacher and student networks. The proposed approach utilizes the complementary properties of structured pruning and knowledge distillation, which allows the pruned network to learn the intermediate and output representations of the teacher network, thus reducing the influence of the model subject to pruning. Experiments demonstrate that our approach performs better on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and Tiny-ImageNet datasets with different pruning rates. For instance, GoogLeNet can achieve near lossless pruning on the CIFAR-10 dataset with 60% pruning. Moreover, this paper also proves that using the proposed distillation learning method during the pruning process achieves more significant performance gains than after completing the pruning.

AbstractBackground/Aims Acute pancreatitis is a common condition of the digestive system, but sometimes it develops into severe cases. In about 10–20% of patients, necrosis of the pancreas or its periphery occurs. Although most have aseptic necrosis, 30% of cases will develop infectious necrotizing pancreatitis. Infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP) requires a critical treatment approach. Minimally invasive surgical approach (MIS) and endoscopy are the management methods. This meta-analysis compares the outcomes of MIS and endoscopic treatments.Methods We searched a medical database until December 2022 to compare the results of endoscopic and MIS procedures for INP. We selected eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported treatment complications for the meta-analysis.Results Five RCTs comparing a total of 284 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Among them, 139 patients underwent MIS, while 145 underwent endoscopic procedures. The results showed significant differences (p 0.05) in the RR for death, bleeding, incisional hernia, percutaneous drainage, pancreatic endocrine deficiency, pancreatic exocrine deficiency, or the need for enzyme use.Conclusions Endoscopic management of INP performs better compared to surgical treatment due to its lower complication rate and higher patient life quality.

AbstractThe excavation of tunnels in karstic rocks inevitably intersects with karst caves even with reasonable geological survey and alignment design. The filler in karst caves directly affect the harmfulness of mud inrush geohazards to tunnels. Therefore, it is essential to understand the properties and failure characteristics of the filler in karst caves before treating karst caves. Based on a tunnel mud inrush case in Guangxi Province, China, failure characteristics and mechanism of clay filler in karst cave were analyzed. Besides, geological survey and geological prospecting indicate that the clay filler was formed by the deposition of surface clay entering the karst cave from the cracks of rock mass. The failure evolution process of clay filler was demonstrated based on discrete element method. The numerical simulation results show that excavation induced sliding force and insufficient shearing strength of clay were the mainly triggering of instability of clay filler in the karst cave. Advanced grouting, construction method improving were used to prevent mud inrush from bursting again and achieved satisfactory reinforcement effect. The lessons and analysis results in this case has reference value for the prevention of tunnel mud inrush in karst area.

The main technical means for preventing and controlling karst water damage in the coal seam floor of North China type coal fields are grouting transformation of the water-bearing rock layer. Currently, the main method for testing the grouting effect is to analyze the lithological features before and after grouting. There is a lack of tracking and dynamic monitoring of the entire grouting process, making it difficult to accurately evaluate the grouting effect. In order to solve the above problems, an inter hole resistivity monitoring system is introduced to monitor the entire process of resistivity changes in grouting transformed rock layers, in order to achieve precise detection of the slurry diffusion range. Firstly, an improved electrode and cable device is used to place the resistivity monitoring system in a long directional borehole on the coal seam floor, achieving resistivity monitoring between boreholes. Secondly, a geological model of slurry diffusion is constructed, and the simulated data is processed and interpreted using three-dimensional resistivity inversion. Finally, engineering tests are conducted on the inter hole resistivity monitoring of the entire grouting process at the injection layer underground in the coal mine. The simulation results indicate that inter hole resistivity monitoring can identify the diffusion range of slurry anomalies. Based on the trend of resistivity changes over time, the diffusion range of slurry can be inferred. As the slurry gradually diffuses, the range of anomalous areas gradually increases and the intensity of anomalies gradually increases. The engineering test results show that the resistivity monitoring system is arranged on the grouting layer through drilling for dynamic monitoring. After three-dimensional inversion imaging of the monitoring data, the features of resistivity changes in the grouting layer caused by slurry diffusion can be successfully captured. It provides a feasible technical solution for detecting the grouting effect in coal mines.

Abstract Methylation of RNA plays an important role in cancer. Classical forms of such modifications include N6-methyladenine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and N1-methyladenine (m1A). Methylation-regulated long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are involved in various biological processes, such as tumor proliferation, apoptosis, immune escape, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, we performed an analysis of transcriptomic and clinical data of pancreatic cancer samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Using the co-expression method, we summarized 44 m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes and obtained 218 methylation-associated lncRNAs. Next, with COX regression, we screened 39 lncRNAs that are strongly associated with prognosis and found that their expression differed significantly between normal tissues and pancreatic cancer samples (P

