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Our primary objective was to study objective and subjective outcomes of patients with urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) following Solyx™ at 3-year follow-up. Our secondary objective was to evaluate ultrasonographic tape and bladder neck position and mobility. Records of 88 women who received Solyx™ surgery between September 2015 and December 2017 were reviewed. Ultrasonographic sling evaluation was performed at 6 months and 3 years postoperatively. Primary outcomes were objective and subjective cure of stress incontinence, defined as no involuntary urine leakage during filling cystometry, 1-h pad test < 2 g and negative response to Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 Question 3. Subjective and objective cure rates at 3 years were 85.2% and 87.5%, respectively, with no complications reported. QOL improvements were maintained. Bladder neck position and mobility had no significant change between 6-month and 3-year follow-up. Tape position demonstrated significant shifts in the y-axis at both rest and Valsalva and in the x-axis at Valsalva between 6 months and 3 years; overall mobility was unchanged. Percentile of sling location remained unchanged at 60.1%, as did percentage of urethral kinking (67.9%) achieved. Risk factors for failure were bladder neck hypomobility postoperatively and no urethral kinking postoperatively. There was good sustained objective and subjective cure with improved QOL in women who underwent Solyx™ for USI at 3-year follow-up. Ultrasonographic evaluation showed a tape position shift upwards and backwards with unchanged tape and bladder neck mobility. Percentile of sling location and rates of dynamic kinking were maintained.

The objective was to identify incidence and risk factors of de novo urgency and detrusor overactivity (DO) following mid-urethral slings (MUS) in patients with urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) without urgency. A total of 688 women between January 2004 and July 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. De novo urgency was established with a positive response to question 2 on the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 questionnaire (UDI-6). Objective cure of USI is no involuntary urine leakage during filling cystometry and pad test 100 g (OR, 1.08; 1.15) were independent risk factors for de novo urgency and DO. Diabetes (OR, 1.32) was an independent predictor of de novo urgency. Cure is significantly reduced in women who report symptoms of de novo urgency or demonstrate DO after MUS at 1 year. Independent risk factors include age ≥ 66, increased bladder sensation, lower bladder capacity, lower maximum urethral closure pressure, greater pad loss, and diabetes.

Objective This study aims to assess the medium-term outcomes of UpholdTM-LITE system for treatment of advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods This is a retrospective case series of 53 months follow-up of 123 consecutive patients who underwent UpholdTM-LITE system. Objective outcome measure was the anatomical correction of prolapse with POP-Q ≤ Stage 1. Subjective outcome was patient’s feedback to questions 2 and 3 of POPDI-6. Secondary outcome measures the quality of life, presence of lower urinary tract symptoms and complications. Quality of life is assessed by validated questionnaires on UDI-6, IIQ-7, POPDI-6, and PISQ-12 at 1 and 3 years post-operatively. Results Objective outcome at 1 and 3 years was at 96.7% and 95.4% respectively. The subjective cure was 95.1% and 91.6%. Five-year cumulative cure rate maintained at 87.2%. Secondary outcomes observed improvement on UDI-6, IIQ-7, POPDI-6 and PISQ-12 postoperatively. Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) improved while De novo urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) increased slightly post surgically. Mesh erosion rate was 0.8%. Conclusion The UpholdTM-LITE system demonstrated good medium term anatomical correction of apical and anterior prolapse, with good subjective cure and improved quality of life. Whilst complication rate was low, a slight increased in De novo USI was observed.

Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LiESWT) is a new potential treatment for intractable interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), and this paper will evaluate its therapeutic effects on IC/BPS.This prospective clinical trial enrolled 30 women who have been diagnosed with IC/PBS to receive LiESWT treatment at an intensity of 0.25 mJ/mmThe primary outcome of questionnaires showed significant improvement of symptoms compared to baseline (W0), especially on ICSI(12.87 ± 3.44 before treatment and 7.87 ± 5.27 at F12, p 0.05). 3-day voiding diary also revealed significant decrease in daytime voiding frequency (15.57 ± 5.22 times before treatment and 10.70 ± 4.21 times at F1, p 0.05) and significant increase on average voiding volume (95.85 ± 35.30 mL before treatment and 161.27 ± 74.21 mL at F1, p 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in all parameters of the urodynamic study.LiESWT can mitigate pain and lower urinary tract symptoms and improve the quality of life in IC/PBS patients, but does not increase the maximal cystometric capacity.

