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This work re-investigates the pollution haven hypothesis in the context of Pakistan for the time span 1975–2016 by employing a non-linear autoregressive distribution lag (NARDL) approach. The empirical findings validate an symmetric association between FDI inflow and emissions in both the short and long run. Further, agriculture has an insignifancant positive impact on emissions, while trade oppenness and population growth have significant negative impacts on emissions in both the short and long run. Morover, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita has significant positive, while GDP per capita squared has significant negative, effects on emissions in the short and long run, hence confirming the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Findings overall confirm the applicability of both the pollution haven and EKC hypotheses in Pakistan. The government should focus on FDI inflow, because the adoption of clean technologies by foreign firms to invest in Pakistan is crucial to curtailing emissions.

Climate change is a key global issue. The continuous increase in greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), from non-renewable energy sources, is the primary driver of climate change. This study sheds light on this issue by examining the historical CO2 emissions of Bangladesh's electricity sector from 1979 to 2018. This study applies the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) method to three distinct scenarios regarding future emissions. The results of the study are as follows: (1) the impact of government action, population, and substitution results show optimistic outcomes, while CO2 intensity and power intensity show negative impacts in lessening carbon emissions; (2) The emissions scenario analysis (ESa) from 1979 to 2040 estimates that the continued interaction of these activities with the population and with the coal industry, and predicts that proper deployment of renewable energy technologies can reduce CO2 emissions in Bangladesh; (3) The forecasted results of the analyses suggest that CO2 emissions will peak at 58.97 Mtoe by 2040, which can be reduced by renewable (i.e. solar, wind, biomass) and energy technologies in Bangladesh. Some relevant policy proposals are proffered based on some of the key findings of this study.

Study Question: Is it possible to establish a new in-vitro activation (IVA) protocol for infertility treatment?Summary Answer: A new IVA procedure is an efficient and easily performed approach for infertility treatment of patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).What Is Known Already: IVA of primordial follicles with or without stimulators has been developed to treat patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) successfully. However, the efficiency of the procedure is still very low. There is a requirement to optimize the protocol with increased efficiency for clinical application.Study Design, Size, Duration: Newborn mouse ovaries were used to establish a new 1-h IVA protocol with the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) stimulator phosphatidic acid (PA, 200 µM) and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) stimulator 740Y-P (250 µg/ml); a prospective observational cohort study in POI patients was performed on 15 POI patients and 3 poor ovarian response (POR) patients in three different centers of reproductive medicine in China.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: One-third of ovarian cortex was removed and processed into bigger strips (1 × 1 cm2, 1-2 mm thickness). Strips were then sutured back after treatment. The new approach only requires one laparoscopic surgery.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: Follicular activation and development increased in cultured mouse and human ovarian tissues after 1 h of stimulator treatment. Compared with tiny ovarian cortex pieces (1 × 1 mm2), large ovarian strips (1 × 1 cm2) showed the lowest apoptotic signals after incubation. We applied the orthotropic transplantation procedure with large strips in the clinic, and 9 of 15 POI patients showed at least one-wave follicular growth during the monitoring period. One patient was reported with one healthy delivery after natural conception and another patient with a healthy singleton delivery after IVF. All the contacted patients (n = 13) responded with no side effects on their health 2-4 years after IVA procedure.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: Further clinical trials with a large number of well-defined patients are required to compare different IVA protocols. A long-term follow-up system should be set up to monitor patient's health in the future cohort study.Wider Implications Of the Findings: By using stimulators, the findings in the study provide a more efficient IVA protocol for the treatment of patients with DOR. It requires only one laparoscopic surgery and thus minimizes patients' discomfort and costs. This strategy could be useful for patients diagnosed with POI and desire pregnancy as soon as possible after the operation.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1003703 and 2018YFC1004203); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81871221); Co-construction of Provincial Department (201601006). The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR2000030872. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]