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Combined with sizing and two-dimensional knitting technology，continuous alumina fiber sewing threads with partial covering structures of F-3，F-4 and F-5 were prepared，and the effect of covering structure on the wear behavior between sewing threads and pinholes was studied by using a self-developed experimental device. The contour appearance of sewing threads with different coating structures and the damage morphology evolution under friction were characterized by 3D profilometer. Through the tensile tests，the strength retention rate of sewing thread under different rubbing times was characterized. The wear performance of sewing thread under different experimental parameters was evaluated by the number of wear breaks. The results show that the change of coating process parameters affects the fluctuation state of sewing thread surface profile，which leads to the increase of hairiness length after wear with the increase of coating yarn number and knitting pitch. Compared with the original yarn and sizing yarn，the wear resistance of sewing thread is significantly improved. With the increase of rubbing times，the strength retention rate of sewing thread shows a rapid decline and then tends to be flat. When rubbing times reach 30 times，the strength retention rates of F-3，F-4 and F-5 sewing threads are 12.89%，28.82% and 18.35% respectively. With the increases of friction distance and yarn tension and the decrease of friction angle，the number of wear-out of sewing thread decreases gradually.

General practitioners (GPs) are the"gatekeepers"of residents' health. In China, Up to 2021, 84.4% of GPs account for 22.7% of the total primary physicians. The quantity and quality of the GP workforce are related to the level of primary care services. In recent years, the central government and governments at all levels have attached great importance to the construction of the GP workforce and successively introduced many supportive policies. However, the number of GPs in China currently only accounts for 10.1% of practicing (assistant) physicians, and the lack of position attractiveness of GPs has become the main reason restricting the development and growth of the GP workforce. Based on the talent itself, this paper constructs a talent development mechanism-oriented model of "primary general practitioner-position attractiveness" to deeply analyze the dilemmas of GPs in seven aspects of education, recruitment, application, motivation, evaluation, development and support, explore countermeasures to solve the problems, in order to provide a scientific basis for enhancing the position attractiveness of GPs, stabilizing the talent team of GPs, and improving the quality and level of primary care services.

[Purpose/Significance] Today, the methods of global technology cooperation have become diversified, while the patterns of knowledge and resource flows have become networked. The way knowledge flows between science and technology and promotes innovation is a hot topic in informatics research. Under such circumstances, the transfer and flow of technical knowledge has become increasingly important for the creation of new technologies and the generation of new knowledge. It can provide potential solutions for solving technical problems and generating technological competitive advantages. This study reveals the structural characteristics of the knowledge flow network between science and technology from a micro perspective, and provides new ideas for discovering new knowledge flow and communication channels, understanding the links between science and technology, and exploring innovation breakthroughs. [Method/Process] This paper adopts a multi-perspective approach and exames technical knowledge citation, scientific knowledge citation, and the intersection of scientific knowledge. Specifically, the study focuses on patent-patent citation, patent-paper citation, and paper-discipline co-occurrence, and uses a multi-layer network method to develop a science-technology (S&T) knowledge flow micro-network analysis framework. Through this framework, knowledge flow patterns between science and technology can be comprehensively explored. An empirical study was conducted in the field of genetically modified corn to investigate the knowledge flow patterns between science and technology. Using a multi-layered network model, this study aims to explore the relationship between science and technology from three different perspectives. [Results/Conclusions] The results of the study suggest that technology nodes that absorb multidisciplinary knowledge are more likely to engage in knowledge diffusion or absorption. Additionally, knowledge flow is more likely to occur between the technology nodes corresponding to two interdisciplinary subjects. The analytical framework proposed in our study can reveal the characteristics of knowledge flow from a micro perspective, and can identify two types of knowledge flow structures in the empirical case of genetically modified corn, which extends and enriches existing research on knowledge flow. In the future, the S&T knowledge flow research framework proposed in this study has the potential to be further extended and widely applied by incorporating different types of knowledge subjects, enriching knowledge attribute factors, and expanding knowledge flow paths. For instance, the research framework can be extended to broader fields to explore the relationship between knowledge flow patterns and the characteristics of these fields. It can also be used to explore knowledge flow patterns and potential technological breakthroughs at different flow levels and innovation themes. Such research can serve as a basis for innovation policy and provide theoretical support for the development of strategies and technology research directions.