Our primary objective was to study outcomes of patients with intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) following mid-urethral slings (MUS) at 1-year. Our secondary objective was to delineate factors affecting success in these patients. Six hundred eighty-eight patients who had MUS between January 2004 and April 2017 were reviewed retrospectively; 48 women were preoperatively diagnosed with ISD. All completed urodynamic studies and validated quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaires at baseline and 1 year. Primary outcomes were objective and subjective cure of stress incontinence, defined as no involuntary urine leakage during filling cystometry and 1-h pad test < 2 g and negative response to Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 Question 3. Ultrasound was performed to determine tape position, urethral mobility and kinking at 1 year. Women with ISD had significantly lower objective and subjective cure rates of 52.1% and 47.9%, respectively, compared to an overall of 88.2% and 85.9%. QOL scores significantly improved in those with successful surgeries. The sling type did not make a difference. Multivariate logistic regression identified reduced urethral mobility [OR 2.11 (1.24–3.75)], lower maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) [OR 1.61 (1.05–3.41)] and tape position [OR 3.12 (1.41–8.71)] to be associated with higher odds of failed slings for women with ISD. Although there are good overall success in women undergoing MUS, those with ISD have significantly lower cure rates at 1 year. Factors related to failure include reduced urethral mobility, low MUCP and relative tape position further away from the bladder neck. Optimal management of patients with ISD and reduced urethral mobility remains challenging.

Aims Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic pain syndrome that is characterized by suprapubic pain upon bladder filling. Bletilla striata, a well-known traditional Chinese herb with established efficacy in wound healing and anti-inflammation, was hypothesized to improve the symptoms of IC possibly though forming a physical barrier that could isolate the bladder tissue from irritants. This study was conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects of intravesical treatment with B. striata extract solution (BSES) on visceral pain and bladder function of rats with zymosan-induced IC. Methods Thirty female rats were randomly divided into control group, zymosan-induced cystitis rats treated with normal saline (Z + NS), and zymosan-induced cystitis rats treated with BSES (Z + BSES). All rats underwent evaluation for abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores to assess visceral hypersensitivity, cystometrography, and electromyogram (EMG) of both external urethral sphincter and bladder detrusor. Data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance. Results The Z + NS group had an increased visceral hypersensitivity as compared to control group. Rats treated with BSES (Z + BSES group) had decreased AWR scores and amplitude of bladder detrusor-EMG. Besides, BSES treatment improved overactive bladder with significant effects on the extend of micturition interval and increase of storage of urine. Conclusions Intravesical instillation of BSES can significantly alleviate zymosan-induced visceral hypersensitivity and bladder overactivity associated with IC. This study suggested that intravesical instillation with BSES might be a promising treatment for IC.

Study Objective To determine the objective and subjective outcomes of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery using a modified Surelift system (Neomedic International, Barcelona, Spain) and to evaluate surgical complications and postoperative impact on quality of life (QOL) and lower urinary tract symptoms. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary-care university hospital. Patients Patients with symptomatic anterior or apical POP stage III and above. Interventions All patients underwent pelvic reconstructive surgery with a modified Surelift transvaginal mesh kit. Measurements and Main Results Eighty-three women who underwent pelvic reconstructive surgery with a modified Surelift for symptomatic anterior or apical prolapse stage III and above from April 2018 to January 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. All completed a 72-hour voiding diary, urodynamic study, and multiple validated QOL questionnaires at baseline and at between 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Descriptive statistics were used for demographics and perioperative data. Paired-samples t test and the McNemar test were applied for comparison of pre- and postoperative continuous and categoric data, respectively. The primary outcomes were the objective cure of POP, defined as anterior and apical prolapse Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System ≤ stage I, and subjective cure on the basis of negative answers to Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory 6. The objective and subjective cure rates at 1 year were 97.6% and 92.8%, respectively. There were significant improvements in QOL scores postoperatively. Although bladder outlet obstruction improved, de novo urodynamic stress incontinence and stress urinary incontinence were increased at 18.9% and 21.6%, respectively, at 1-year follow-up. The mesh extrusion rate was 4.8%. Conclusion A modified Surelift has good objective and subjective cure rates at 1 year postoperatively with 4.8% mesh extrusion rate. There was significant improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms and QOL. De novo urodynamic stress incontinence at 6 months to 12 months was increased, but it was not sufficiently bothersome to warrant surgery.

