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When stereoscopic videos are transmitted on the no-quality-assurance internet, frame delay occurs in the left and right views, which affect the stereoscopic sensation as well as the viewing quality. In this paper, the stimulus of motion-in-depth and motionin-lateral asynchronous stereoscopic videos were analyzed and they were compared via qualitative and quantitative assessments. In this quantitative experiments, the well-known electroencephalogram (EEG) was utilized. A total of ten subjects was recruited to participate in an experiment, in which they watched randomly presented asynchronous stereoscopic video clips. For the qualitative assessment, after viewing one clip, the subjects were asked whether they perceived any asynchronicity in the frames. The degrees of asynchronicity included no delay, one frame delay, two frame delay, and three frame delay. The electroencephalogram (EEG) signal of each subject was recorded as they viewed the clip. Next, the event-related potentials (ERPs) were extracted from the EEG signals and the behavioral data and the ERPs were analyzed to compare the different reactions to the depths and lateral extents of the asynchronous stereoscopic motion. The results reveal that the maximum allowable asynchronicity perceived for motion-in-depth stereoscopic video clips is one frame, whereas there must be no delay in the motion-in-lateral stereoscopic video clips. In addition, compared with being stimulated by the motion-in-lateral asynchronous stereoscopic video clips, a magnitude of P300 has a wider range when the subjects are stimulated by motion-in-depth asynchronous stereoscopic video clips. This indicates that the brain becomes more active in this circumstance. At the same time, the latency of P300 is longer than when stimulated by the motion-in-lateral asynchronous stereoscopic video clips, which means that when the subjects are stimulated by the same degree of asynchronicity of motion-in-depth and -in-lateral stereoscopic video clips, more time is required to process the stimulation of motion-in-depth stereoscopic video clips.

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become the preferred drugs for the treatment of chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of different TKIs as first-line treatments for CML using network meta-analysis (NMA), providing a basis for the precise clinical use of TKIs., Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Databases (VIP), SinoMed and ClinicalTrials.gov to include RCTs that compared the different TKIs as first line treatment for CML. The search timeline was from inception to 21 July 2023. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the frequentist NMA methods, the efficacy and safety of different TKIs were compared, including the rates of major molecular response (MMR), complete cytogenetic response (CCyR), all grade adverse events, grade 3 or higher hematologic adverse events and liver toxicity., Results: A total of 25 RCTs involving 6,823 patients with CML and 6 types of TKIs were included. In terms of efficacy, second-generation TKIs such as dasatinib, nilotinib, and radotinib showed certain advantages in improving patients' MMR and CCyR compared to imatinib. Additionally, imatinib 800 mg provided better MMRs and CCyRs than imatinib 400 mg. As far as safety was concerned, there was no significant difference in the incidence of all grade adverse events among the different TKIs. All TKIs can cause serious grade 3-4 hematologic adverse events, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Dasatinib more likely caused anemia, bosutinib thrombocytopenia, and imatinib neutropenia, whereas nilotinib and flumatinib might have better safety profiles in terms of severe hematologic adverse events. For liver toxicity, radotinib 400 mg and imatinib 800 mg, respectively, had the highest likelihood of ranking first in incidence rates of all grade ALT and AST elevation., Conclusions: In CML, second-generation TKIs are more clinically effective than imatinib even if this last drug has a relatively better safety profile. Thus, as each second-generation TKI has a distinct clinical efficacy and safety, and is associated with different economic factors, its choice should be dictated by the specific patient clinical conditions (patient's specific disease characteristics, comorbid conditions, potential drug interactions, as well as their adherence). Nevertheless, due to the limited number of original research, additional high-quality studies are needed to achieve any firm conclusion on which second-generation TKI is the best choice for that peculiar patient., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tcr-24-747/coif). Y.J.G., C.S., K.L.F., and T.L.M. are from Beijing Sentum Health Co., Ltd.; G.G. reports that he serves on the advisory board of SeaGen and Opna Bio. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapy drug, causes neuropathic pain, yet effective pharmacological treatments are lacking. Previously, we showed that tetrandrine (TET), with anti-inflammatory properties, reduces mechanical allodynia in nerve-injured mice. This study explores the effect of TET on oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia and gene changes in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice received oxaliplatin intraperitoneally to induce mechanical allodynia. Post-treatment with TET or vehicle, the mechanical withdrawal threshold (WMT) was assessed using von Frey filaments. TET alleviated oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia. RNA sequencing identified 365 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Control vs. Oxaliplatin group and 229 DEGs in the Oxaliplatin vs. TET group. Pearson correlation analysis of co-regulated DEGs and inflammation-related genes (IRGs) revealed 104 co-regulated inflammation-related genes (Co-IRGs) (|cor| > 0.8, P < 0.01). The top 30 genes in the PPI network were identified. Arg2, Cxcl12, H 2 -Q6, Kdr, and Nfkbia were highlighted based on ROC analysis. Subsequently, Arg2, Cxcl12, Kdr, and Nfkbia were further verified by qRCR. Immune infiltration analysis indicated increased follicular CD4 T cell infiltration in oxaliplatin-treated mice, reduced by TET. Molecular docking showed strong binding affinity between TET and proteins encoded by Arg2, Cxcl12, Kdr, and Nfkbia. In summary, TET may alleviate oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in clinical conditions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Wu, Liu, Chen and Zhai.)