ObjectiveTo investigate the status quo of consumer health food knowledge， attitude， and behavior （KAP） and explore related influencing factors in order to provide a basis for the development of health food science popularization.MethodsA survey on KAP of health food was conducted among consumers in 23 provinces and 4 municipalities directly through online questionnaires， and professional quality and working intention of science popularization workers and health food workers were investigated.ResultsThe average awareness rate of consumer health food knowledge was 45.30%， the average rate of holding the correct attitude was 67.92%， and the average rate of correct behavior was 44.86%. Age， registered residence， educational background， and industry were factors that affected the KAP score of health food， and there was a positive correlation between the scores of knowledge， attitude， and behavior. There were some problems in the work of science popularization， such as insufficient science popularization， single science popularization form， and one-sided science popularization content.ConclusionThe overall level of consumers’ knowledge， attitude， and behavior regarding health food is low； science popularization should be strengthened， and interest in science popularization should be increased. At the same time， the principle of objectivity should be followed to popularize the efficacy of health food.

Abstract Background Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are at high risk of burnout and warranting attention. Existing literature found that work frustration was related to burnout, whilst perceived organization support influenced the association of work frustration with burnout. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of work frustration and burnout among ICU nurses, and to examine the moderating effect of perceived organization support in their relationship. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 479 ICU nurses from several 3 tertiary hospitals during December 2021 to May 2022. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human services survey (MBI-HSS), National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and perceived organization support Scale (POSS) were used to collect data. The PROCESS macro was performed to test the moderation effect of perceived organization support. Results The total score of burnouts was (55.79 ± 17.20), the total score of work frustration was (7.44 ± 1.86). Burnout was positively correlated with work frustration (r = 0.301, P

Aiming at the problem of straightness detection of scraper conveyor in fully mechanized mining face, the straightness detecting method of a scraper conveyor based on combined inertial navigation is proposed. The combined inertial navigation system consists of strap down inertial navigation, odometer and laser radar. The Kalman filtering algorithm is used to fuse the strap down inertial navigation and odometer information to obtain the straightness detection information of the scraper conveyor. Before the start of each coal cutting, the laser radar technology is used to measure the positional relationship between the two ends of the scraper conveyor and the identification board of the transportation lane and the return airway, in order to calibrate the initial position of strap down inertial navigation system. The straightness detection information of scraper conveyor by laser radar is used to compensate the accumulated error of the position and attitude of the combined positioning method for strap down inertial navigation and odometer after a long time operation. By fitting the detected position information of the shearer, the straightness of the scraper conveyor can be obtained. The straightness detection method of the scraper conveyor was tested in fully mechanized mining face of Huangling Mine. The experiment results indicate that through the information fusion of strap down inertial navigation, odometer and laser radar, the detection error of radar in the advancing direction of working face is less than 0.05 m and the straightness detection error of the scraper conveyor at a 150 m fully mechanized mining face is less than 7 cm. It lays a good foundation for the automatic straightening of hydraulic supports in fully mechanized mining face.

D-amphetamine has been used to enhance cognitive performance over the last few decades. Due to the rapid absorption after administration, d-amphetamine shows narrow effective window and severe abuse potential. Lisdexamfetamine, a prodrug of d-amphetamine, reduces the magnitude of plasma d-amphetamine concentration and prolongs the action duration when compared with immediate-release d-amphetamine at equimolar doses. However, the differences of these two drugs, which produce distinct pharmacokinetic characteristics, in cognition improvement still unclear. In present study, we compared the effects of d-amphetamine (i.p) and lisdexamfetamine (p.o) at equimolar doses (0.2, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5, and 13.5 mg/kg of d-amphetamine base) on locomotion, spatial working memory and recognition memory in rats. Given the crucial involvement of dopamine neurotransmitter system within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in cognitive processing, microdialysis was conducted to profile the difference in neurochemical characteristics between the two drugs. In our results, d-amphetamine ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg significantly increased locomotor activity. However, d-amphetamine ranges from 0.2 to 13.5 mg/kg failed to improve spatial working memory and recognition memory in Y-maze-based spontaneous alternation and two-trial delayed alternation tasks of rats, respectively. In contrast, lisdexamfetamine with 4.5 mg/kg significantly increased the locomotion and improved both spatial working and recognition memory. Further, microdialysis showed that lisdexamfetamine induced lower magnitude and longer duration of extracellular dopamine increase than that of d-amphetamine. These results suggest that lisdexamfetamine was more effective than d-amphetamine in improving spatial cognitive performance, which was attributed to the steady and lasting dopamine release pattern within the mPFC.

