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Xing-Chen Li,1,* Yang-Yang Dong,1,* Yuan Cheng,1 Jing-Yi Zhou,1,2 Xiao Yang,1 Bo-Qiang Shen,1 Xiao-Tong Wu,1,2 Xiao-Ping Li,1 Jian-Liu Wang1,2 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China; 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders Diseases, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jian-Liu WangDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 10 8832 4474Email wangjianliu1203@163.comPurpose: The early predictive values of diagnostic markers for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in endometrial cancer (EC) are still unclear at present. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between serum calcium and LNM in EC.Methods: We identified all patients with EC who underwent surgery between January 2012 and December 2016. Patient characteristics and various preoperative clinicopathologic data were obtained from medical records and were reviewed retrospectively. These patients were divided into two groups according to the pathology of their lymph node. Logistic regression models analyzed the relationship between the ionized calcium and LNM of EC patients, while adjusting for the potential confounders.Results: A total of 448 patients were assessed. Univariate analysis showed that ionized calcium, CA125 level, tumor grade, peritoneal cytology, FIGO stage, histological type, LVSI, and myometrial invasion were positively correlated with LNM (all P< 0.05). The risk of LNM increased with the promotion of serum ionized calcium (P for trend < 0.01). Ionized calcium level was significant before and after the adjustment of cofounders (unadjusted: OR=11.9, 95% CI: 4.8– 29.6, P< 0.01; model I: OR=11.3, 95% CI: 4.5– 28.8, P< 0.01; model II: OR=5.2, 95% CI: 1.6– 17.2, P< 0.05). Additionally, the risk of ionized calcium was especially evident in patients whose age was older than 60, BMI< 28 kg/m2, grade 3, negative peritoneal cytology and endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma.Conclusion: Ionized calcium level was highly associated with LNM in EC and acted as a potential biomarker in predicting the risk of LNM in EC.Keywords: serum calcium level, EC, lymph node metastasis, stratification analysis

Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the dose-response relationship between the age at diagnosis of cardiovascular metabolic multimorbidity and cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older adults in China., Methods: This is a secondary study using the China Health Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018(CHARLS 2018). The study included 1338 middle-aged and older adults. The middle-aged and older adults is defined as having cardiovascular metabolic multimorbidity if he or she has two or more of the five diseases (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, and heart disease). We measured cognitive functions by evaluating situational memory capacity and mental status. The total cognitive function score ranges from 0 to 31. Participants defined cognitive impairment as a function of subject educational level: illiteracy<17, primary school<20, junior high school and above<24. Restrictive cubic splines were used to examine the shape of the association between the age at diagnosis of cardiovascular metabolic multimorbidity and cognitive impairment., Results: The mean age was 67.72±9.96 years, with 52.0 % being female. Of the total sample, 79.1 % were cognitive impairment. When all covariates were adjusted, our study showed that the later the age of diagnosis of cardiovascular metabolic multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults, the more cognitive impairment is exacerbated., Conclusion: The later age of diagnosis of CMM in middle-aged and older adults, the higher the risk of cognitive impairment. This suggests that nurses should promptly emphasize the relationship between CMM and cognitive impairment to their patients in their daily practice and encourage patients to be screened for CMM as early as possible., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflict of interest exists in the submission of this manuscript, and the manuscript is approved by all authors for publication., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In the deep-ultraviolet (DUV) region, nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals must meet stringent requirements, including a large optical band gap and sufficient second harmonic generation (SHG) response. Typically, these criteria are fulfilled by borates, carbonates and nitrates containing π-conjugated groups. In contrast, sulfates and phosphates, with polarizabilities significantly smaller than those of π-conjugated groups, struggle to achieve similar performance. Here, we present the discovery of Mg 2 PO 4 Cl, a magnesium-based phosphate, identified from over 10,000 phosphates based on a polar-axial-symmetry screening strategy, which exhibits the highest SHG response (5.2×KH 2 PO 4 (KDP)) with phase-matching ability among non-π-conjugated DUV transparent NLO crystals. This compound belongs to the Pna2 1 space group, with [PO 4 ] units consistently aligned along the 2 1 screw axis and glide planes throughout its crystal structure. Theoretical calculations attribute its remarkable SHG effect to the orderly arrangement of heteroanionic [MgO 5 Cl] and [MgO 4 Cl 2 ] polyhedra alongside isolated [PO 4 ] tetrahedra, supported by Berry phase analysis. Furthermore, a crystallographic structure analysis of phosphates and sulfates with significant SHG effects validates the effectiveness of our screening strategy. These findings offer valuable insights into the origins of NLO effects in non-π-conjugated compounds from both a material design and structural chemistry perspective, inspiring future efforts to revitalize DUV phosphates., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Hypochlorous acid (HClO) as a kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a vital role in many biological processes. Organic fluorescence probes have attracted great interests for the detection of HClO, due to their relatively high selectivity and sensitivity, satisfactory spatiotemporal resolution and good biocompatibility. Constructing fluorescence probes to detect HClO with advantages of large Stokes shift, wide emission gap, near infrared emission and good water solubility is still challenging. In this work, a new ratiometric fluorescence probe (named HCY) for HClO was developed. FRET-based HCY was constructed by bonding a coumarin and a flavone fluorophore. In absence of HClO, HCY exists FRET process, however, FRET is inhibited in the presence of HClO because the conjugated double bond broke. Due to the good match of the emission spectrum of the donor and the absorption spectrum of the acceptor, the FRET system appears favorable energy transfer efficiency. HCY showed high sensitivity and rapid response time. The linearity between the ratios of fluorescence intensity and concentration of HClO was established with a low limit of detection. What's more, HCY was also applied for fluorescence images of HClO in RAW264.7 cells., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Study Design: Retrospective, matched case-control study., Objective: To investigate the risk factors of reoperation after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) due to recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH) and to establish a set of individualized prediction models., Methods: Patients who underwent PELD successfully from January 2016 to February 2022 in a single institution were enrolled in this study. Six methods of machine learning (ML) were used to establish an individualized prediction model for reoperation in rLDH patients after PELD, and these models were compared with logistics regression model to select optimal model., Results: A total of 2603 patients were enrolled in this study. 57 patients had repeated operation due to rLDH and 114 patients were selected from the remaining 2546 nonrecurrent patients as matched controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that disc herniation type ( P < .001), Modic changes (type II) ( P = .003), sagittal range of motion (sROM) ( P = .022), facet orientation (FO) ( P = .028) and fat infiltration (FI) ( P = .001) were independent risk factors for reoperation in rLDH patients after PELD. The XGBoost AUC was of 90.71%, accuracy was approximately 88.87%, sensitivity was 70.81%, specificity was 97.19%. The traditional logistic regression AUC was 77.4%, accuracy was about 77.73%, sensitivity was 47.15%, specificity was 92.12%., Conclusion: This study showed that disc herniation type (extrusion, sequestration), Modic changes (type II), a large sROM, a large FO and high FI were independent risk factors for reoperation in LDH patients after PELD. The prediction efficiency of XGBoost model was higher than traditional Logistic regression analysis model., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

