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Metal–Organic Polymers (MOPs) have attracted growing attention for lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications due to their merits in orderly ionic transportation and robust structure stability in electrochemical reactions. However, they suffer from poor electronic conductivity. In this work, we apply first-principles density functional theory to explore the potential of three one-dimensional (1D) electrically conductive C6H2S4TM (TM = Fe, Co, and Ni) MOPs with the π–d conjugated coordination as anode materials for Li+ ions storage. Our theoretical results reveal that these 1D MOPs possess a superior theoretical capacity of over 748 mA h g−1. In particular, the 1D C6H2S4Ni MOP shows an exceptional theoretical specific capacity of 1110 mA h g−1 based on the three-electron transferring reaction, which significantly outperforms the traditional graphite-based anode material in LIBs. Moreover, the resonant charge transfer between Ni metal and ligand within the 1D C6H2S4Ni MOP reduces the diffusion energy barrier of the Li atoms when they migrate on the surface of the MOP. The ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity of the C6H2S4Ni MOP predicts that it can be a promising anode material for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclobutanes are popular structural units in bioactive compounds and versatile intermediates in synthetic chemistry, but their synthesis is challenging owing to high ring strain. In this study, a novel method for highly regio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of fluoroalkylcyclobutanes bearing vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereocenters is realized by a photocatalytic 4‐exo‐trig cyclization cascade of thioalkynes or trifluoromethylalkenes. Density functional theory calculations reveal that a unique fluorine effect, arising from hyperconjugative π→σ*C‐F interactions, accounts for the regio‐reversed radical addition at the sterically hindered alkene carbon, which facilitates an unprecedented 4‐exo‐trig ring closure. This chemistry enables the direct and controllable construction of medicinally valuable quaternary‐carbon‐containing cyclobutanes from readily available raw materials, nicely complementing the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic electrode materials (OEMs), valued for their sustainability and structural tunability, have been attracting increasing attention for wide application in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and other rechargeable batteries. However, most OEMs are plagued with insufficient specific capacity or poor cycling stability. Therefore, it′s imperative to enhance their specific capacity and cycling stability through molecular design. Herein, we designed and synthesized a heteroaromatic molecule 2,3,8,9,14,15‐hexanol hexaazatrinaphthalene (HATN‐6OH) by the synergetic coupling of catechol (the precursor of ortho‐quinone)/ortho‐quinone functional groups and HATN conjugated core structures. The abundance of catechol/ortho‐quinone and imine redox‐active moieties delivers a high specific capacity of nine‐electron transfer for SIBs. Most notably, the π–π interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bond forces among HATN‐6OH molecules secure the stable long‐term cycling performance of SIBs. Consequently, the as‐prepared HATN‐6OH electrode exhibited a high specific capacity (554 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent rate capability (202 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), and stable long‐term cycling performance (73 % after 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1) in SIBs. Additionally, the nine‐electron transfer mechanism is confirmed by systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculation, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), and Raman analysis. The achievement of the synergetic coupling of the redox‐active sites on OEMs could be an important key to the enhancement of SIBs and other metal‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic electrode materials (OEMs), valued for their sustainability and structural tunability, have been attracting increasing attention for wide application in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and other rechargeable batteries. However, most OEMs are plagued with insufficient specific capacity or poor cycling stability. Therefore, it′s imperative to enhance their specific capacity and cycling stability through molecular design. Herein, we designed and synthesized a heteroaromatic molecule 2,3,8,9,14,15‐hexanol hexaazatrinaphthalene (HATN‐6OH) by the synergetic coupling of catechol (the precursor of ortho‐quinone)/ortho‐quinone functional groups and HATN conjugated core structures. The abundance of catechol/ortho‐quinone and imine redox‐active moieties delivers a high specific capacity of nine‐electron transfer for SIBs. Most notably, the π–π interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bond forces among HATN‐6OH molecules secure the stable long‐term cycling performance of SIBs. Consequently, the as‐prepared HATN‐6OH electrode exhibited a high specific capacity (554 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent rate capability (202 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), and stable long‐term cycling performance (73 % after 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1) in SIBs. Additionally, the nine‐electron transfer mechanism is confirmed by systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculation, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), and Raman analysis. The achievement of the synergetic coupling of the redox‐active sites on OEMs could be an important key to the enhancement of SIBs and other metal‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify potential predictors by assessing adverse outcomes in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients. Eighty-nine untreated AAV patients were followed up to January 31, 2022, death, or loss of follow-up. Clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment, and progress were collected, and disease activity was evaluated via Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). We determined risk factors of high-risk events, defined as developing tumors, renal replacement therapy (RRT), and death. Patients and renal survivals were computed by the Kaplan–Meier curve analysis. Cox regression analysis was performed for assessing variables for predicting death. During 267 person-years