In order to promote green and sustainable development of the transportation industry, an increasing number of logistics companies have begun to deploy electric vehicles (EVs) to provide urban distribution services. This paper studies a Half-Open Time-Dependent Multi-Depot Electric Vehicle Routing Problem Considering Battery Recharging and Swapping (HOTDMDEVRPBRS) in last-mile delivery. Based on the calculation functions of EV energy consumption, travel time, and carbon emissions under the time-dependent road network, a mixed integer programming model is formulated. The goal of the model is to minimize the economic cost and environmental cost of logistics companies. Given the complexity of the problem, this paper designs a multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm (SAA). Finally, this paper carries out comprehensive computational experiments to verify and evaluate the performance of the proposed model and method and examines the economic and environmental benefits brought by the Half-Open Joint Distribution Mode (HOJDM). According to the results, SAA shows good performance and provides a high-quality solution. Meanwhile, the HOJDM significantly reduces the total cost and carbon emissions of logistics enterprises and provides valuable suggestions for enterprise managers and government decision-makers.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an essential staple food and oil crop worldwide, boasts abundant vegetable proteins and fats beneficial for both human and animal consumption. However, the soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella) (SPB) stands as the most destructive soybean insect pest in northeast China and other northeastern Asian regions, leading to significant annual losses in soybean yield and economic burden. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the introduction of a previously tested codon-optimized cry1c gene, cry1c*, into the soybean genome and assess its effect on the SPB infestation by generating and characterizing stable transgenic soybeans overexpressing cry1c*. The transgenic soybean lines that constitutively overexpressed cry1c* exhibited a significant reduction in the percentage of damaged seeds, reaching as low as 5% in plants under field conditions. Additionally, feeding transgenic leaves to the larvae of S. exigua, S. litura, and M. separta resulted in inhibited larval growth, decreased larval body weight, and lower survival rates compared to larvae fed on wild-type leaves. These findings showed that the transgenic lines maintained their resistance to SPB and other lepidopteran pests, especially the transgenic line KC1. Southern blotting and genome-wide resequencing analysis revealed that T-DNA integration occurred as a single copy between loci 50,868,122 and 50,868,123 of chromosome 10 in the transgenic line KC1. Therefore, the transgenic line KC1, overexpressing high levels of cry1c* in leaves and seeds, holds strong potential for commercial use in the integrated management of SPB and other lepidopteran pests.

Vanadium oxides are highly valued as electrochromic materials because of their multicolor capabilities. However, their practical applications have been limited due to challenges such as the dissolution of vanadate into aqueous electrolytes, leading to poor long‐term stability. Herein, a solution is proposed to the vanadate dissolution issue by utilizing a hybrid electrolyte consisting of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) and water. This electrolyte has the unique ability to form a robust cathode electrolyte interface layer on vanadium oxide electrodes. As a proof of concept, zinc‐anode‐based multicolor transparent electrochromic displays are prepared using layered potassium vanadate (K2V6O16·1.5H2O, KVO) with a TEGDME–water hybrid electrolyte. By soaking the KVO electrode in the hybrid electrolyte, it is demonstrated that KVO has remarkable stability against dissolution. Furthermore, it is shown that KVO has superior electrochromic performance compared to sodium vanadate (NaV3O8·1.5H2O, SVO), due to the wide KVO interlayer spacing. Given the enhanced performance of this hybrid electrolyte and KVO cathode material, a zinc‐anode‐based electrochromic display prototype is shown to exhibit compelling performance. As such, this work is expected to be a significant catalyst for accelerating the development of vanadate‐based electrochromic displays.

In winter and spring, for greenhouses with larger areas and stereoscopic cultivation, distributed light environment regulation based on photosynthetic rate prediction model can better ensure good crop growth. In this paper, strawberries at flowering-fruit stage were used as the test crop, and the LI-6800 portable photosynthesis system was used to control the leaf chamber environment and obtain sample data by nested photosynthetic rate combination experiments under temperature, light and CO2 concentration conditions to study the photosynthetic rate prediction model construction method. For a small-sample, nonlinear real experimental data set validated by grey relational analysis, a photosynthetic rate prediction model was developed based on Support vector regression (SVR), and the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) was used to search the influence of the empirical values of parameters, such as the penalty parameter C, accuracy ε and kernel constant g, on the model prediction performance. The modeling and prediction results show that the PSO-SVR method outperforms the commonly used algorithms such as MLR, BP, SVR and RF in terms of prediction performance and generalization on a small sample data set. The research in this paper achieves accurate prediction of photosynthetic rate of strawberry and lays the foundation for subsequent distributed regulation of greenhouse strawberry light environment.

In order to explore the stress distribution of steel wire in the strand when the curved steel rope is in contact with continuous and discontinuous grooves， taking the 6×19+IWS right cross-twisted steel rope as the research object， the finite element models of contact between steel ropes and continuous and discontinuous grooves are established respectively， and the stress distribution of the steel wire in continuous and discontinuous contact is analyzed. The results show that under the condition of continuous and discontinuous contact， the equivalent stress value of the outer steel rope in contact with the rope groove is the largest， followed by the steel rope at the contact between the strand and the strand， and the equivalent force value of the steel rope at other positions is the smallest under the same axial load. The change range of equivalent stress produced by steel rope in discontinuous contact is higher than that in continuous contact. The surface contact stress of discontinuous rope grooves is 39.5% larger than that of continuous rope grooves， and the maximum contact stress of surface steel rope in discontinuous contact is 5.08% higher than that in continuous contact. The wear test of steel rope under continuous and discontinuous contact shows that the average length and width of steel rope wear scar in discontinuous contact are 25.5% and 13.5% higher than those in continuous contact， respectively， which are consistent with the simulation results.

Antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells is potentially restrained by a variety of negative regulatory pathways that are triggered in the tumor microenvironment, yet, the exact mechanisms remain incompletely defined. Here, we report that intrinsic RIG-I in CD8+ T cells represents such a factor, as evidenced by observations that the tumor-restricting effect of endogenous or adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells was enhanced by intrinsic Rig-I deficiency or inhibition, with the increased accumulation, survival, and cytotoxicity of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, T cell activation–induced RIG-I upregulation restrained STAT5 activation via competitive sequestering of HSP90. In accordance with this, the frequency of RIG-I+ tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in human colon cancer positively correlated with attenuated survival and effector signatures of CD8+ T cells as well as poor prognosis. Collectively, these results implicate RIG-I as a potentially druggable factor for improving CD8+ T cell–based tumor immunotherapy.

Introduction To identify proteins and corresponding genes that share sequential and structural similarity with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) via bioinformatics analysis.Research design and methods All proteins with immunoglobulin V-set domain were screened in the human protein sequence database, and the corresponding genes were obtained in the gene sequence database. GSE154609 was downloaded from the GEO database, which contained peripheral blood CD14+ monocyte samples from patients with T1DM and healthy controls. The difference result and the similar genes were intersected. Analysis of gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways was used to predict potential functions using the R package ‘cluster profiler’. The expression differences of intersected genes were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas pancreatic cancer dataset and GTEx database using t-test. The correlation between the overall survival and disease-free progression of patients with pancreatic cancer was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results 2068 proteins with immunoglobulin V-set domain similar to PD-1 and 307 corresponding genes were found. 1705 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1335 downregulated DEGs in patients with T1DM compared with healthy controls were identified. A total of 21 genes were overlapped with the 307 PD-1 similarity genes, including 7 upregulated and 14 downregulated. Of these, mRNA levels of 13 genes were significantly increased in patients with pancreatic cancer. High expression of MYOM3 and HHLA2 was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer, while high expression of FGFRL1, CD274, and SPEG was significantly correlated with shorter disease-free survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.Conclusions Genes encoding immunoglobulin V-set domain similar to PD-1 may contribute to the occurrence of T1DM. Of these genes, MYOM3 and SPEG may serve as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

Abstract Polymeric systems that provide cationic charges or biocide‐release therapeutics are used to treat the bacteria‐infected wound. However, most antibacterial polymers based on topologies with restricted molecular dynamics still do not satisfy the clinical requirements due to their limited antibacterial efficacy at safe concentrations in vivo. Here a NO‐releasing topological supramolecular nanocarrier with rotatable and slidable molecular entities is reported to provide conformational freedom to promote the interactions between the carrier and the pathogenic microbes, hence greatly improving the antibacterial performance. With improved contacting‐killing and efficient delivery of NO biocide from the molecularly dynamic cationic ligand design, the NO‐loaded topological nanocarrier achieves excellent antibacterial and anti‐biofilm effects via destroying the bacterial membrane and DNA. MRSA‐infected rat model is also brought out to demonstrate its wound‐healing effect with neglectable toxicity in vivo. Introducing flexible molecular motions into therapeutic polymeric systems is a general design to enhance the healing of a range of diseases.

In recent decades, THz metamaterials have emerged as a promising technology for biosensing by extracting useful information (composition, structure and dynamics) of biological samples from the interaction between the THz wave and the biological samples. Advantages of biosensing with THz metamaterials include label-free and non-invasive detection with high sensitivity. In this review, we first summarize different THz sensing principles modulated by the metamaterial for bio-analyte detection. Then, we compare various resonance modes induced in the THz range for biosensing enhancement. In addition, non-conventional materials used in the THz metamaterial to improve the biosensing performance are evaluated. We categorize and review different types of bio-analyte detection using THz metamaterials. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of THz metamaterial in biosensing.

In this paper, we demonstrate a multi-functional metasurface for microwave beam-shaping application. The metasurface consists of an array of programmable unit cells, and each unit cell is integrated with one varactor diode. By turning the electrical bias on the diode on and off, the phase delay of the microwave reflected by the metasurface can be switched between 0 and π at a 6.2 GHz frequency, which makes the metasurface 1-bit-coded. By programming the 1-bit-coded metasurface, the generation of a single-focus beam, a double-focus beam and a focused vortex beam was experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, the single-focus beam with tunable focal lengths of 54 mm, 103 mm and 152 mm was experimentally observed at 5.7 GHz. The proposed programmable metasurface manifests robust and flexible beam-shaping ability which allows its application to microwave imaging, information transmission and sensing applications.