In this work, we report the design and synthesis of two chain-like pentanuclear cyanido-bridged complexes trans-[Ru(bpy) 2 (μ-CN) 2 ][cis-Ru(bpy) 2 (μ-NC)M(dppe)Cp*] 2 [PF 6 ] 4 (M=Fe, 1 4+ ; M=Ru, 2 4+ ) and the electronic communication properties of their oxidized products 1 m+ (m=6, 7, 8) and 2 n+ (n=5, 6, 7, 8). The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 m+ (m=4, 6, 7) and 2 4+ show that 1 4+ and 2 4+ possess a Z-type array structure, 1 7+ is a U-type one, and 1 6+ exhibits both the types. The investigations indicate that both 1 and 2 show an extraordinarily strong electronic interaction between the two side Ru across the central NC-Ru-CN, leading to the formation of a fully delocalized cyanidometal Ru-Ru-Ru bridge for both three-electron oxidized states 1 7+ and 2 7+ . Moreover, it should be noted that in 1 there exists no electronic interaction between the two terminal Fe ions. Upon substitution of Fe by Ru, however, 2 exhibits an electronic interaction between the two terminal metal ions across the trinuclear cyanidometal CN-Ru-NC-Ru-CN-Ru-NC bridge which is up to 20 Å., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

A facile and general strategy is developed herein for the construction of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials with simultaneously high fluorescence quantum efficiency (Φ) and large luminescence dissymmetry factor (g lum ). The self-assembly of fluorescent dye, disodium 4,4'-bis(2-sulfonatostyryl)biphenyl (CBS), with chiral diamines such as (R,R)/(S,S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (R/S-DACH) and R/S-1,2-diaminopropane (R/S-DAP), produces four chiral crystalline organic salt networks (COSNs). These as-synthesized organic salts emit strong blue-color CPL upon excitation, with both high Φ and g lum values of up to 79% and 0.022. The well-defined molecular structures and arrangements of CBS are directly observed through single crystal X-ray analysis, offering crucial information regarding the origins of high-efficiency CPL performance. The chirality of amine is effectively transferred to CBS and further amplified to the supramolecular structure by multiple hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions, giving rise to the large g lum factors; meanwhile, the fixation and the ordered arrangement of CBS by these multiple interactions empower efficient suppression of molecular motions, facilitating strong fluorescence. This work can inspire the assembly of CPL organic materials with high Φ and g lum via charge-assisted hydrogen bonds between fluorescent dyes and chiral inducers. It also offers important insight into the structural origins of supramolecular chirality and CPL performance., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Objective: To investigate potential risk factors for osteoporotic vertebral compression re-fractures (OVCRFs) following percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP)., Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent PKP from January 2012 to January 2020 were included in this study within the same institution. Cases were defined as patients who experienced OVCRFs, while controls were matched based on corresponding clinical characteristics from those patients without OVCRFs. The lumbar localized fat distribution parameters, including the fat infiltration ratio (FIR) in muscles [multifidus (MF), erector spinae (ES), paravertebral muscles (PVM), and psoas major (PS)] and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), were compared between the two groups through radiological data. And other clinical data that may be relevant were also compared. Independent risk factors for OVCRFs after PKP were identified through a binary logistic regression analysis., Result: A total of 1391 patients who underwent PKP were included in this study. 51 patients were categorized into the re-fracture group, and 102 patients were selected as matched controls from the remaining cohort. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in metrics including MF-FIR, ES-FIR, PVM-FIR, PS-FIR, bone mineral density (BMD), body-mass index (BMI), SFT, hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and triglycerides (TG) (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that PVM-FIR (P = 0.003), SFT (P < 0.001), BMD (P = 0.011), and ALP (P = 0.005) were independent predictors for the occurrence of OVCRFs., Conclusion: This study discovered that lumbar localized fat distribution parameters including PVM-FIR and SFT are independent predictors of OVCRFs. Additionally, BMD and ALP were found to be independent predictors of OVCRFs., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Skeletal Society (ISS).)

Purpose: The infiltration of immune cells and their roles of the infiltrating-immune cells in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is still unclear. We aimed to discover the infiltration cell types and the relationship between the infiltrating-immune cells and the progression of GIST., Experimental Design: Single-cell RNA sequencing were performed to discover types of the infiltrating-immune cells and to analyze CellChat between cells. Immunohistochemistry of 80 GIST samples were used to clarify the relation between macrophages and recurrence risk. In vitro , flow cytometry and Real-time PCR were performed to uncover a potential mechanism of tumor cell regulation of macrophages., Results: Tumor cells, macrophages, and T-cells were the predominant cell types. The MIF/CXCR4 axis was the most common ligand-receptor interaction between macrophages and tumor cells. As the risk increased, expression levels of CD68, CD206, MIF, and CXCR4 gradually increased. In vitro , we found that GIST882 was able to secrete MIF and GIST882 cell supernatant upregulated M2 polarization. Real-time PCR showed that expression levels of IL-10 mRNA and Arginase-1 mRNA were also the highest in the GIST882 cell supernatant group., Conclusions: These findings identify that macrophages are the most abundant infiltrating cells in GIST. The MIF/CXCR4 axis is the most common ligand-receptor interaction between macrophages and tumor cells. GIST cells can regulate macrophage M2 polarization through the MIF/CXCR4 axis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xiao, Xu, Yang, Zhao, Xie, Lei and Wu.)