The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) and detrusor overactivity (DO) in female patients who were referred for urodynamic study (UDS) because of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The secondary objective is to determine the subjective and objective differences between female OAB patients with and without DO.All female patients who underwent UDS for LUTS between June 2016 and September 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Personal history, medical history, physical examination, and validated questionnaires were collected. One-hour pad test and multichannel urodynamic study was performed. All statistical analyses were conducted by SAS 9.4. P-value0.05 was considered statistically significant.A total of 4184 female patients underwent UDS because of LUTS between June 2016 and September 2019; 1524 patients were analyzed for OAB or DO. The occurrence of OAB was 36.4%. The overall incidence of DO in OAB patients was 15.5%; 9.5% of all patients had DO findings on UDS, and 4.6% were incidental findings. There were significant differences among mean age, parity, ICIQ-UI SF, OABSS, POPDI-6, and all UDS parameters (except for maximal urethral pressure and pressure transmission ratio) between patients with and without DO. In patients with DO, there were no significant differences among age, parity, and BMI with or without OAB symptoms. However, there were significant differences among mean OABSS, ICIQ-UI SF, UDI-6, POPDI-6, IIQ-7, and pad test.Patients with DO are associated with older age, increased parity, greater urine leakage, and worse storage and micturition functions on UDS. Combinations of subjective and objective measurements are better predictive models for OAB patients.

The objective was to identify incidence and risk factors of de novo urgency and detrusor overactivity (DO) following mid-urethral slings (MUS) in patients with urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) without urgency.A total of 688 women between January 2004 and July 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. De novo urgency was established with a positive response to question 2 on the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 questionnaire (UDI-6). Objective cure of USI is no involuntary urine leakage during filling cystometry and pad test2 g. Subjective cure of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is defined as a negative response to question 3 on UDI-6. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for failure.Forty-four out of 688 women (6.4%) developed de novo urgency, with 16 out of 688 (2.3%) demonstrating de novo DO. Subjective cure for women with de novo urgency was significantly lower at 35 out of 44 (79.5%) compared with 556 out of 644 (86.3%) in those with no urgency (p0.001). Objective cure for women with de novo DO was significantly lower at 8 out of 16 (50%) compared with 599 out of 672 (89.1%) in those with detrusor stability (p0.001). Quality of life improved for all. Age ≥ 66 (OR, 1.23; 1.07), increased bladder sensation (OR, 4.18; 3.80), lower bladder capacity (OR, 5.28; 4.97), lower maximum urethral closure pressure (OR, 2.32; 5.20), and pad test100 g (OR, 1.08; 1.15) were independent risk factors for de novo urgency and DO. Diabetes (OR, 1.32) was an independent predictor of de novo urgency.Cure is significantly reduced in women who report symptoms of de novo urgency or demonstrate DO after MUS at 1 year. Independent risk factors include age ≥ 66, increased bladder sensation, lower bladder capacity, lower maximum urethral closure pressure, greater pad loss, and diabetes.

To determine the clinical outcomes of adding a tension-releasing suture (TRS) appendage for manipulation of over-tensioned single-incision slings (SIS) as a means to relieve postoperative voiding dysfunction. A retrospective observational study conducted from January 2010 to July 2017. The records of patients with urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) without needing concurrent procedures who underwent anti-incontinence surgery using MiniArc, Solyx, and Ajust with voiding dysfunction were collated and analyzed. The primary outcome measure was the recovery of normal post-void residual urine (PVR) after TRS manipulation. The secondary outcome measures were the pain intensity noted during manipulation (quantified by visual analog scale) and the continence rate [assessed by (1) objective cure: 1-h pad test weight

Our primary objective was to study outcomes of patients with intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) following mid-urethral slings (MUS) at 1-year. Our secondary objective was to delineate factors affecting success in these patients.Six hundred eighty-eight patients who had MUS between January 2004 and April 2017 were reviewed retrospectively; 48 women were preoperatively diagnosed with ISD. All completed urodynamic studies and validated quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaires at baseline and 1 year. Primary outcomes were objective and subjective cure of stress incontinence, defined as no involuntary urine leakage during filling cystometry and 1-h pad test2 g and negative response to Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 Question 3. Ultrasound was performed to determine tape position, urethral mobility and kinking at 1 year.Women with ISD had significantly lower objective and subjective cure rates of 52.1% and 47.9%, respectively, compared to an overall of 88.2% and 85.9%. QOL scores significantly improved in those with successful surgeries. The sling type did not make a difference. Multivariate logistic regression identified reduced urethral mobility [OR 2.11 (1.24-3.75)], lower maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) [OR 1.61 (1.05-3.41)] and tape position [OR 3.12 (1.41-8.71)] to be associated with higher odds of failed slings for women with ISD.Although there are good overall success in women undergoing MUS, those with ISD have significantly lower cure rates at 1 year. Factors related to failure include reduced urethral mobility, low MUCP and relative tape position further away from the bladder neck. Optimal management of patients with ISD and reduced urethral mobility remains challenging.