Unmanned systems such as legged robots require fast-motion responses for operation in complex environments. These systems therefore require explosive actuators that can provide high peak speed or high peak torque at specific moments during dynamic motion. Although hydraulic actuators can provide a large force, they are relatively inefficient, large, and heavy. Industrial electric actuators are incapable of providing instant high power. In addition, the constant reduction ratio of the reducer makes it difficult to eliminate the tradeoff between high speed and high torque in a given system. This study proposes an explosive electric actuator and an associated control method for legged robots. First, a high-power-density variable transmission is designed to enable continuous adjustment of the output speed to torque ratio. A heat-dissipating structure based on a composite phase-change material (PCM) is used. An integral torque control method is used to achieve periodic and controllable explosive power output. Jumping experiments are conducted with typical legged robots to verify the effectiveness of the proposed actuator and control method. Single-legged, quadruped, and humanoid robots jumped to heights of 1.5, 0.8, and 0.5 m, respectively. These are the highest values reported to date for legged robots powered by electric actuators.

The application of machine learning (ML)-based methods to the study of thermoelectric (TE) materials is promising. Although conventional ML algorithms can achieve high prediction performance, their lack of interpretability severely obstructs researchers from extracting material-oriented insights from ML models. In this work, high ML-based prediction performance was achieved with respect to TE power factors (PFs), and the results were well understood by the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), a method to identify the correlations between targets and descriptors. We designed a robust PF prediction model for diamond-like compounds via a stacking technique, and the model achieved a coefficient of determination value above 0.95 on the test set. From the SHAP analysis, the PFs were negatively correlated with electronegativity and positively correlated with the descriptor “volume per atom” based on the previously reported dataset. TE domain knowledge was adopted to understand these correlations. This work shows that ML models can achieve high accuracy while exhibiting good interpretability, making them useful for materials scientists.

The consumption of energy by buildings accounts for 30% of the total amount of social primary energy used, and approximately 30%∼50% of this is lost through windows. To promote energy conservation, the green development of buildings, and revolutionarily upgrade energy production and consumption, developing energy-efficient windows while preserving architectural aesthetics is necessary. Electrochromic smart windows (ESWs) can control the amount of solar energy transmitted into buildings based on personal preference or weather conditions, thereby reducing the amount of energy consumed by buildings for lighting and cooling. The optical transmittance of ESWs is changed by applying different voltages, and they maintain their state without the input of energy. Metal oxides are considered among the most promising electrochromic films for use in ESWs because of their relatively good physical and chemical stabilities. After nearly half a century of development, the practical application of metal oxide-based ESWs is nearly realized. This review presents an evaluation of the performance of ESWs and summarizes five strategies that can be used to enhance the electrochromic properties of metal oxides. These include controlling the oxygen vacancy concentration, doping aliovalent ions, controlling the morphology, selecting the optimal electrolyte, and controlling crystallinity. This review also investigates the development of metal-oxide-based ESWs.

To realize a fault diagnosis of rolling bearings in a real R2R printing unit, a method based on Siamese Network is proposed in this work. First, vibration signals in rolling bearing were changed into a series of time–frequency spectra with Continuous Wavelet Transform, and thus the frequency components with time in various scales can be reflected as images. Siamese Networks with sub-nets composed of both Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Depth-wise Separable Convolution Network (DSCN) were proposed and established for fault diagnosis; meanwhile, fault samples were divided into sample twins to solve the problem of small samples. As to a database of rolling bearings, different kinds of faults with various degree, rotary speed and added noise were distinguished with both SN-CNN and SN-DSCN models successfully. Then an experiment for a R2R unit in printing press is also taken, there are all 7 classes of samples to be identified, and each group contains few numbers of samples. From this work, it can be seen that SN-CNN and SN-DSCN both can realize a fault diagnosis of rolling bearings in printing units based on 20 samples, which can be seen as a limited sample learning mission. Besides, SN-DSCN is proved to have a less time in training process compare to SN-CNN.

Summary: Background: Antiangiogenic drug (AAD)-triggered oxygen and nutrient depletion through suppression of angiogenesis switches glucose-dependent to lipid-dependent metabolism. Blocking fatty acid oxidation can enhance AAD-mediated anti-tumor effects in colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, we hypothesised that genetic variants in the lipid metabolism pathway may predict clinical outcomes [overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)] in metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients receiving bevacizumab-based first-line treatment. Methods: Genomic DNA from blood samples of patients enrolled in FIRE-3 (a global, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial, between 2007-6-23 and 2012-9-19, discovery cohort: FOLFIRI/bevacizumab arm, n = 107; control cohort: FOLFIRI/cetuximab arm, n = 129) and MAVERICC (a global, randomised, open-label, phase II study, between 2011–8 and 2015–7, in United States, Canada, Estonia, Ireland, Switzerland, Norway, and Portugal. Validation cohort: FOLFIRI/bevacizumab arm, n = 163) trials, was genotyped using the OncoArray-500 K beadchip panel. The impact on OS and PFS of 17 selected SNPs in 7 genes involved in the lipid metabolism pathway (CD36, FABP4, LPCAT1/2, CPT1A, FASN, ACACA) was analysed using Kaplan–Meier curves, the log-rank test for univariate analyses and likelihood ratio tests of Cox proportional hazards regression parameters for multivariable analyses. ORR and SNP associations were evaluated using Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. Findings: In the discovery cohort, patients with FASN rs4485435 any C allele (n = 21) showed significantly shorter PFS (median PFS: 8.69 vs 13.48 months) compared to carriers of G/G (n = 62) in multivariable (HR = 2.87; 95%CI 1.4–5.9; p = 0.00675) analysis. These data were confirmed in the validation cohort in multivariable analysis (HR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.15–3.74; p = 0.02), but no association was observed in the cetuximab cohort of FIRE-3. In the comparison of bevacizumab vs cetuximab arm in FIRE-3, a significant interaction was shown with FASN rs4485435 (p = 0.017) on PFS. Interpretation: Our study demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, that FASN polymorphisms may predict outcome of bevacizumab-based treatment in patients with mCRC. These findings support a possible role of the lipid metabolism pathway in contributing to resistance to anti-VEGF treatment. Funding: This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute [P30CA 014089 to H.-J.L.], Gloria Borges WunderGlo Foundation, Dhont Family Foundation, Victoria and Philip Wilson Research Fund, San Pedro Peninsula Cancer Guild, Ming Hsieh Research Fund, Eddie Mahoney Memorial Research Fund, Shanghai Sailing Program (22YF1407000), China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX20220084), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M710768), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202892).