In recent years, rare-earth-based chalcogenides have gained attention promising materials in the field of infrared nonlinear optical (IR-NLO) applications owing to their exceptional physicochemical properties. However, they frequently encounter challenges such as adverse two-photon absorption and low laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) caused by narrow optical band gaps ( E g ), which limit their practical utility. In this study, we started with the centrosymmetric (CS) parent compound EuGa 2 S 4 to develop two new noncentrosymmetric (NCS) Eu-based chalcogenides, namely, EuZnSiS 4 and EuCdSiS 4 , employing a rational cross-substitution strategy. Despite having identical stoichiometry, both compounds crystallize in distinct NCS orthorhombic space groups [ Fdd 2 (no. 43) vs Ama 2 (no. 40)], as confirmed by single-crystal structure analysis. Their crystal structures feature highly distorted tetrahedral motifs interconnected via corner-sharing, forming unique two-dimensional layers that host Eu 2+ cations. Furthermore, both compounds exhibit robust phase-matching second-harmonic generation (SHG) intensities of 1.5 × AgGaS 2 for EuZnSiS 4 and 2.8 × AgGaS 2 for EuCdSiS 4 under 2050 nm excitation. They also demonstrate high LIDTs (approximately 14-17 × AgGaS 2 ), wide E g (>2.5 eV), and transparency windows extending up to 18.2 μm. Particularly noteworthy, EuCdSiS 4 stands out as a pioneering example in the Eu-based IR-NLO system for successfully combining a broad E g (>2.56 eV, equivalent to that of AgGaS 2 ) with a significant SHG effect (>1.0 × AgGaS 2 ) simultaneously. Structural analyses and theoretical insights underscore that the reasonable combination of asymmetric functional units plays a pivotal role in driving the CS-to-NCS structural transformation and enhancing the NLO and linear optical properties of these Eu-based chalcogenides. This study presents a promising chemical pathway for advancing rare-earth-based functional materials and suggests exciting opportunities for their future applications in IR-NLO technologies.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a common respiratory tract infection disease in children. To date, there have been few studies on the relationship between cytological changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and clinical features. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between changes in the proportion of cell classifications in BALF and the clinical features in children with severe MPP (SMPP). In total, the study included 64 children with SMPP requiring bronchoalveolar lavage who were admitted to our hospital between March and September 2022 (study group) and 11 children with bronchial foreign bodies without co-infection (control group), who were admitted during the same period. The proportion of cell classifications in BALF was determined by microscopic examination after performing Wright-Giemsa staining. Patients were grouped according to different clinical characteristics, and between-group comparisons were made regarding the variations in the proportion of cell classifications in BALF. The levels of blood routine neutrophil percentage (GRA%), C-reactive protein, D-dimer and lactate dehydrogenase in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There were differences in the GRA% and macrophage percentage in the BALF between the two groups (P < 0.05). The GRA% and blood lymphocyte percentage were associated with pleural effusion. Multiple indicators correlated with extrapulmonary manifestations (P < 0.05). Moreover, the percentage of lymphocytes in the BALF correlated with pleural effusion, extrapulmonary manifestations and refractory MPP (RMPP) (P < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that BALF lymphocytes were protective factors for RMPP, while serum amyloid A and extrapulmonary manifestations were risk factors (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The BALF of children with SMPP is predominantly neutrophilic. A lower percentage of lymphocytes is related to a higher incidence of pleural effusion, extrapulmonary manifestations and progression to RMPP, as well as a longer length of hospitalisation., What Is Known: • Mycoplasma pneumonia in children is relatively common in clinical practice. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a routine clinical procedure., What Is New: However, there are relatively few studies focusing on the cytomorphological analysis of cells in BAL fluid., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) from O 2 or H 2 O via the two-electron (2e - ) oxygen reduction (2e - ORR) or water oxidation (2e - WOR) reaction provides a green and sustainable alternative to the traditional anthraquinone process. Herein, a paired-electrosynthesis tactic is reported for concerted H 2 O 2 production at a high rate by coupling the 2e - ORR and 2e - WOR, in which the bifunctional oxygen-vacancy-enriched Bi 2 O 3 nanorods (O v -Bi 2 O 3 -EO), obtained through electrochemically oxidative reconstruction of Bi-based metal-organic framework (Bi-MOF) nanorod precursor, are used as both efficient anodic and cathodic electrocatalysts, achieving concurrent H 2 O 2 production at both electrodes with high Faradaic efficiencies. Specifically, the coupled 2e - ORR//2e - WOR electrolysis system based on such distinctive oxygen-defect Bi catalyst displays excellent performance for the paired-electrosynthesis of H 2 O 2 , delivering a remarkable cell Faradaic efficiency of 154.8% and an ultrahigh H 2 O 2 production rate of 4.3 mmol h -1 cm -2 . Experiments combined with theoretical analysis reveal the crucial role of oxygen vacancies in optimizing the adsorption of intermediates associated with the selective two-electron reaction pathways, thereby improving the activity and selectivity of the 2e - reaction processes at both electrodes. This work establishes a new paradigm for developing advanced electrocatalysts and designing novel paired-electrolysis systems for scalable and sustainable H 2 O 2 electrosynthesis., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Targeting cellular senescence and Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) through autophagy has emerged as a promising intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) treatment strategy in recent years. This study aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of autophagy in preventing IVD SASP. Methods involved in vitro experiments with nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues from normal and IDD patients, as well as an in vivo IDD animal model. GATA4's regulatory role in SASP was validated both in vitro and in vivo, while autophagy modulators were employed to assess their impact on GATA4 and SASP. Transcriptomic sequencing identified Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1) as a key regulator of autophagy and GATA4. A series of experiments manipulated OLR1 expression to investigate associated effects. Results demonstrated significantly increased senescent NP cells (NPCs) and compromised autophagy in IDD patients and animal models, with SASP closely linked to IDD progression. The aged disc milieu impeded autophagic GATA4 degradation, leading to elevated SASP expression in senescent NPCs. Restoring autophagy reversed senescence by degrading GATA4, hence disrupting the SASP cascade. Moreover, OLR1 was identified for its regulation of autophagy and GATA4 in senescent NPCs. Silencing OLR1 enhanced autophagic activity, suppressing GATA4-induced senescence and SASP expression in senescent NPCs. In conclusion, OLR1 was found to control autophagy-GATA4 and SASP, with targeted OLR1 inhibition holding promise in alleviating GATA4-induced senescence and SASP expression while delaying extracellular matrix degradation, offering a novel therapeutic approach for IDD management., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

We report a simple strategy to transform a nonpolymerizable six-membered α,β-conjugated lactone, 5,6-dihydro-2 H -pyran-2-one ( DPO ), into polymerizable bicyclic lactones via photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Two bicyclic lactones, M1 and M2 , were obtained by the photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition of tetramethylethylene and DPO . Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of M1 and M2 catalyzed by diphenyl phosphate (DPP), La[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 , and 1- tert -butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris (dimethylamino) phosphoranylide-namino]-2λ 5 , 4λ 5 -catenadi(phosphazene) ( t Bu-P 4 ) were conducted. M1 is highly polymerizable, either DPP or La[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 could catalyze its living ROP under mild conditions, affording the well-defined PM1 with a predictable molar mass and low dispersity. M2 could only be polymerized with t Bu-P 4 as the catalyst, also generating the same polymer PM1 . PM1 has high thermal stability, with a T d,5% being up to 376 °C. Ring-opening copolymerization (ROcP) of M1 and δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) catalyzed by La[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 afforded a series of random copolymers with enhanced thermal stabilities. Both PM1 and the copolymer containing 10 mol % M1 exhibited excellent resistance to acidic and basic hydrolysis. Our results demonstrate that direct photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition of α,β-conjugated valerolactone is not only a strategy to tune its polymerizability, but also allows for the synthesis of highly thermally stable aliphatic polyesters, inaccessible by other methods.