To determine the association of opening the paravesical space in relation to its occurrence of de novo SUI in an animal model. Thirty five female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups of 7 rats each: Control group, Sham groups(F, H), and Study groups(MF, MH). Groups labeled with “F” had the paravesical space opened, “H” had tissue dissection with no opening of the space, and “M” had mesh implanted inside the vaginal wall. Urodynamic studies, immunohistochemical analysis, and western blot were done at day 40. The mean weight and age of 35 rats were 302.1 ± 25.1 grams and 12.8 ± 1.2 weeks old. No significant differences were noted among the control, Sham F, Sham H, Study MF, and Study MH on the voiding pressure and voided volume. The Sham F and Study MF (opened paravesical space) groups had significantly lower values on leak point pressures (LPP) (p = 0.026; p

Our primary objective is to determine the presence of SUI at 6–12 months after surgery. The secondary objective is to determine the objective and subjective outcomes of POP. A retrospective study conducted between February 2015 and July 2016 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The subjects had had symptomatic anterior or apical prolapse with stage III or IV and undergone pelvic reconstructive surgery using Uphold™ LITE. Patients completed a 3-day voiding diary, urodynamic study, real-time ultrasonography and validated quality-of-life questionnaires at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Primary outcome was the absence of USI. Secondary outcomes included the objective cure rate of POP, ≤ stage 1 at the anterior/apical vaginal wall, and the subjective cure rate, negative feedback to POPDI-6. Ninety-five women were eligible. Six were excluded because of incomplete data. The postoperative de novo USI and SUI were 22.7 and 19.7%, respectively. There was significant improvement of USI in patients who had MUS insertion (93.8%) and bladder outlet obstruction (96.7%). The objective and subjective cure rate for prolapse was 95.5 and 94.3%, respectively. POP-Q measurements pre- and postoperatively were significantly improved at all points except for Gh and Pb. There was a significant difference in the distance between the bladder neck to the distal end of the mesh during straining both at both the postoperative 3rd month and 1 year. Uphold™ mesh has a 20% incidence of de novo USI with acceptable objective and subjective cure rates at 1 year postoperatively. The de novo USI rate was high but not bothersome enough to require surgery.

Aim To demonstrate the clinical and urodynamic outcomes of transobturator sling (TOT) with or without concomitant prolapse surgery for the treatment of urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). Methods We recruited 143 consecutive patients diagnosed with USI, who received outside-in TOT in a university hospital. Preoperative and postoperative examinations were implemented using structured urogynecological questionnaires, pelvic organ prolapse quantification examination and urodynamic testing. Patient demographics, surgical and urodynamic results were compared between TOT with and without concomitant prolapse surgery. Results The mean follow-up was 30.1 months (range 12-57). Postoperative stress urinary incontinence (SUI) occurred in 10 (7%) patients at 3 months and 10 (7%) patients at 12 months postoperatively. There was no significant difference in prevalence of postoperative SUI between groups of TOT only and TOT combined with pelvic surgery. Preoperative urodynamic results demonstrated that TOT only (n = 96) had a higher maximal flow rate and a lower residual urine amount when compared to TOT combined with pelvic surgery (n = 47). A significant decrease in maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) was found in 119 patients who received postoperative urodynamic examination. In comparison with preoperative urodynamic data, postoperative urodynamic results showed a significant decrease in MUCP in the TOT combined with prolapse surgery group, but no significant urodynamic changes in the group of TOT only. Conclusion Both TOT and TOT combined with prolapse surgery can be effective in correcting SUI in patients with USI 12 months postoperatively, with significant changes in MUCP.

Objective The study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and its impact on the quality of life during pregnancy and 12 months after delivery. Materials and methods 866 women delivering their newborns at a tertiary hospital were recruited. All women were asked to complete several questionnaires including demographic and obstetric data, Short Form 12 health survey (SF-12), Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form (UDI-6), and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form (IIQ-7). All women were interviewed via telephone to answer the same questionnaires at 12 months postpartum. Results There were 446 (51.5%) self-reported SUI women during pregnancy. Out of 560 women delivered vaginally, 70 (12.5%) had SUI at 12 months postpartum; in 306 women undergoing Cesarean delivery, 22 (7.2%) experienced SUI 12 months after delivery. Risk factors of SUI during pregnancy included body weight and body mass index at first visit. At 12 months postpartum, parity stood out as the risk factor of persistent SUI in vaginal delivery group, but no significant risk factor was found in Cesarean group. Women with SUI during pregnancy featured worse mental component summary (MCS) score of SF-12, compared to women without SUI. At 12 months postpartum, women with persistent SUI in vaginal delivery group had higher mean UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores than those without SUI. Conclusion Persistent SUI is more prevalent in the vaginal delivery group than Cesarean group. Both SUI during pregnancy and after childbirth have negative impact on the quality of life in women undergoing vaginal delivery.