Abstract Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. However, existing attacks exhibit relatively low efficacy in generating transferable adversarial examples. Improved transferability to address this issue is proposed via a rotation‐invariant attack method that maximizes the loss function w.r.t the random rotated image instead of the original input at each iteration, thus mitigating the high correlation between the adversarial examples and the source models and making the adversarial examples more transferable. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method can significantly improve the transferability of the adversarial examples with almost no extra computational cost and can be integrated into various methods. In addition, when this method is easily applied through a plug‐in, the average attack success rate against six robustly trained models increases by 5.4% over the state‐of‐the‐art baseline method, demonstrating its effectiveness and efficiency. The codes used are publicly available at https://github.com/YeXinD/Rotation‐Invariant‐Attack.

In this paper, a geometric model of multi-core twisted wire is established to analyze the amplitude-frequency and angular-frequency characteristics of crosstalk in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The random combination of the cross-section of the multi-core twisted wire is used to accurately simulate the randomness of the actual multi-core twisted wire. The rotation transformation of the cross-section and the random transposition transformation between the conductors and the neural network model are used to obtain the per unit length (p.u.l) parameters at any position. And bring it into the method of chain parameters to find the crosstalk. The results show that the crosstalk amplitude-frequency and angular-frequency characteristics of the different cores of the multi-core twisted wire under the fixed model are very similar. Under the random model, the crosstalk of multi-core twisted wires is very close in the low frequency range, and satisfies a certain envelope value in the high frequency range. Through comparison with full-wave simulation, the reliability of the proposed method is proved.

As an important carrier of individual information, the resume is an important data source for studying the spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics of individual and group behaviors. This study focuses on spatio-temporal information extraction and geoparsing from resumes to provide basic technical support for spatio-temporal research based on resume text. Most current studies on resume text information extraction are oriented toward recruitment work, such as the automated information extraction, classification, and recommendation of resumes. These studies ignore the spatio-temporal information of individual and group behaviors implied in resumes. Therefore, this study takes the public resumes of teachers in key universities in China as the research data, proposes a set of spatio-temporal information extraction solutions for electronic resumes of public figures, and designs a spatial entity geoparsing method, which can effectively extract and spatially locate spatio-temporal information in the resumes. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, text information extraction models such as BiLSTM-CRF, BERT-CRF, and BERT-BiLSTM-CRF are selected to conduct comparative experiments, and the spatial entity geoparsing method is verified. The experimental results show that the precision of the selected models on the named entity recognition task is 96.23% and the precision of the designed spatial entity geoparsing method is 97.91%.

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In order to investigate the law of the dynamic responses of a coupled tunnel with a large span and a small clear distance induced by the blasting load applied on the excavation face of the new horizontal adit for vehicles, a dynamic 3D finite element model was established based on the blasting excavation project of Yonghe tunnel’s new transverse passage in Guangzhou, China. The laws of the induced vibration velocity and dynamic stress of the existing tunnel are systematically analyzed according to the numerical calculation results. The results show that the main affected area of the existing lining is the lower arch waist facing the blast, where both the maximum vibration velocity and the maximum tensile stress appear. The horizontally radial vibration velocity (along the axis of the transverse passage) is the main contributor in the resulting vibration velocity of the lining. The distributed law and varying trend of the dynamic stress of the lining are similar to the vibration velocity, and there appears to be a satisfied positive linear correlation between the two indexes. When the distance from the excavation face of the horizontal adit to the existing tunnel is 10 m, the blasting-load-induced maximal vibration velocity and dynamic tensile stress of the tunnel are only 2.96 cm/s and 0.20 MPa, respectively, which are far less than that stipulated by the related technical code. A negative power exponential relationship between the peak vibration velocity of the existing tunnel lining and the distance from the excavation face of the transverse passage to the tunnel was also found. According to this relationship, the induced vibration velocity will exceed the threshold stipulated by the standard, i.e., 8 cm/s, if the distance decreases to 5.9 m. To improve the safety redundancy of the construction, the threshold of the distance from the excavation face of the horizontal adit to the existing tunnel is suggested to be 10 m under the current construction scheme.