Background: Cellular senescence features irreversible growth arrest and secretion of multiple proinflammatory cytokines. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects DNA damage and activates the DNA-sensing pathway, resulting in the upregulation of inflammatory genes and induction of cellular senescence. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cGAS in regulating senescence of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells under inflammatory microenvironment., Methods: The expression of cGAS was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in rat intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration model induced by annulus stabbing. NP cells were harvested from rat lumbar IVD and cultured with 10ng/ml IL-1β for 48 h to induce premature senescence. cGAS was silenced by cGAS specific siRNA in NP cells and cultured with IL-1β. Cellular senescence was evaluated by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and flow cytometry. The expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a was evaluated by ELISA and western blotting., Results: cGAS was detected in rat NP cells in cytoplasm and the expression was significantly increased in degenerated IVD. Culturing in 10ng/ml IL-1β for 48 h induced cellular senescence in NP cells with attenuation of G1-S phase transition. In senescent NP cells the expression of cGAS, p53, p16, NF-kB, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α was significantly increased while aggrecan and collagen type II was reduced than in normal NP cells. In NP cells with silenced cGAS, the expression of p53, p16, NF-kB, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was reduced in inflammatory culturing with IL-1β., Conclusion: cGAS was increased by NP cells in degenerated IVD promoting cellular senescence and senescent inflammatory phenotypes. Targeting cGAS may alleviate IVD degeneration by reducing NP cell senescence., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Ordered pore engineering that embeds uniform pores with periodic alignment in electrocatalysts opens up a new avenue for achieving further performance promotion. Hierarchically ordered porous metal-organic frameworks (HOP-MOFs) possessing multilevel pores with ordered distribution are the promising precursors for the exploration of ordered porous electrocatalysts, while the scalable acquisition of HOP-MOFs with editable components and adjustable pore size regimes is critical. This review presents recent progress on hierarchically ordered pore engineering of MOF-based materials for enhanced electrocatalysis. The synthetic strategies of HOP-MOFs with different pore size regimes, including the self-assembly guided by reticular chemistry, surfactant, nanoemulsion, and nanocasting, are first introduced. Then the applications of HOP-MOFs as the precursors for exploring hierarchically ordered porous electrocatalysts are summarized, selecting representatives to highlight the boosted performance. Especially, the intensification of molecule and ion transport integrated with optimized electron transfer and site exposure over the hierarchically ordered porous derivatives are emphasized to clarify the directional transfer and integration effect endowed by ordered pore engineering. Finally, the remaining scientific challenges and an outlook of this field are proposed. It is hoped that this review will guide the hierarchically ordered pore engineering of nanocatalysts for boosting the catalytic performance and promoting the practical applications., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The structural transformation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has attracted increasing interests, which has not only produced various new structures but also served as a fantastic platform for MOF-based kinetic analysis. Multiple reaction conditions have been documented to cause structural transformation; nevertheless, central metal-induced topological alteration of MOFs is rare. Herein, we reported a structural transformation of a 2D layered Cd-MOF driven by Cd(II) ions. After being submerged in the aqueous solution of cadmium nitrate, the twofold interpenetrated 2D network of [Cd(hsb-2)(bdc)·5H 2 O] n [HSB-W10; bdc: 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; hsb-2:1,2-bis(4'-pyridylmethylamino)-ethane] was converted into a novel noninterpenetrated 2D network [Cd 1.5 (hsb-2)(bdc) 1.5 (H 2 O) 2 ·H 2 O] n (HSB-W16). This partial dissolution-recrystallization process was investigated by integrating controlled experiments, 1 H NMR spectra, and photographic tracking analysis. Furthermore, a novel strategy combining in situ multicomponent dye encapsulation and central metal-triggered structural transformation was developed for the fabrication of MOF materials with white-light emission. By adopting this strategy, different dye guest molecules were concurrently introduced into the HSB-W16 host matrix, leading to a range of white-light-emitting MOF composites. This work will enable detailed studies of solid-state transformations and demonstrate a promising application prospect for structural transformation.

Chemical recycling to monomers (CRM) offers a promising closed-loop approach to transition from current linear plastic economy toward a more sustainable circular paradigm. Typically, this approach has focused on modulating the ceiling temperature ( T c ) of monomers. Despite considerable advancements, polymers with low T c often face challenges such as inadequate thermal stability, exemplified by poly(γ-butyrolactone) (PGBL) with a decomposition temperature of ∼200 °C. In contrast, floor temperature ( T f )-regulated polymers, particularly those synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of macrolactones, inherently exhibit enhanced thermodynamic stability as the temperature increases. However, the development of those T f regulated chemically recyclable polymers remains relatively underexplored. In this context, by judicious design and efficient synthesis of a biobased macrocyclic diester monomer (HOD), we developed a type of T f -regulated closed-loop chemically recyclable poly(ketal-ester) (PHOD). First, the entropy-driven ROP of HOD generated high-molar mass PHOD with exceptional thermal stability with a T d,5% reaching up to 353 °C. Notably, it maintains a high T d,5% of 345 °C even without removing the polymerization catalyst. This contrasts markedly with PGBL, which spontaneously depolymerizes back to the monomer above its T c in the presence of catalyst. Second, PHOD displays outstanding closed-loop chemical recyclability at room temperature within just 1 min with t BuOK. Finally, copolymerization of pentadecanolide (PDL) with HOD generated high-performance copolymers (PHOD- co -PPDL) with tunable mechanical properties and chemical recyclability of both components.