As an important part of the historical and cultural city, with the acceleration of urbanization, the protection of the block will face many challenges, aiming at the problems of breaking the traditional texture of the streets and alleys, the carrier of cultural inheritance has been destroyed, how to achieve the connection between historical inheritance and the development of the times, it is urgent to study the corresponding mode and method. From the perspective of living inheritance, this paper compares the before and after the renovation of Nanchang Wanshougong historical and cultural district through the field research and literature investigation of Nanchang Wanshougong, explores the application of intangible cultural heritage in the renewal and transformation of historical and cultural districts, and puts forward feasible suggestions for the shortcomings of historical and cultural districts after transformation.

Determining how mountain communities in conservation priority areas can benefit from rich local biodiversity through sustainable development has been a challenge to governments throughout the world. The village of Hanlong in western Yunnan China has been developing bird photography tourism to capitalize on the extremely rich avifaunal diversity of the area. In this study, we analyzed the impact of the emerging tourism on local communities' livelihoods and identified the key areas of improvements for wider dissemination of the experiences. Bird photography tourism in Hanlong has contributed significantly to the sustainable livelihoods of local communities by providing a major new source of income, creating local employment opportunities, and reducing local people's dependence on the extractive use of forest resources. In the process, local communities have acquired new knowledge, skills, and social networks. They have also developed new institutions and governance mechanisms, which enable them to better adapt to the changing socioeconomic environment. Bird photography tourism offers new opportunities and hope for sustaining local livelihoods and biodiversity in conservation priority areas. Experiences in Hanlong offer an excellent heuristic example for sustainable community development, adaptation, and transformational change in conservation priority areas. They also contribute to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals and Aichi targets and thus have value for wider upscaling. Geographical location, local leadership, and external support are all important for the success of bird photography in Hanlong. We recommend that a landscape (including transboundary landscape) approach be adopted to integrate farming practices, other economic activities, and photography tourism. Farming practices and land uses that sustain bird diversity should be encouraged.

Mountain forest ecosystems provide us with life-supporting ecosystem services that are valuable for local, regional, and global communities. Ecological niche-based models have been used extensively, with remarkable success, in understanding the influence of climate change on potential distribution of species. In this study, we used maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modelling to predict the potential distribution of ecologically important tree species, Abies, Picea, and Juniperus, at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau in China. The potential distribution of tree species was modelled and predicted on genus level for current and three representative concentration pathway (RCPs) based future (2050s and 2070s) climate conditions. The model performed well and gave reliable results for current and potential species’ distribution. Precipitation of wettest month was the most important environmental variable for determining the habitat suitability of all tree species, with 30.3% (Abies), 51.2% (Picea), and 57% (Juniperus) contribution to model output, respectively. Temperature seasonality, temperature annual range, and soil type also made the most significant contribution to model outputs. Model projections under current climate highlight that the total suitable habitats, which included regions with different probability of species occurrence, for Abies (3234.2 km2) was much higher than Picea (2003.7 km2) and Juniperus (1784.8 km2). However, projections of habitat suitability under current climate scenario projected onto future climate change scenarios for all concentration pathways in 2050s and 2070s, showed a clear decline in potentially suitable habitats for all three species. The shifts in geographic distributions under future climate scenarios showed an unusual pattern, with slight downward shift of the mean elevation with high habitat suitability for the occurrence of tree species in most RCPs, accompanied by a decrease in the elevational range of suitable habitats. The results of this study highlight the urgent need for forest management strategies to conserve the habitats of these species. Our study offers base-line information on the impact of climate-change on major tree species which can aid in guiding adaptation strategies for forest conservation and management in order to sustain the delivery of ecosystem services in the future.