Abstract Background Existing computational methods for studying miRNA regulation are mostly based on bulk miRNA and mRNA expression data. However, bulk data only allows the analysis of miRNA regulation regarding a group of cells, rather than the miRNA regulation unique to individual cells. Recent advance in single-cell miRNA-mRNA co-sequencing technology has opened a way for investigating miRNA regulation at single-cell level. However, as currently single-cell miRNA-mRNA co-sequencing data is just emerging and only available at small-scale, there is a strong need of novel methods to exploit existing single-cell data for the study of cell-specific miRNA regulation. Results In this work, we propose a new method, CSmiR (Cell-Specific miRNA regulation) to combine single-cell miRNA-mRNA co-sequencing data and putative miRNA-mRNA binding information to identify miRNA regulatory networks at the resolution of individual cells. We apply CSmiR to the miRNA-mRNA co-sequencing data in 19 K562 single-cells to identify cell-specific miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks for understanding miRNA regulation in each K562 single-cell. By analyzing the obtained cell-specific miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks, we observe that the miRNA regulation in each K562 single-cell is unique. Moreover, we conduct detailed analysis on the cell-specific miRNA regulation associated with the miR-17/92 family as a case study. The comparison results indicate that CSmiR is effective in predicting cell-specific miRNA targets. Finally, through exploring cell–cell similarity matrix characterized by cell-specific miRNA regulation, CSmiR provides a novel strategy for clustering single-cells and helps to understand cell–cell crosstalk. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, CSmiR is the first method to explore miRNA regulation at a single-cell resolution level, and we believe that it can be a useful method to enhance the understanding of cell-specific miRNA regulation.

Abstract Lymph nodes (LNs) and distant metastases can arise from independent subclones of the primary tumor. Herein, we characterized the molecular landscape and the differences between LNs, distant metastases and primary colorectal cancers (CRCs). Samples were analyzed using next generation sequencing (NGS, MiSeq on 47 genes, NextSeq on 592 genes) and immunohistochemistry. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was calculated based on somatic nonsynonymous missense mutations, and microsatellite instability (MSI) was evaluated by NGS of known MSI loci. In total, 11,871 samples were examined, comprising primaries (N = 5862), distant (N = 5605) and LNs metastases (N = 404). The most frequently mutated genes in LNs were TP53 (72%), APC (61%), KRAS (39%), ARID1A (20%), PIK3CA (12%). LNs showed a higher mean TMB (13 mut/MB) vs distant metastases (9 mut/MB, p

In this paper, we proposed a reflective metasurface which controls the phase delay of the electromagnetic (EM) wave through geometric phase manipulation. By coding the metasurface unit cells in different orientation angles, an orbital angular momentum (OAM) wave can be obtained through the metasurface reflection. A broadband reflective OAM wave with mode l = −1 was demonstrated which was experimentally observed from 8.3 GHz to 11.6 GHz. The mode spectrum of OAM wave was analyzed and the spectrum weight was about 0.82 through numerical calculation and about 0.47 through experimental measurement for the mode l = −1. The realization of this broadband OAM wave has the potential application to improve the OAM wave based communication capacity.

Abstract Background Iron overload can promote the development of osteoporosis by inducing apoptosis in osteoblasts. However, the mechanism by which miRNAs regulate apoptosis in osteoblasts under iron overload has not been elucidated. Method The miRNA expression profile in MC3T3-E1 cells under iron overload was detected by next generation sequencing. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of miR-3074-5p in MC3T3-E1 cells under iron overload. The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was tested using CCK-8 assays, and apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. The miRanda and TargetScan databases were used to predict the target genes of miR-3074-5p. Interaction between miR-3074-5p and the potential target gene was validated by qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter assay and western blotting. Results We found that iron overload decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells. The results of next generation sequencing analysis showed that miR-3074-5p expression was significantly increased in MC3T3-E1 cells under iron overload conditions, which was confirmed by further experiments. The inhibition of miR-3074-5p attenuated the apoptosis of iron-overloaded MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, the expression of Smad4 was decreased and was inversely correlated with miR-3074-5p expression, and overexpression of Smad4 partially reversed the viability inhibition of iron-overloaded MC3T3-E1 cells by relieving the suppression of ERK, AKT, and Stat3 phosphorylation, suggesting its regulatory role in the viability inhibition of iron-overloaded MC3T3-E1 cells. The luciferase reporter assay results showed that Smad4 was the target gene of miR-3074-5p. Conclusion miR-3074-5p functions as an apoptosis promoter in iron-overloaded MC3T3-E1 cells by directly targeting Smad4.

Removal of aluminum (abbreviated to Al) accounts for the main step for synthesizing Ti3C2Tx MXene. To date, the synthesis of Ti3C2Tx MXene is hampered by the low removal efficiency of Al from Ti3AlC2. Ultrasound was therefore introduced to achieve efficient synthesis of Ti3C2Tx MXene by promoting the removal rate of Al from Ti3AlC2. It was found that ultrasonic aid can significantly boost the removal efficiency of Al. Additionally, distinct kinetics for the removal of Al was recognized as the advent of ultrasonic intervention: (i) the shrinking core model was used to describe the removal kinetics of Al in the case without ultrasound, whilst the shrinking particle model was capable for the case in presence of ultrasound; (ii) the activation energy for removal of Al with ultrasonic aid was 70.2 kJ/mol, indicating a chemical reaction-controlled process, whereas the corresponding value for the case without sonication was 28.1 kJ/mol, demonstrating a mixed kinetic feature of the removal process of Al. Morphological study showed that ultrasound can remove the surface-adhering reaction products and favors the formation of structures with flower-like morphology. The sample without sonication treatment exhibited typical capacitive behavior, whilst the contribution of diffusion-limited capacitance in addition to the capacitive behavior was readily observed for the sonication-treated sample. Surface chemistry study indicated the more prevalent oxidation of the sonication treated sample, which gave rise to a higher specific capacitance than those without sonication treatment.