A series of "turn off" pH fluorescence probes with chalcone skeleton for basic system have been developed. The molecules emitted bright yellow fluorescence under acidic condition, resulting AIE coupled ESIPT characteristic and ICT process. What's more, the compounds exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity for detecting pH as a facile "On-Off" fluorescence probe, and the fluorescence of them were quenched with the ESIPT process interrupted under alkaline condition. Theoretical calculation for the related compounds also performed to verify the electron effect on photophysical properties and confirm the rational speculation on the mechanism., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The reported date in the repeat surgical intervention for adolescent lumbar disc herniation (ALDH) after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) was quite scarce. This study aims to introduce cases of repeat surgeries after PELD for ALDH and assess the incidence, chief causes, repeat surgery methods, and surgical outcomes of repeat surgeries after PELD for ALDH., Methods: A retrospective multicenter observational study was conducted on patients undergoing repeat surgeries after PELD for ALDH at four tertiary referral hospitals from January 2014 through August 2022. The incidence of repeat surgeries, chief causes, strategies for repeat surgeries, and timing of repeat surgeries were recorded and analyzed. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Numeric Rating Scales (NRS) scores and the modified MacNab criteria. Statistical analyses were performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test., Results: A total of 23 patients who underwent repeat surgeries after PELD for ALDH were included. The chief causes were re-herniation (homo-lateral re-herniation at the same level, new disc herniation of adjacent level). The repeat surgery methods were revision PELD, micro-endoscopic discectomy (MED), open discectomy and instrumented lumbar inter-body fusion. The NRS scores decreased significantly in follow-up evaluations and these scores demonstrated significant improvement at the last follow-up (p < 0.002). For the modified MacNab criteria, at the last follow-up, 18 patients (78.26%) had an excellent outcome, and the overall success rate was 86.95%., Conclusion: This study's data suggest that young patients who underwent repeat surgery improved significantly compared to baseline. The chief cause was re-herniation. Revision PELD was the main surgical procedure, which provides satisfactory clinical results in young patients who underwent repeat surgeries., (© 2024 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Tianjin Hospital and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety profile of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin (HAIC-FOLFOX) as an alternative therapeutic choice for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is refractory to systemic treatment including immune checkpoint blockades or molecular targeting agents., Methods: Two hundred and forty five consecutive patients with advanced HCC who received HAIC-FOLFOX treatment after systemic treatment failure were retrospectively reviewed in six institutions and their survival, tumor response, and tolerance were assessed., Results: The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival of the 209 included participants were 10.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.1-12.9) and 6.0 months (95% CI, 5.1-6.9), respectively. According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 criteria, the objective response rate was 21.1%, and the disease control rate was 64.6%. Multivariate analysis of risk factors of OS were albumin-bilirubin grade (2 and 3 vs. 1, hazard ratio [HR] 1.57; 95% CI, 1.05-2.34; p = 0.028), tumor number (>3 vs. 1-3, HR 2.18; 95% CI, 1.10-4.34; p = 0.026), extrahepatic spread (present vs. absent, HR 1.61, 95% CI, 1.06-2.45; p = 0.027), synchronous systemic treatment (present vs. absent, HR 0.55, 95% CI, 0.37-0.83; p = 0.004) and treatment response (responder vs. nonresponder, HR 0.30, 95% CI, 0.17-0.53; p < 0.001). Grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 59 (28.2%) HCC patients. All AEs were manageable, and deaths related to hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy treatment were not observed., Conclusions: Our findings support the effectiveness and safety of HAIC-FOLFOX treatment for patients with advanced HCC who have failed systemic treatment., (© 2023 Japan Society of Hepatology.)

Chemical recycling of polymers to monomers presents a promising solution to the escalating crisis associated with plastic waste. Despite considerable progress made in this field, the primary efforts have been focused on redesigning new monomers to produce readily recyclable polymers. In contrast, limited research into the potential of seemingly "non-polymerizable" monomers has been conducted. Herein, we propose a paradigm that leverages a "chaperone"-assisted strategy to establish closed-loop circularity for a "non-polymerizable" α, β-conjugated lactone, 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (DPO). The resulting PDPO, a structural analogue of poly(δ-valerolactone) (PVL), exhibits enhanced thermal properties with a melting point (T m ) of 114 °C and a decomposition temperature (T d,5% ) of 305 °C. Notably, owing to the structural similarity between DPO and δ-VL, the copolymerization generates semi-crystalline P(DPO-co-VL)s irrespective of the DPO incorporation ratio. Intriguingly, the inherent C=C bonds in P(DPO-co-VL)s enable their convenient post-functionalization via Michael-addition reaction. Lastly, PDPO was demonstrated to be chemically recyclable via ring-closing metathesis (RCM), representing a significant step towards the pursuit of enabling the closed-loop circularity of "non-polymerizable" lactones without altering the ultimate polymer structure., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

With the development of synchrotron radiation sources and high-frame-rate detectors, the amount of experimental data collected at synchrotron radiation beamlines has increased exponentially. As a result, data processing for synchrotron radiation experiments has entered the era of big data. It is becoming increasingly important for beamlines to have the capability to process large-scale data in parallel to keep up with the rapid growth of data. Currently, there is no set of data processing solutions based on the big data technology framework for beamlines. Apache Hadoop is a widely used distributed system architecture for solving the problem of massive data storage and computation. This paper presents a set of distributed data processing schemes for beamlines with experimental data using Hadoop. The Hadoop Distributed File System is utilized as the distributed file storage system, and Hadoop YARN serves as the resource scheduler for the distributed computing cluster. A distributed data processing pipeline that can carry out massively parallel computation is designed and developed using Hadoop Spark. The entire data processing platform adopts a distributed microservice architecture, which makes the system easy to expand, reduces module coupling and improves reliability., (open access.)

To investigate the effect of long-distance organic ligand on electronic coupling between metallic atoms, the mononuclear and dinuclear complexes [Cp(dppe)Fe(apc)] (1), [{Cp(dppe)Fe} 2 (μ-adpc)] (2), [{CpMe 5 (dppe)Fe} 2 (μ-adpc) (3) and their oxidized complexes [Cp(dppe)Fe(apc)][PF 6 ] (1[PF 6 ]), [{Cp(dppe)Fe} 2 (μ-adpc)][PF 6 ] (2[PF 6 ] 2 ), [{CpMe 5 (dppe)Fe} 2 (μ-adpc)][PF 6 ] 2 (3[PF 6 ] 2 ) (Cp=1,3-cyclopentadiene, CpMe 5 =1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene, dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), apc - =4-azo(phenylcyanamido)benzene and adpc 2- =4,4'-azodi(phenylcyanamido)) were synthesized and characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectra. Electrochemical measurements showed no electronic coupling between the two terminal Fe units, However, the investigation results of the magnetic properties of the two-electron oxidized complexes indicate the presence of moderate antiferromagnetic coupling across 18 Å distance., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Murine adenosine deaminase (mADA) is a prototypic system for studying the thermal activation of active site chemistry within the TIM barrel family of enzyme reactions. Previous temperature-dependent hydrogen deuterium exchange studies under various conditions have identified interconnected thermal networks for heat transfer from opposing protein-solvent interfaces to active site residues in mADA. One of these interfaces contains a solvent exposed helix-loop-helix moiety that presents the hydrophobic face of its long α-helix to the backside of bound substrate. Herein we pursue the time and temperature dependence of solvation dynamics at the surface of mADA, for comparison to established kinetic parameters that represent active site chemistry. We first created a modified protein devoid of native tryptophans with close to native kinetic behavior. Single site-specific tryptophan mutants were back inserted into each of the four positions where native tryptophans reside. Measurements of nanosecond fluorescence relaxation lifetimes and Stokes shift decays, that reflect time dependent environmental reoroganization around the photo-excited state of Trp*, display minimal temperature dependences. These regions serve as controls for the behavior of a new single tryptophan inserted into a solvent exposed region near the helix-loop-helix moiety located behind the bound substrate, Lys54Trp. This installed Trp displays a significantly elevated value for Ea ( k Stokes shift ) ; further, when Phe61 within the long helix positioned behind bound substrate is replaced by a series of aliphatic hydrophobic side chains, the trends in Ea ( k Stokes shift ) mirror the earlier reported impact of the same series of function-altering hydrophobic side chains on the activation energy of catalysis, Ea ( k cat ) .The reported experimental findings implicate a solvent initiated and rapid (>ns) protein restructuring that contributes to the enthalpic activation barrier to catalysis in mADA.