Objective To investigate urinary and psychological symptoms in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) after intravesical hyaluronic acid (HA) treatment. Materials and methods Thirty patients with newly diagnosed with IC/BPS undergoing 4 weekly intravesical HA instillations followed by 5 monthly instillations were recruited. Pre-treatment evaluation included a urinalysis and urinary culture, a 3-day voiding diary, and cystoscopy with hydrodistention of the bladder. Questionnaires containing hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), O'Leary-Sant score, Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12), and a pain visual analog scale were completed before and after treatment. Thirty age-matched, asymptomatic women were recruited as controls for assessing HADS scores, and comparison of urinary and psychological symptoms in patients before and after HA treatment. Results The mean age (range 25–71 years old) and symptomatic duration (range 1–11 years) were 47 and 4.5, respectively. When compared with the control group, patients with IC/BPS had a significant increase in HADS depression subscale score and total score. Frequency, nocturia, bladder capacity, IC symptom and problem index scores, and pain score improved after 6 months of intravesical HA treatment. After HA treatment, 73% (n = 22) of patients showed improvement in their urological symptoms, but no significant changes were found in their HADS and PISQ-12 scores. Conclusions Bladder pain and lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with IC/BPS may improve after a 6-month intravesical HA treatment. However, no significant changes in their psychological and sexual functional scores were found.

AIM This study aims to identify the predictors for detrusor overactivity (DO) in women following extensive vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery (PRS) for advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS We enrolled 1503 women who had prolapse POP-Q stage ≥ 3 and underwent vaginal PRS with or without MUS from January 2006 to December 2015. All subjects completed a 72-h voiding diary, IIQ-7, UDI-6, POPDI-6, and PISQ-12. Urodynamics (UDS) was performed pre- and post-operatively. RESULTS Among 1503 women, 56 patients were excluded due to incomplete data. Women who had trans-vaginal mesh were 1083 of 1447 (74.8%) and concomitant MUS were 353 (24.4%). Pre-operative DO were 245 (16.9%) and 24.5% (60/245) of them continued to have persistent DO post-operatively. Women who had normal pre-operative stable detrusor were 1202 (83.1%) and 3.5% (30/1202) developed de novo DO post-operatively. The overall incidence of post-operative DO was 6.2% (90/1447). Patients with age ≥66 year, neurological factors like Cerebrovascular accident and Parkinsonian disease, pre-operative bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) ≥60 cmH2 O, Maximum flow rate (MFR)

Mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) is defined as symptomatic complaint of involuntary leakage associated with urgency and also with exertion, effort, sneezing or coughing. The paucity of research, especially on the surgical management of MUI, limits its best management. This is a retrospective study to determine the outcomes of mixed urinary incontinence after mid-urethral sling surgery with two groups, urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) with urgency and urodynamic mixed urinary incontinence (MUI-UD; USI and detrusor overactivity [DO]). Ninety women (USI + urgency group) with preoperative USI and urgency and no demonstrable DO/DOI attained an objective cure of 82.2%, whereas the remaining 67 (MUI-UD group) women with both USI and DO/DOI were reported to have an objective cure of only 55.2%. Subjective cures were 81.1% and 53.7% respectively. The type of incontinence surgery does not affect postoperative outcomes in either of the groups. Demographic factors identified to have a significant negative effect on cure rates were postmenopausal status (p = 0.005), prior hysterectomy (p = 0.028), pre-operative smaller blafdder capacity (p = 0.001), and a larger volume of pre-operative pad test (p = 0.028). A lower mid-urethral closure pressure (MUCP) was significant with post-operative failure of treatment with MUI-UD group (68.8 ± 36.2 cmH2O vs 51.9 ± 24.7 cmH2O; p = 0.033). Although there is evidence for a good cure of the stress component of MUI, urodynamic investigation with its findings prior to management of MUI could have greater implications for selective patient centered counseling. Presence of DO or DOI on urodynamics resulted in poorer objective and subjective outcomes.

Objective The aim of this study is to estimate the long-term survival and to identify adverse events associated with the use of Gellhorn pessaries over a 9-year period. Methods This was a retrospective case series study at a tertiary urogynecology unit in Taiwan. Between January 2009 and June 2017, 93 patients who opted for self-management Gellhorn pessaries to treat symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and who were continuously followed-up were enrolled. Long-term use was defined as use for longer than 1 year. Length of use, factors that predicted discontinuation, and adverse events were analyzed and reviewed by chart or telephone inquiry. Results The cumulative probabilities of continued pessary use at 1 and 5 years were 62.4% and 47.2%, respectively. Of those who discontinued use, 34 (70.8%) participants discontinued use within 1 year, and the mean duration of use was 13.7 months (range, 0-75 months; median, 5 months). Most of the participants stopped using the pessary because of bothersome adverse events such as pessary expulsion, vaginal pain, de novo urinary incontinence, and erosion/infection. Conclusions Self-management Gellhorn pessary was safe and relatively effective and increased patients' autonomy and ability to manage their POP. One third of the patients discontinued use by 1 year, and half of the patients discontinued use at 5 years.

