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Wenkai Chen,1,2,* Wenping Lin,3,* Naichun Yu,1,2,* Linlin Zhang,1,2,* Zuoxing Wu,2 Yongjie Chen,1,2 Zongguang Li,1,2 Fengqing Gong,1,2 Na Li,2 Xiaohui Chen,4 Xu He,3 Yue Wu,5 Xiangchen Zeng,1,2 Yuting Yueh,1,2 Ren Xu,2,4,6,* Guangrong Ji1,2,* 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China; 2Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China; 6Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Guangrong Ji; Ren Xu, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2000, Xiang’an East Road, Xiang’an District, Xiamen, 361000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15710667257, Fax +86592-2889000, Email jiguangrong@xmu.edu.cn; xuren526@xmu.edu.cnPurpose: To investigate induction of cell death in Osteosarcoma (OS) using the anti-tuberculosis drug, rifampicin, loaded into exosomes.Patients and Methods: BMSC-exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and loaded ultrasonically with rifampicin. Nanoparticle exosome-rifampicin (E

Xuedong Li,1,2,* Xixi Lin,1,2,* Zuoxing Wu,3 Yuangang Su,1,2 Jiamin Liang,1,2 Runfeng Chen,1,2 Xue Yang,1,2 Lei Hou,4 Jinmin Zhao,1,5 Qian Liu,5 Feng Xu1,2,6 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Subject Planning Shanghai, Ninth People’s Hospital Shanghai, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Feng XuDepartment of Subject Planning Shanghai, Ninth People’s Hospital Shanghai, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail xufenghhou@163.comQian LiuResearch Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail luoboqian@hotmail.comIntroduction: Osteoporosis is an osteolytic bone condition characterized by decreased bone strength and increased bone fragility. It is the result of elevated formation or activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Although current therapeutic agents are efficacious against osteoclast-mediated bone loss, detrimental side effects preclude the long-term use of these agents. Pristimerin (PRI) is a naturally occurring quinone-methide triterpenoid that