Background and Objectives: Long-term pathological myocardial hypertrophy (MH) seriously affects the normal function of the heart. Dronedarone was reported to attenuate left ventricular hypertrophy of mice. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism of dronedarone in MH is unclear., Methods: Angiotensin II (Ang II) was used to induce cell hypertrophy of H9C2 cells. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed to establish a rat model of MH. Cell size was evaluated using crystal violet staining and rhodamine phalloidin staining. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of genes. JASPAR and luciferase activity were conducted to predict and validate interaction between forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and protein kinase inhibitor alpha (PKIA) promoter., Results: Ang II treatment induced cell hypertrophy and inhibited sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, which were reversed by dronedarone. SIRT1 overexpression or PKIA overexpression enhanced dronedarone-mediated suppression of cell hypertrophy in Ang II-induced H9C2 cells. Mechanistically, SIRT1 elevated FOXO3 expression through SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of FOXO3 and FOXO3 upregulated PKIA expression through interacting with PKIA promoter. Moreover, SIRT1 silencing compromised dronedarone-mediated suppression of cell hypertrophy, while PKIA upregulation abolished the influences of SIRT1 silencing. More importantly, dronedarone improved TAC surgery-induced MH and impairment of cardiac function of rats via affecting SIRT1/FOXO3/PKIA axis., Conclusions: Dronedarone alleviated MH through mediating SIRT1/FOXO3/PKIA axis, which provide more evidences for dronedarone against MH., Competing Interests: The authors have no financial conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. The Korean Society of Cardiology.)

With the continuous development of laser technology and the increasing demand for lasers of different frequencies in the infrared (IR) spectrum, research on infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals has garnered growing attention. Currently, the three main commercially available types of borate materials each have their drawbacks, which limit their applications in various areas. Rare-earth (RE)-based chalcogenide compounds, characterized by the unique f-electron configuration, strong positive charges, and high coordination numbers of RE cations, often exhibit distinctive optical responses. In the field of IR-NLO crystals, they have a research history spanning several decades, with increasing interest. However, there is currently no comprehensive review summarizing and analyzing these promising compounds. In this review, we categorize 85 representative examples out of more than 400 non-centrosymmetric (NCS) compounds into four classes based on the connection of different asymmetric building motifs: (1) RE-based chalcogenides containing tetrahedral motifs; (2) RE-based chalcogenides containing lone-pair-electron motifs; (3) RE-based chalcogenides containing [BS 3 ] and [P 2 Q 6 ] motifs; and (4) RE-based chalcohalides and oxychalcogenides. We provide detailed discussions on their synthesis methods, structures, optical properties, and structure-performance relationships. Finally, we present several favorable suggestions to further explore RE-based chalcogenide compounds. These suggestions aim to approach these compounds from a new perspective in the field of structural chemistry and potentially uncover hidden treasures within the extensive accumulation of previous research., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The goal of this study was to investigate how the electron-donating capability around the lower valent metal ion and the electron-accepting capability of the higher valent metal ion influence metal to metal charge transfer (MMCT) properties in mixed-valence complexes. A series of trinuclear ruthenium complexes represented as [Ru 2 (ap-4-Me) 3 (CH 3 COO)NCRuCpMe x (dppe)][PF 6 ] (CpMe x = polymethylcyclopentadienyl, x = 0, 1, and 5; and dppe = 1, 2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, ap-4-Me = 2-anilino-4-methylpyridine) and their one-electron oxidized products were synthesized and fully characterized. The UV-vis-NIR spectra confirmed that as the electron donor character of the CpMe x (dppe)RuCN fragment enhanced or the electron-accepting capability of the higher valent diruthenium cluster increased, the Ru II → RuV2 or RuVI2 Ru 2 MMCT bands shifted to lower energies, which was supported by TDDFT calculations.

Plant autotoxicity is considered to be one of the important causes of continuous cropping obstacles in modern agriculture, which accumulates a lot of allelochemicals and xenobiotics and is difficult to solve effectively. To overcome tobacco continuous obstacles, a strain Pigmentiphaga kullae CHJ604 isolated from the environment can effectively degrade these compounds in this study. CHJ604 strain can degrade 11 types of autotoxicity allelochemicals and xenobiotics (1646.22 μg/kg) accumulated in the soil of ten-years continuous cropping of tobacco. The 11 allelochemicals and xenobiotics significantly reduced Germination Percentage (GP), Germination Index (GI), and Mean Germination Time (MGT) of tobacco seeds, and inhibited the development of leaves, stems, and roots. These negative disturbances can be eliminated by CHJ604 strain. The degradation pathways of 11 allelochemicals and xenobiotics were obtained by whole genome sequence and annotation of CHJ604 strain. The heterologous expression of a terephthalate 1,2-dioxygenase can catalyze 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde, respectively. The phthalate 4,5-dioxygenase can catalyze phthalic acid, diisobutyl phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate. These two enzymes are conducive to the simultaneous degradation of multiple allelochemicals and xenobiotics by strain CHJ604. This study provides new insights into the biodegradation of autotoxicity allelochemicals and xenobiotics as it is the first to describe a degrading bacterium of 11 types of allelochemicals and xenobiotics and their great potential in improving tobacco continuous obstacles., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Hong-Jun Chao reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Noncentrosymmetric (NCS) oxychalcogenides have attracted great attention in recent years due to their immense potential as candidates for IR nonlinear-optical (NLO) applications. Despite notable advancements in this field, the discovery of oxychalcogenides with three-dimensional (3D) framework structures remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we report the discovery of the first hexanary oxychalcogenide, Ba 10 In 2 Mn 11 Si 3 O 12 S 18 , exhibiting second-order NLO activity, using a high-temperature solid-phase method. This compound showcases a novel structure type, featuring an uncommon NCS 3D [In 2 Mn 11 Si 3 O 12 S 18 ] 20- framework formed by vertex-sharing [(Mn/In)S 6 ] octahedra, [(Mn/In)OS 3 ] tetrahedra, and [SiO 4 ] tetrahedra, with charge-balanced Ba 2+ cations occupying the channels. Our study serves as a source of inspiration for researchers to further investigate the synthesis of novel NLO-active oxychalcogenides with 3D frameworks.