Purpose - The purpose of the study is to analyse the occurrence and distribution of different tree species in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, as a baseline for further inventories, and estimate the biomass per species and plot. Furthermore, it aims to measure forest biodiversity using established formulae for tree species diversity index, richness, evenness and accumulative curve. Design/methodology/approach - Field data were collected, including stratification of forest sample plots. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out, and locally appropriate allometric equations were applied for biomass estimation. Findings - Representative circular 556 forest sample plots of 1,000 m2 contained 13,135 trees belonging to nine tree species with a total aboveground biomass of 12,887 tonnes. Sixty-eight per cent of the trees were found between 2,600 and 3,400 masl; approximately 63 per cent had a diameter at breast height equal to 30 cm, and 45 per cent were less than 12 m in height. The Shannon diversity index was 1.82, and Simpson’s index of diversity was 0.813. Research limitations/implications - Rough terrain, long distances, harsh weather conditions and location of forest in steep narrow valleys presented challenges for the field crews, and meant that fieldwork took longer than planned. Practical implications - Estimating biomass in Gilgit-Baltistan’s forests using locally developed allometric equations will provide transparency in estimates of forest reference levels, National Forest Monitoring System in Pakistan and devising Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation national strategies and for effective implementation. Originality/value - This paper presents the first detailed forest inventory carried out for the dry temperate and semi-arid cold region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

With The rapid development of civil aircraft digital integrated collaborative development mode, the traditional airworthiness management system has become more and more unsuitable for the digitization, informatization and networking of the collaborative development demand. It is urgent to establish a suitable airworthiness management system which can be adapted to collaborative development. In this article, from the architecture of the collaborative development, the characteristics and the key technologies of the collaborative development are analyzed, and then the structure, feature and scope of the airworthiness management system based on the collaborative development mode are focused to discuss. The construction scheme of the airworthiness-engineering collaborative management system for type certification process is given. This scheme can realize the airworthiness control for the whole aircraft development process, standardize the airworthiness review activities, shorten the period of type certification, and then lay the foundation for the type development and commercial success.

Abstract Background Local people in the Himalayan region use a wide range of wild and non-cultivated edible plants (WNEPs) for food, spice, medicinal, and cultural purposes. However, their availability, use, status and contribution to livelihood security are poorly documented, and they have been generally overlooked in recent agro-biodiversity conservation and management programmes. The study aimed to investigate WNEP diversity and current status in a part of the Kailash Sacred Landscape—a transboundary landscape shared by Nepal, India and PR China—in terms of collection, use, management and conservation initiatives. Methods Multiple methodologies and tools were used for data collection. A series of participatory tools (45 key informant interviews, 10 focus group discussions, a crop diversity fair, direct observation of species through a transect walk and rapid market assessments) was followed by a household survey (195 respondents) and complemented by a literature review. Results The study recorded 99 WNEPs belonging to 59 families of which 96 were angiosperms, one gymnosperm and two pteridophytes. Species were used for food, spice, medicine, rituals and income generation. Thirty-five species had multiple uses, including these: 40 species were used for fruit and 31 for vegetables. WNEPs contribute significantly to daily food requirements, especially the vegetables. The use value of Dryopteris cochleata was found highest (0.98) among frequently used vegetable species. The values of informant consensus factor were found maximum for worms in the stomach (0.99) and minimum for skin disease treatment (0.67). Nearly 85% of households depended exclusively on WNEPs for at least more than a month per year. Results on the importance and use of different species, gender roles in WNEP activities and conservation approaches are presented. Conclusions People living in the Kailash Sacred Landscape depend significantly on WNEPs, and this is especially critical in times of food shortage. The WNEPs have considerable potential as an important supplement to cultivated food crops. Farmers prioritise species with multiple use values and popular vegetables. However, there are numerous challenges and interventions needed to ensure conservation and management of species and their continued availability to support food security and local livelihoods.

The transboundary landscape approach builds on principles of integrated social-ecological systems with conservation and development perspectives at a transboundary level. The evolution of one such transboundary landscape in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) from the 1990's to the present is discussed through a phase-wise process. Both global and regional discourses have been influential in designing the transboundary Kangchenjunga Landscape which is shared by Bhutan, India and Nepal. The 25,085 sq.km landscape ranges in elevation from 40 to 8,586 m asl and is home to more than seven million people, while hosting more than 4,500 species of plants and at least 169 mammal and 618 bird species. With the aim of conserving and managing the landscape for sustained ecosystem services that ultimately contribute to the livelihoods of the women and men residing therein, the Kangchenjunga Landscape Conservation and Development Initiative was implemented since 2016. Lessons from the Kangchenjunga Landscape indicate that participatory and iterative boundary delineation, transboundary cooperation, identification of a lead institution, ensuring the global-local-global feedback cycle, and regional data sharing are key components for implementing transboundary landscape programmes in the region. Keywords: Landscape approach, Ecosystem management, Participatory planning, Regional cooperation, Theory of change

In wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, wireless transmission of signals is particularly important for some practical applications. An effective approach of signal and energy synchronous transmission based on time-sharing multiplexing of the same coupled coil is proposed in this paper. Using the same coupled coil, the signal transmission is carried on when interruption of power transmission happens. To realize the proposed method, the relationship between power transmission time and signal transmission time is provided to obtain the optimal transmission process of the power and signal. Besides, the power transmission efficiency (PTE) and the signal transmission rate (STR) are analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the experiment.

The Kangchenjunga landscape, a transboundary complex shared by Bhutan, India, and Nepal, is one of the biologically richest regions in the Eastern Himalayas. Owing to the remarkable biodiversity, the three countries came together to enhance regional cooperation in conservation and development in 2012. To start a strategic conservation intervention, the status of our knowledge base on biodiversity of the landscape is the most important stepping stone. In this paper, we traced the history of biodiversity research in the Kangchenjunga landscape, and present the research trends over time and subject interests. Meanwhile, we also identified key research and knowledge gaps and future priorities. For this, we analyzed 500 peer-reviewed journal articles (until 2014) relating to biodiversity, which were retrieved from the web platform ‘Google Scholar’ and other peer-reviewed journals. The review showed that the landscape received attention from the scientific community as early as the 1840s, and grew progressively after the 1980s. Research on fauna (especially mammals) and flora (especially angiosperms) is most notable, but with major gaps in systematic research of their ecology, whereas invertebrates other than butterflies appear to be neglected. There is a need for systematic research with long-term monitoring that would allow us to understand changes occurring within the landscape.

Silicon/carbon composites as anode materials for lithium batteries with high power capacity were synthesized by a high temperature pyrolysis method. The performances of the silicon/carbon composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,galvanostatic cell cycling,and cyclic voltammetry. It is found that the silicon/carbon composites consist of silicon,carbon and few silicon dioxide phases,and the carbon content is about 39%. Electrochemical cycling tests of button cells show that the specific capacity is far more than that of carbon materials. The initial charge capacity of the silicon/carbon composites is 768 m Ah·g-1 at a current of 0.2 m A and the initial coulombic efficiency is 75.6%.After 70 cycles the reversible specific capacity is 529.0 m Ah·g-1 and the average capacity deterioration rate of each cycle is 0.44%.These improvements can be attributed to the introduction of carbon in the Si/C composites and carbon coatings on the Si surface,which provide a rapid lithium transport pathway,reduce the cell impedance and stabilize the electrode structure during charge/discharge cycles.

Grasslands in the upper Indus basin provide a resource base for nomadic livestock grazing which is one of the major traditional livelihood practices in the area. The study presents climate patterns, grassland phenology, productivity and spatio-temporal climate controls on grassland growth using satellite data over the upper Indus basin of the Himalayan region, Pakistan. Phenology and productivity metrics of the grasses were estimated using a combination of derivative and threshold methods applied on fitted seasonal vegetation indices data over the period of 2001–2011. Satellite based rainfall and land surface temperature data are considered as representative explanatory variables to climate variability. The results showed distinct phenology and productivity patterns across four bioclimatic regions: (i) humid subtropical region (HSR)—late start and early end of season with short length of season and low productivity (ii) temperate region (TR)—early start and late end of season with higher length of season and moderate productivity (iii) sub alpine region (SAR)—late start and late end of season with very high length of season and the most productive grasses, and (iv) alpine region (AR)—late start and early end of season with small length of season and least productive grasses. Grassland productivity is constrained by temperature in the alpine region and by rainfall in the humid sub-tropical region. Spring temperature, winter and summer rainfall has shown significant and varied impact on phenology across different altitudes. The productivity is being influenced by summer and annual rainfall in humid subtropical regions, spring temperature in alpine and sub-alpine regions and both temperature and rainfall are contributing in temperate regions. The results revealing a strong relationship between grassland dynamics and climate variability put forth strong signals for drawing more scientific management of rangelands in the area.