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Iron is the primary constituent element of Earth's core, and its equation of state plays a pivotal role in understanding the thermodynamic properties of the core. However, uncertainties in experimental data have significant effects on the parameters within the iron equation of state. Using Bayesian statistical analysis coupled with Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation methods, we quantified the uncertainties in the equation of state parameters. During the simulation process, we proposed a simple yet efficient computational method for determining the probability of phase boundary data. The equation of state we obtained accurately reproduces various experimental data, including phase boundary experiments, static pressure data under different conditions, shock wave data, and sound velocity data at different states. With 100 posterior parameter samples, we predict that the density deficit of Earth's outer core falls within a range of approximately 9.5%–10.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient and practical multicomponent strategy for the sulfenoamination of alkenes was realized, which using free‐thiols as the sulfur‐reagent, NIS both as radical initiator and an N‐nucleophile. This protocol excellent in terms of transition‐metal‐free, good functional group tolerance, easily available substrates and facile scale‐up. And provided a direct‐ and general way to synthesize various β‐succinimide sulfides with high regioselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity and complexity of 5G network services make the Poisson distribution-based reliability test confidence analysis method of traditional products no longer applicable. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a confidence analysis method based on application failure distribution statistics. In the early stage of the reliability test, it is designed to conduct a pre-test. Two methods for statistically fitting the pre-tested application failure data are described to obtain the failure distribution law of the 5G network applications. The confidence analysis is then applied in order to get the required duration of the test and the confidence interval of the test result. Case verification shows that this method can help 5G network test designers to obtain credible test results.

Background and Aims Survivors of acute coronary syndromes face an elevated risk of recurrent atherosclerosis-related vascular events despite advanced medical treatments. The underlying causes remain unclear. This study aims to investigate whether myocardial infarction (MI)-induced trained immunity in monocytes could sustain proatherogenic traits and expedite atherosclerosis. Methods Apolipoprotein-E deficient (ApoE−/−) mice and adoptive bone marrow transfer chimeric mice underwent MI or myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion (IR). A subsequent 12-week high-fat diet (HFD) regimen was implemented to elucidate the mechanism behind monocyte trained immunity. In addition, classical monocytes were analysed by flow cytometry in the blood of enrolled patients. Results In MI and IR mice, blood monocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages exhibited elevated spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), lysine methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A), and CCHC-type zinc finger nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP) expression upon exposure to a HFD or oxidized LDL (oxLDL) stimulation. MI-induced trained immunity was transmissible by transplantation of bone marrow to accelerate atherosclerosis in naive recipients. KMT5A specifically recruited monomethylation of Lys20 of histone H4 (H4K20me) to the gene body of SYK and synergistically transactivated SYK with CNBP. In vivo small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibition of KMT5A or CNBP potentially slowed post-MI atherosclerosis. Sympathetic denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine reduced atherosclerosis and inflammation after MI. Classical monocytes from ST-elevation MI (STEMI) patients with advanced coronary lesions expressed higher SYK and KMT5A gene levels. Conclusions The findings underscore the crucial role of monocyte trained immunity in accelerated atherosclerosis after MI, implying that SYK in blood classical monocytes may serve as a predictive factor for the progression of atherosclerosis in STEMI patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]