To achieve fine regulation of Fe II SCO behavior, a series of trinuclear cyanido-bridged complexes trans -[CpMe n (dppe)M II (CN)] 2 [Fe1 II (abpt) 2 ](OTf) 2 (1-4) (1, M = Fe2 and n = 1; 2, M = Fe2 and n = 4; 3, M = Fe2 and n = 5; 4, M = Ru and n = 5; CpMe n = alkyl cyclopentadienyl with n = 1, 4, 5; dppe = 1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ethane; abpt = 4-amino-3,5-bis-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole and OTf = CF 3 SO 3 - ) were synthesized and fully characterized by using elemental analysis, X-ray crystallography, magnetic measurements, variable-temperature IR spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy. It is worth mentioning that different from many mononuclear Fe(abpt) 2 X 2 (X = NCS, NCSe, N(CN) 2 , C(CN) 3 , (NC) 2 CC(OCH 3 )C(CN) 2 , (NC) 2 CC(OC 2 H 5 )C(CN) 2 , C 16 SO 3 and Cl) complexes with more than one polymorph, only one polycrystalline form was found in complexes 1-4. Moreover, the thermally induced SCO behaviors of these four complexes are independent of intermolecular π-π interactions. The electron-donating ability of the C CN -terminal fragment of CpMe n (dppe)M II CN can be flexibly regulated by changing the methyl number ( n ) of the cyclopentadiene ligand or metal ion type (M II ). These investigations indicate that the electron-donating ability of the C CN -terminal fragment has an influence on the SCO behavior of Fe1 II . The spin transition temperature ( T 1/2 ) of the complexes decreases with the increase of the electron-donating ability of the fragment CpMe n (dppe)M II . This study provides a new strategy to predict and precisely regulate the behaviors of SCO complexes.

Study Design: A retrospective study., Objective: To investigate the risk of adjacent segment disease (ASD) after L4-5 transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in patients diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), a prediction model for ASD is established and validated., Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on a sample of 290 patients who underwent L4-5 TLIF at Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, from January 2015 to January 2021. The study collected baseline data and preoperative radiographic features of L3-4 and L5-S1. The determination of the outcome variable was based on X-ray results spanning over 24 months and JOA scores. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors in constructing a nomogram., Results: Independent risk factors for L3-4 degeneration after TLIF included osteoarthritis of L3-4 facet joints, L3-4 foraminal stenosis, L4 upper endplate osteochondritis, L3-4 local lordosis angle, and L3-4 spinal stenosis. Independent risk factors for L5-S1 degeneration after TLIF included osteoarthritis of L5-S1 facet joints, L5-S1 intervertebral disc degeneration, L5-S1 spinal stenosis, L5-S1 coronal imbalance, and S1 upper endplate osteochondritis. A predictive model was developed. The AUC for the prediction models at L3-4 and L5-S1 were .945 and .956. The calibration curve demonstrated good consistency between the predicted and actual probabilities. The DCA curve indicated the clinical benefit and practical value of this predictive model., Conclusion: This study established nomograms for postoperative degeneration at L3-4 and L5-S1 based on selected preoperative radiographic features. These models provide a valuable auxiliary decision-making system for clinicians and aid in early surgical decisions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: The clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment for COVID-19 remain controversial. This study aimed to map the current status and gaps of available evidence, and conduct a meta-analysis to further investigate the benefit of IVIg in COVID-19 patients., Methods: Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews/meta-analyses (SR/MAs), primary studies with control groups, reporting on the use of IVIg in patients with COVID-19. A random-effects meta-analysis with subgroup analyses regarding study design and patient disease severity was performed. Our outcomes of interest determined by the evidence mapping, were mortality, length of hospitalization (days), length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (days), number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation, and adverse events., Results: We included 34 studies (12 SR/MAs, 8 prospective and 14 retrospective studies). A total of 5571 hospitalized patients were involved in 22 primary studies. Random-effects meta-analyses of very low to moderate evidence showed that there was little or no difference between IVIg and standard care or placebo in reducing mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.91; 95% CI 0.78-1.06; risk difference [RD] 3.3% fewer), length of hospital (mean difference [MD] 0.37; 95% CI - 2.56, 3.31) and ICU (MD 0.36; 95% CI - 0.81, 1.53) stays, mechanical ventilation use (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.68-1.24; RD 2.8% fewer), and adverse events (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.84-1.14; RD 0.5% fewer) of patients with COVID-19. Sensitivity analysis using a fixed-effects model indicated that IVIg may reduce mortality (RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.60-0.97), and increase length of hospital stay (MD 0.68; 95% CI 0.09-1.28)., Conclusion: Very low to moderate certainty of evidence indicated IVIg may not improve the clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Given the discrepancy between the random- and fixed-effects model results, further large-scale and well-designed RCTs are warranted., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