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an ablative modality that uses high-voltage electrical pulses to permeabilize the cell membrane leading to cell necrosis. Unlike traditional thermal ablation, IRE is hardly affected by the “heat-sink” effect and can prevent damage of the adjacent vital structures. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a new IRE technique using ultra-short pulses (nanosecond duration), can not only penetrate the cell membranes, but also act on the organelles. Sufficient preclinical researches have shown that nsPEF can eliminate HCC without damaging vital organs, and elicit potent anti-tumor immune response.ObjectiveThis is the first clinical study to evaluate feasibility, efficacy, and safety of nsPEF for the treatment of HCC, where thermal ablation is unsuitable due to proximity to critical structures.Methods and analysisWe will conduct an open-labeled, single-arm, prospective, multicenter, and objective performance criteria trial. One hundred and ninety-two patients with HCC, in which the tumor is located immediately (

Background: The most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases is liver transplantation, which is impeded by the shortage of donor livers. Split liver transplantation (SLT) is important for addressing the donor liver shortage. However, full-right full-left SLT for two adult recipients is globally rarely conducted. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of this technique. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 22 recipients who underwent full-right full-left SLT at Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital between January, 2021 and September, 2022. The graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR), cold ischemia time, operation time, length of the anhepatic phase, intraoperative blood loss, and red blood cell transfusion amount were all analyzed. The differences in liver function recovery after transplantation were compared between the left and right hemiliver groups. The postoperative complications and prognosis of the recipients were also analyzed. Results: The livers of 11 donors were transplanted into 22 adult recipients. The GRWR ranged from 1.16–1.65%, the cold ischemia time was 282.86 ± 134.87 min, the operation time was 371.32 ± 75.36 min, the anhepatic phase lasted 60.73 ± 19.00 min, the intraoperative blood loss was 759.09 ± 316.84 mL, and the red blood cell transfusion amount was 695.45 ± 393.67 mL. No significant difference in the levels of liver function markers, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, or alanine aminotransferase between left and right hemiliver groups at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 d postoperatively was observed (both p > 0.05). One recipient developed bile leakage 10 d after transplantation, which improved with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-guided nasobiliary drainage and stent placement. Another developed portal vein thrombosis 12 d after transplantation and underwent portal vein thrombolytic therapy and stenting to restore portal vein blood flow. A color Doppler ultrasound performed 2 d after transplantation revealed hepatic artery thrombosis in one patient, and thrombolytic therapy was administered to restore hepatic artery blood flow. The liver function of other patients recovered quickly after transplantation. Conclusions: Full-right full-left SLT for two adult patients is an efficient way to increase the donor pool. It is safe and feasible with careful donor and recipient selection. Transplant hospitals with highly experienced surgeons in SLT are recommended to promote using full-right full-left SLT for two adult recipients.

g-C3N4 and g-C3N4/TCNQ composites with different doping levels were prepared using the copolymerization thermal method with melamine as a precursor. XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, DRS, PL, and I-T characterized them. The composites were successfully prepared in this study. The photocatalytic degradation of pefloxacin (PEF), enrofloxacin (ciprofloxacin), and ciprofloxacin (ciprofloxacin) under visible light (λ > 550 nm) showed that the composite material had the best degradation effect on PEF. When TCNQ doping is 20 mg and catalyst dosage is 50 mg, the catalytic effect is the best, and the degradation rate reaches 91.6%, k = 0.0111 min−1, which is four times that of g-C3N4. Repeated experiments found that the cyclic stability of the g-C3N4/TCNQ composite was good. The XRD images were almost unchanged after five reactions. The radical capture experiments revealed that ·O2− was the main active species in the g-C3N4/TCNQ catalytic system, and h+ also played a role in PEF degradation. And the possible mechanism for PEF degradation was speculated.

Abstract KRAS status serves as a predictive biomarker of response to treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We hypothesize that complex interactions between multiple pathways contribute to prognostic differences between KRAS wild-type and KRAS mutant patients with mCRC, and aim to identify polymorphisms predictive of clinical outcomes in this subpopulation. Most pathway association studies are limited in assessing gene–gene interactions and are restricted to an individual pathway. In this study, we use a random survival forests (RSF) method for identifying predictive markers of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in mCRC patients treated with FOLFIRI/bevacizumab. A total of 486 mCRC patients treated with FOLFIRI/bevacizumab from two randomized phase III trials, TRIBE and FIRE-3, were included in the current study. Two RSF approaches were used, namely variable importance and minimal depth. We discovered that Wnt/β-catenin and tumor associated macrophage pathway SNPs are strong predictors of OS and PFS in mCRC patients treated with FOLFIRI/bevacizumab independent of KRAS status, whereas a SNP in the sex-differentiation pathway gene, DMRT1, is strongly predictive of OS and PFS in KRAS mutant mCRC patients. Our results highlight RSF as a useful method for identifying predictive SNPs in multiple pathways.