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the contributing factors of persistent detrusor overactivity (DO) in women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) after transvaginal mesh (TVM) repair. Methods We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with DO and advanced POP who had undergone TVM in a tertiary hospital between 2010 and 2014. All patients received evaluations, including a structured urogynecological questionnaire, pelvic examination using the POP-Quantification System, scores of the Urogenital Distress Inventory and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire, and urodynamic testing before TVM repair and 6 months after surgery. Patient demographics, lower urinary tract symptoms, including urinary urgency, incontinence and frequency, and urodynamic findings were analyzed between women with and without persistent DO at 12 months after surgery. Results Of 326 patients with POP who underwent TVM repair, 63 with preoperative DO were included. Urinary urgency was present in 27 (42.9%), and urgency incontinence was present in 26 (41.3%) patients. Nineteen (30.2%) patients had persistent DO after surgery. Patients with persistent DO had lower preoperative maximal flow rate (MFR), higher preoperative detrusor pressure at maximum flow, higher postoperative residual urine volume and higher rates of concomitant sacrospinous ligament suspension compared to those without DO. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative MFR and concomitant sacrospinous ligament suspension were associated with persistent DO. Conclusion Twenty percent of women with advanced POP had DO, and most of these cases resolved after prolapse repair. For women with lower preoperative MFR and concomitant sacrospinous ligament suspension, preoperative counseling should consist of a discussion about persistent DO and relevant urinary symptoms following TVM repair.

Objective: To assess the clinical significance of low compliance bladder (LCB) in women with lower urinary tract symptoms. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 1490 women undergoing videourodynamic studies (VUSs) were reviewed. Comprehensive medical histories, physical examinations, bladder diaries, and results of multichannel VUS were analyzed. This study adopted an end filling detrusor pressure (EFP) greater than 20 cmH2O to define LCB. Results: Among the study patients (n = 1490), 9.1% were diagnosed with LCB using a cutoff value of 17.5 cmH2O, which had a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 92.7%, respectively. Results of multivariate analysis indicated that age (p = 0.005), maximum cystometric capacity (MCC; p = 0.002), detrusor overactivity (DO; p = 0.001), pelvic organ prolapse (POP; p = 0.018), recurrent urinary tract infection (p = 0.001), and radical abdominal hysterectomy (RAH; p

Our aim was to evaluate the clinical outcome of continent women with high-risk predictors for de novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI) offered prophylactic midurethral sling (MUS) insertion during vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery (PRS) for advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP). This was a prospective cohort study in patients with POP stage ≥ 3 and maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP)

To demonstrate the clinical and urodynamic outcomes of transobturator sling (TOT) with or without concomitant prolapse surgery for the treatment of urodynamic stress incontinence (USI).We recruited 143 consecutive patients diagnosed with USI, who received outside-in TOT in a university hospital. Preoperative and postoperative examinations were implemented using structured urogynecological questionnaires, pelvic organ prolapse quantification examination and urodynamic testing. Patient demographics, surgical and urodynamic results were compared between TOT with and without concomitant prolapse surgery.The mean follow-up was 30.1 months (range 12-57). Postoperative stress urinary incontinence (SUI) occurred in 10 (7%) patients at 3 months and 10 (7%) patients at 12 months postoperatively. There was no significant difference in prevalence of postoperative SUI between groups of TOT only and TOT combined with pelvic surgery. Preoperative urodynamic results demonstrated that TOT only (n = 96) had a higher maximal flow rate and a lower residual urine amount when compared to TOT combined with pelvic surgery (n = 47). A significant decrease in maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) was found in 119 patients who received postoperative urodynamic examination. In comparison with preoperative urodynamic data, postoperative urodynamic results showed a significant decrease in MUCP in the TOT combined with prolapse surgery group, but no significant urodynamic changes in the group of TOT only.Both TOT and TOT combined with prolapse surgery can be effective in correcting SUI in patients with USI 12 months postoperatively, with significant changes in MUCP.