It is substantially challenging for non-centrosymmetric (NCS) Hg-based chalcogenides for infrared nonlinear optical (IR-NLO) applications to realize wide band gap (E g > 3.0 eV) and sufficient phase-matching (PM) second-harmonic-generation intensity (d eff > 1.0 × benchmark AgGaS 2 ) simultaneously due to the inherent incompatibility. To address this issue, this work presents a diagonal synergetic substitution strategy for creating two new NCS quaternary Hg-based chalcogenides, AEHgGeS 4 (AE = Sr and Ba), based on the centrosymmetric (CS) AEIn 2 S 4 . The derived AEHgGeS 4 displays excellent NLO properties such as a wide E g (≈3.04-3.07 eV), large PM d eff (≈2.2-3.0 × AgGaS 2 ), ultra-high laser-induced damage threshold (≈14.8-15 × AgGaS 2 ), and suitable Δn (≈0.19-0.24@2050 nm), making them highly promising candidates for IR-NLO applications. Importantly, such excellent second-order NLO properties are primarily attributed to the synergistic combination of tetrahedral [HgS 4 ] and [GeS 4 ] functional primitives, as supported by detailed theoretical calculations. This study reports the first two NCS Hg-based materials with well-balanced comprehensive properties (i.e., E g > 3.0 eV and d eff > 1.0 × benchmark AgGaS 2 ) and puts forward a new design avenue for the construction of more efficient IR-NLO candidates., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: The mental health of healthcare workers during the coronavirus-2019 pandemic was seriously affected, and the risk of mental health problems was high. The present study sought to systematically evaluate the mental health problems of healthcare workers worldwide during the pandemic and to determine the latest global frequency of COVID-19 associated mental health problems., Methods: Data in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Elsevier, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO and the Web of Science before November 11, 2022, were systematically searched. Cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies were included. The meta-analysis used a random effects model to synthesize the comprehensive prevalence rate of mental health problems. Subgroup analyses were performed based on time of data collection; whether the country was or was not developed; continent; doctors and nurses; doctors/nurses vs. other healthcare workers; and psychological evaluation scale., Results: A total of 161 studies were included, including 341,014 healthcare workers worldwide, with women accounting for 82.8%. Occupationally, 16.2% of the healthcare workers were doctors, 63.6% were nurses and 13.3% were other medical staff. During the pandemic, 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35-60%) of healthcare workers reported job burnout, 38% (95% CI, 35-41%) experienced anxiety, 34% (95% CI 30-38%) reported depression, 30% (95% CI, 29-31%) had acute stress disorder, and 26% (95% CI, 21-31%) had post-traumatic stress disorder., Conclusions: The study found that there were common mental health problems among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common was job burnout, followed by anxiety, depression, acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. Although the global pandemic has been brought under control, its long-term impact on the mental health of healthcare workers cannot be ignored. Additional research is required to develop measures to prevent, monitor and treat psychological disorders among healthcare workers., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Glutathione (GSH) as one most abundant thiol, acts as important roles in regulating cellular redox activities, and various diseases are closely related with its abnormal levels. Thus, monitoring intracellular GSH levels is essential for understanding cellular metabolism of many related diseases. In this work, we firstly reported a new fluorescence turn-on sensor, which was capable of selectively, sensitively and rapid sensing GSH over other thiols, especially cysteine and homocysteine in solutions and living cells. A meso-aryltellurium boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) was firstly designed and synthesized, which showed silenced emission due to an efficient photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process from electron-rich Te to BODIPY, and then upon exposure to GSH, the meso-Te-C bond could be rapidly cleaved by the thiol group of GSH, thus resulting in an obvious fluorescence "turn-on" phenomenon through inhibition of the PET effect. This probe exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards GSH with a short response time of 2 min, showing a remarkable fluorescence enhancement observed at 541 nm with a large fluorescence quantum yield increase from nearly 0 to 0.73 upon excitation at 500 nm in PBS/CH 3 CN (9/1, v/v). The detection limit towards GSH was further calculated to be 1.7 nM by the linear fluorescence change at 541 nm in the GSH-concentration ranging from 0 to 4 μM. Furthermore, its sensing mechanism was validated by using mass spectrometry, confirming the rapid cleavage of the Te-C bond by GSH. Finally, cell imaging experiments demonstrated that this probe could successfully detect GSH in living cells, highlighting its potential for rapid and sensitive detection of intracellular GSH level changes. Therefore, a new meso-aryltellurium-BODIPY fluorescence turn-on sensor was firstly developed, which could selectively, sensitively and fast detect cellular GSH over other thiols based on the rapid cleavage of the meso Te-C bond., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The density of CD169 + macrophages has been reported to positively correlate with the number of CD8 + T cells, although this remains controversial. To better understand this topic, we conducted a meta-analysis. We searched the PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science databases for studies that were published before May 2022 and performed a meta-analysis of the incidence of low and high CD169 expression in groups based on CD8 expression using the random-effects model. A total of 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The incidence of high CD169 expression in lymph nodes was significantly lower than that of low CD169 expression in the low CD8 expression group (odds ratio (OR): 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6, 0.96); however, the incidence of high CD169 expression in lymph nodes was higher than that of low CD169 expression in the high CD8 expression group (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.07). We also found that the expression of CD169 in tumors was lower than that in nontumor tissues (standardized mean difference: -5.29, 95% CI: -7.47, -3.11). The overall survival and hazard ratio of patients with high and low CD169 expression was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.55). This analysis showed that high CD169 expression was associated with a high CD8 expression, and low CD169 expression was associated with low CD8 expression. The risk of death was 55% lower for patients with high CD169 expression, and high CD169 expression may be associated with favorable survival outcomes in cancer patients. However, the number and heterogeneity of the studies should be taken into consideration when evaluating the analysis. High-quality randomized controlled trials on the association between CD169 and CD8 expression are needed to verify these effects., Competing Interests: All the authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yong Wang et al.)

Background: Diarrhea is a prevalent complication after renal transplantation., Objective: To examine the risk factors for diarrhea after renal transplantation, evaluate their combined predictive values, and analyze the prognosis., Methods: Clinical data of patients who underwent allogeneic renal transplantation in the Second People's Hospital of Shanxi Province from January 2019 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, cases were screened and grouped, independent risk factors for diarrhea after renal transplantation were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, and their predictive value was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The survival time of recipient grafts in diarrhea and non-diarrhea groups were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test., Results: We included 166 recipients in the study and the incidence of diarrhea was 25.9%; univariate and logistic regression multivariate analyses revealed that independent risk factors for diarrhea in recipients were that the type of renal transplant donor was DCD (donation after circulatory death), immunity induction was onducted with basiliximab + antithymocyte globulin (ATG), and ATG alone, the type of mycophenolic acid (MPA) used was mycophenolate mofetil capsules, and delayed graft function (DGF) occurred after transplantation. The ROC curve indicated that the combination of the four factors had good accuracy in predicting the occurrence of diarrhea in recipients. The graft survival rate two years after the operation in the diarrhea group was significantly lower than that in the non-diarrhea group., Conclusion: Diarrhea affected the two-year survival rate of the graft. The type of donor, immunity induction scheme, and the type of MPA and DGF were independent risk factors for diarrhea in recipients, and the combination of the four factors had good prognostic prediction value.

Pyroptosis, a newly discovered pro-inflammatory programmed necrosis of cells, serves as an initiating and promoting event that leads to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD). Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and autophagy are vital regulatory mechanisms of cellular homeostasis, which is also closely related to IDD. However, the role and relationship of ERS and autophagy in the pyroptosis of nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) are not well understood. In this research, we aimed to elucidate the role and mechanism of ERS-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell pyroptosis and determine its interaction with autophagy. ERS and autophagy inducers or inhibitors were used or not in the preconditioning of rat NPCs. Cell viability, pyroptosis-related protein expression, caspase-1 activity assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to observe rat NPC pyroptosis after the treatment of LPS. Activation of the ERS pathway and autophagy were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot analyses, and immunofluorescence staining assay to classify the molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that LPS stimulation induced NPC pyroptosis with concomitant activation of the ERS-CHOP pathway and initiated autophagy. Activation of the ERS-CHOP pathway exacerbated rat NPC pyroptosis, whereas autophagy inhibited cell pyroptosis. LPS-induced cell pyroptosis and CHOP upregulation were negatively regulated by autophagy. LPS-induced autophagy was depressed by the ERS inhibitor but aggravated by the ERS inducer. Taken together, our findings suggested that LPS induced NPC pyroptosis by activating ERS-CHOP signaling and ERS mediated LPS-induced autophagy, which in turn alleviated NPC pyroptosis by inhibiting CHOP signaling., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)