Soybean continuous cropping (SC) leads to continuous cropping obstacles, and soil-borne fungal diseases occur frequently. Rotation can alleviate continuous cropping obstacles. However, the long-term effects of continuous cropping and rotation on the structure and function of the fungal community in soil are not clear. In this study, five cropping systems, SC, fallow (CK), fallow-soybean (FS), corn–soybean (CS), and wheat–soybean (WS), were implemented in the long-term continuous cropping area of soybean. After 13 years of planting, high-throughput sequencing was used to evaluate the structure and diversity of soil fungal communities and to study the relationship between fungal communities and soil environmental factors. The results showed that the abundance and diversity of fungal flora in SC soil were the highest. There were significant differences in the formation of soil fungal communities between soybean continuous cropping and the other treatments. There were 355 species of endemic fungi in SC soil. There were 231 and 120 endemic species in WS and CS, respectively. The relative abundance of the potential pathogens Lectera, Gibberella, and Fusarium in the SC treatment soil was significantly high, and the abundance of all potential pathogens in CK was significantly the lowest. The abundance of Lectera and Fusarium in CS was significantly the lowest. There was a positive correlation between potential pathogens in the soil. The relative abundance of potential pathogens in the soil was significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Ascomycetes and negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Basidiomycetes. Potential pathogenic genera had a significant negative correlation with soil OM, available Mn, K and soil pH and a significant positive correlation with the contents of soil available Cu, Fe, and Zn. In general, the fungal communities of SC, FS, WS, and CS were divided into one group, which was significantly different from CK. WS and CS were more similar in fungal community structure. The CK and CS treatments reduced the relative abundance of soil fungi and potential pathogens. Our study shows that SC and FS lead to selective stress on fungi and pathogenic fungi and lead to the development of fungal community abundance and diversity, while CK and CS can reduce this development, which is conducive to plant health.

Ti3C2Tx MXenes are normally fabricated by removal of main group element from the corresponding transition metal carbides, and they have been actively studied due to their superior energy storage performance. However, the low efficiency in removal of main group element (named as chemical etching) has significantly limited the application of MXene or MXene-related materials. Herein, we demonstrated an ultrasound-assisted approach to synthesize Ti3C2Tx MXene material by using Ti3AlC2 as the precursor. The experimental results indicate that the efficiency of chemical etching of Ti3AlC2 was dramatically promoted by ultrasound. The etching time was greatly shortened to 8 h while typically 24 h is sufficient in dilute hydrofluoric acid. Particularly, the high etching efficiency was achieved by using 2% hydrofluoric acid under the aid of ultrasound, which is lower in concentration than those reported in the previous literature. The specific capacitance of the 8 h sonicated sample is 155F/g, which is much higher than that of the un-sonicated sample prepared under the same experimental conditions. Additionally, the specific capacitance retention of the prepared 8 h sonicated sample was 97.5% after 20,000 cycles of charging/discharging, exhibiting an outstanding energy storage stability compared with the materials reported in previous literatures. It was proposed that removal of AlF3 from the surface of the etched particles was significantly promoted and the hydrogen bonds between the terminations of two different adjacent layers were broken by the acoustic cavitation effect of ultrasound.

With the development of bionic computer vision for images processing, researchers have easily obtained high-resolution zoom sensing images. The development of drones equipped with high-definition cameras has greatly increased the sample size and image segmentation and target detection are important links during the process of image information. As biomimetic remote sensing images are usually prone to blur distortion and distortion in the imaging, transmission and processing stages, this paper improves the vertical grid number of the YOLO algorithm. Firstly, the light and shade of a high-resolution zoom sensing image were abstracted, and the grey-level cooccurrence matrix extracted feature parameters to quantitatively describe the texture characteristics of the zoom sensing image. The Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) superpixel segmentation method was used to achieve the segmentation of light/dark scenes, and the saliency area was obtained. Secondly, a high-resolution zoom sensing image model for segmenting light and dark scenes was established to made the dataset meet the recognition standard. Due to the refraction of the light passing through the lens and other factors, the difference of the contour boundary light and dark value between the target pixel and the background pixel would make it difficult to detect the target, and the pixels of the main part of the separated image would be sharper for edge detection. Thirdly, a YOLO algorithm with an improved vertical grid number was proposed to detect the target in real time on the processed superpixel image array. The adjusted aspect ratio of the target in the remote sensing image modified the number of vertical grids in the YOLO network structure by using 20 convolutional layers and five maximum aggregation layers, which was more accurately adapted to “short and coarse” of the identified object in the information density. Finally, through comparison with the improved algorithm and other mainstream algorithms in different environments, the test results on the aid dataset showed that in the target detection of high spatial resolution zoom sensing images, the algorithm in this paper showed higher accuracy than the YOLO algorithm and had real-time performance and detection accuracy.