Objective To investigate the effects of non-ablative laser treatment on overactive bladder (OAB) syndromes, stress urinary incontinence and sexual function in women with urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). Materials and methods Between April 2015 and June 2015, consecutive patients with USI with OAB syndromes underwent two sessions of Erbium:YAG laser treatment in a tertiary hospital. Patients received validated urological questionnaires, urodynamic studies, 1-h pad test and measurement of vaginal pressure before, one and three months after laser treatment. Questionnaires at 12 months were completed by telephone interview. Adverse effects and patients’ satisfaction were also assessed. Results We included 30 patients with a mean age of 52.6 ± 8.8 years. Three months after therapy, mean 1-h pad test significantly decreased (P = 0.039). Significant improvement in OAB symptoms in four questionnaires were noted at three months post treatment, but not sustained for 12 months in two of them. Three months after therapy, mean vaginal pressure significantly improved (P = 0.009). Of 24 (82.7%) sexually active patients, 62.5% (15/24) and 54.2% (13/24) of their sexual partners reported improved sexual gratification three months later. No major adverse effects were noticed. Conclusions Erbium:YAG laser treatment can resolve USI and coexistent OAB symptoms three months after therapy. Sexual experience is also improved. However, repeated laser therapy may be necessary after six months.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy, recurrence, complications and quality of life changes 3 years after Elevate-A/single incision mesh surgery anterior apical (SIM A) and sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSF) in the management of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Materials and methods A prospective cohort study, 139 women, underwent transvaginal surgery for anterior and/or apical POP > stage 2, 69 patients had SIM A and 70 patients had SSF. The objective cure was defined as POP ≤ stage 1 anterior, apical according to POP-Q. Subjective cure is patient's negative feedback to question 2 and 3 of pelvic organ prolapse distress inventory 6 (POPDI-6). Patient's satisfaction was reported using validated quality of life questionnaires. Multi-channel urodynamic study was used to report any voiding problems related to the prolapse surgery 6 months after surgery. Results 119 patients completed a minimum of 3 years follow-up. 89.8% is the overall prolapse correction success rate for SIM A and 73.3% for SSF group (p = 0.020), and 96.6% versus 73.4% at the anterior vaginal compartment respectively (p ≤ 0.001). Statistically significant difference was noticed in apical compartment with 98.3% with SIM A and 85.0% with SSF (p = 0.009). The subjective success rate, 86.4% in the SIM A and 70.0% in the SSF arm (p = 0.030) was significantly noted. Only, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory-6 (POPDI-6) showed significant improvement. Operation time and intra-operative blood loss tend to be more with SIM A. Conclusion SIM A has better 3 years objective and subjective cure rate than SSF in the anterior and/or apical compartment prolapse.

Uterine preservation in uterine prolapse is an option for young patients. We hypothesized that sacrospinous hysteropexy (SSH) with anchorage to both the anterior and posterior cervix (SSH-ap) would have a better outcome than SSH with anchorage to the posterior cervix only (SSH-p). This was a retrospective study including 75 patients who underwent SSH at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between March 2008 and August 2013. Five were excluded due to incomplete data. Of the remaining 70 patients, 35 underwent SSH-p between March 2008 and June 2011, and 35 underwent SSH-ap between June 2010 and August 2013. The primary outcome was the objective anatomical result, and a successful outcome was considered anatomical correction (POP-Q stage 1 or less) of anterior and apical prolapse. Subjective outcome was evaluated using the POPDI-6 questionnaire, and a patient response of “No or mild abdominal organ falling out sensation” together with “No or mild heaviness” was considered to indicate a successful outcome. Anterior fornix and cervical diameter measurements were included. The secondary outcome was quality of life according to the UDI-6, IIQ-7, POPDI-6, and PISQ-12 questionnaires. The 3-year outcome was used for comparison. The subjective overall cure rates were significantly different between the SSH-p and SSH-ap groups (74.3% and 94.3%, respectively; p = 0.023). However, the objective overall cure rates were not significantly different (74.3% and 82.9%, respectively). Anchorage of the anterior cervix and vaginal wall together with the usual posterior anchorage yield better subjective outcomes and apical suspension at 3 years after surgery than anchorage of the posterior cervix and vaginal wall only. The cervix position affected the subjective outcome. Concurrent trachelectomy did not affect the outcome.

Our aim is to study the inflammatory response towards the collagen-coated and non-coated polypropylene meshes in rats and the urodynamic investigation post-operatively. Forty-two female Sprague Dawley were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats; Control, Day 7 and 30 for Sham, Avaulta Plus (MPC), Perigee (MP). UDS were taken at days 7 and 30. Mesh with the vagina and bladder wall was removed and sent for immunohistochemical examination. Results showed intense inflammatory reaction on day 7 in the study groups which decreased on day 30. IL-1, TNF-α, MMP-2 and CD31 were observed to decrease from day 7 to day 30. NGF was almost normal on day 30 in all groups. UDS showed no difference in voiding pressure. Both Study and Sham groups had shorter voiding interval (VI) on day 7 but significantly lower in MPC. VI had significantly increased on day 30 in all groups. Voided volume was significantly lower in the mesh groups even when an increase was seen on day 30. In conclusion, the higher levels of IL-1, TNF-α and MMP-2 in collagen-coated polypropylene mesh imply greater inflammation than the non-coated polypropylene mesh. Mesh implantation can lead to shorter voiding interval and smaller bladder capacity.

The objective was to investigate the outcome of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in women with urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) after transobturator sling procedures (TOTs). We evaluated 109 consecutive patients with USI, who had undergone TOT in a tertiary hospital between 2012 and 2014. All patients received evaluations, including structured urogynecological questionnaires and pelvic organ prolapse quantification examination before, and 3 and 12 months after surgery. One-hour pad test and urodynamic testing were performed before and 3–6 months postoperatively. Patient demographics, lower urinary tract symptoms, and urodynamic results were analyzed between pure USI and USI with OAB symptoms. Persistent SUI occurred in 8 patients at 3 months (7.3 %) and 7 patients at 12 months (6.4 %) postoperatively. The most common OAB symptom was frequency (54.1 %), followed by urgency urinary incontinence (52.3 %), urinary urgency (42.2 %), and nocturia (33 %). Most of these OAB symptoms were resolved at the 3-month and 12-month follow-ups both in patients treated with TOT only and in those treated with TOT combined with other pelvic surgeries. There was no significant difference in the preoperative urodynamic changes between patients with pure USI and USI without OAB groups. However, postoperative urodynamic results showed a significant decrease in the maximal urethral closure pressure in the group of patients with USI and OAB symptoms, but no significant urodynamic changes in the group with pure USI. Coexistent OAB symptoms are common in women who were diagnosed with USI and most of these symptoms may resolve 3 and 12 months after TOT.

The objective of this study was to identify the predictors of postoperative voiding dysfunction in women following extensive vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery. We enrolled 1,425 women who had pelvic organ prolapse of POP-Q stage III or IV and had undergone vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery with or without transvaginal mesh insertion from January 2006 to December 2014. All subjects were required to complete a 72-h voiding diary, and the IIQ-7, UDI-6, POPDI-6 and PISQ-12 questionnaires. Urodynamic study was performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Of the 1,425 women, 54 were excluded due to incomplete data, and 1,017 of the remaining 1,371 (74.2 %) had transvaginal mesh surgery and 247 (18 %) had concurrent midurethral sling insertion. Of 380 women (27.7 %) with preoperative voiding dysfunction, 37 (9.7 %) continued to have voiding dysfunction postoperatively. Of the remaining 991 women (72.3 %) with normal preoperative voiding function, 11 (1.1 %) developed de novo voiding dysfunction postoperatively. The overall incidence of postoperative voiding dysfunction was 3.5 % (48/1,371). Those with concurrent midurethral sling insertion were at higher risk of developing voiding dysfunction postoperatively (OR 3.12, 95 % CI 1.79 – 5.46, p

The aim of this study was to investigate the contributing factors of persistent detrusor overactivity (DO) in women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) after transvaginal mesh (TVM) repair.We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with DO and advanced POP who had undergone TVM in a tertiary hospital between 2010 and 2014. All patients received evaluations, including a structured urogynecological questionnaire, pelvic examination using the POP-Quantification System, scores of the Urogenital Distress Inventory and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire, and urodynamic testing before TVM repair and 6 months after surgery. Patient demographics, lower urinary tract symptoms, including urinary urgency, incontinence and frequency, and urodynamic findings were analyzed between women with and without persistent DO at 12 months after surgery.Of 326 patients with POP who underwent TVM repair, 63 with preoperative DO were included. Urinary urgency was present in 27 (42.9%), and urgency incontinence was present in 26 (41.3%) patients. Nineteen (30.2%) patients had persistent DO after surgery. Patients with persistent DO had lower preoperative maximal flow rate (MFR), higher preoperative detrusor pressure at maximum flow, higher postoperative residual urine volume and higher rates of concomitant sacrospinous ligament suspension compared to those without DO. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative MFR and concomitant sacrospinous ligament suspension were associated with persistent DO.Twenty percent of women with advanced POP had DO, and most of these cases resolved after prolapse repair. For women with lower preoperative MFR and concomitant sacrospinous ligament suspension, preoperative counseling should consist of a discussion about persistent DO and relevant urinary symptoms following TVM repair.