follow-up, 46 patients occurred high-risk events, including 20 patients receiving RRT, 12 patients developing tumors, and 29 patients who died mostly from organ failure and infection. Decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P < 0.001) and complement 3 levels (P = 0.019) were associated with high-risk events. Patients with lower serum potassium tended to develop tumors (P = 0.033); with higher BVAS (HR = 1.290, 95%CI 1.075–1.549, P = 0.006) and lower eGFR (HR = 0.782, 95%CI 0.680–0.901, P = 0.001) were more likely to undergo RRT. Patients with cardio and renal involvement exhibited a lower frequency of renal survival and all-cause mortality. Through multivariate COX analysis, age (HR = 1.016, 95%CI 1.016–1.105, P = 0.006) and eGFR (HR = 0.982, 95%CI 0.968–0.997, P = 0.018) predicted death in AAV, separately. The BVAS and eGFR could be a great prognosticator for RRT, while age and eGFR can independently predict the death. Serum potassium level and immunoglobulins should be focused on their predictor value in development of cancer and renal outcomes in AAV patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: In this paper, we present a case of relieving severe itching caused by scabies with tofacitinib. We show that the tofacitinib can quickly alleviate the itching caused by scabies, and this case may indicate a new option for comprehensive treatment of scabies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochromic effect has been discovered in many materials with a wide range of applications from visible to infrared, such as smart windows, electronic displays, infrared camouflage, and color‐changeable tactile sensor. However, conventional electrochromic materials cannot meet the growing demand for electrochromic performance in terms of optical contrast, response time, durability, color diversity, and flexibility, which slows down developments in this area. This is mainly due to the limited number and variety of electrochromic materials. In strong contrast, nanoarchitectonics of 2D materials with atomically thin thickness, large lateral size, and diversified series can be an effective way to address these issues and improve the electrochromic performances. This review highlights the recent achievements of emerging 2D electrochromic materials, namely covalent organic frameworks, coordination nanosheets, and transition metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides (MXenes). The structures, electrochromic performances and their structure–performance relationship, and future challenges of these materials have been systematically explored. This review can pave a new avenue for the promotion of the nanoarchitectonic 2D materials for the up‐scaled practical electrochromic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary nodules evaluation is clinically crucial because they may be the early predictors of lung cancer. Except for CT screening and serum tumor biomarkers testing, genetic alteration analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology can also help to find cancer earlier. In this study, we report a case of multiple pulmonary nodules patient with EGFR R776H and FANCE R381H germline mutations. Her father, paternal aunt, and elder uncle harbored either one or both two mutations and were found with multiple pulmonary ground-glass or sub-solid nodules. Her 7-year-old daughter also inherited the same two mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excellent bifunctional oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and rapid mass transport capability are two important parameters of electrocatalysts for high‐performance rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs). Herein, an efficient atomic modulation and structure design to promote bifunctional activity and mass transport kinetics of an ORR/OER electrocatalyst are reported. Specifically, atomic Fe−N4 moieties are immobilized on premade hollow carbon fibers with encapsulated Ni nanoparticles (Fe‐N@Ni‐HCFs). Synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and spherical aberration‐corrected electron microscope analyses confirm the atomic distribution of the active sites and unique lung bubble‐like hollow architecture of the catalyst, while theoretical investigations reveal that the encapsulated Ni nanoparticles can induce electron distribution of the atomic Fe−N4 moieties to reduce reaction energy barriers. As a result, the prepared catalyst possesses enhanced bifunctional ORR/OER activity and well‐constructed gas–solid–liquid interfaces for improved mass transfer. These synergetic advantages endow the binder‐free Fe‐N@Ni‐HCFs electrode with the remarkable power density and cycling stability for ZABs, outperforming the commercial Pt/C+Ir/C benchmark. This exceptional performance suggests that the proposed strategy can be extended to the design and fabrication of electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Cyclohexanedodecol (CHD) could facilitate the Zn dendrite-free plating/stripping at a nanoscale. The CHD molecules could effectively modify the hydrated Zn(H2O)62+ structure in aqueous Zn ion batteries. The addition of CHD could establish robust protection layers on the Zn electrode surface. The CHD-modified electrolytes exhibit long-term cycling stability. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) can be one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices for being non-flammable, low-cost, and sustainable. However, the challenges of AZIBs, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation of zinc anode during charging and discharging processes, must be overcome to achieve high cycling performance and stability in practical applications. In this work, we utilize a dual-functional organic additive cyclohexanedodecol (CHD) to firstly establish [Zn(H2O)5(CHD)]2+ complex ion in an aqueous Zn electrolyte and secondly build a robust protection layer on the Zn surface to overcome these dilemmas. Systematic experiments and theoretical calculations are carried out to interpret the working mechanism of CHD. At a very low concentration of 0.1 mg mL−1 CHD, long-term reversible Zn plating/stripping could be achieved up to 2200 h at 2 mA cm−2, 1000 h at 5 mA cm−2, and 650 h at 10 mA cm−2 at the fixed capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. When matched with V2O5 cathode, the resultant AZIBs full cell with the CHD-modified electrolyte presents a high capacity of 175 mAh g−1 with the capacity retention of 92% after 2000 cycles under 2 A g−1. Such a performance could enable the commercialization of AZIBs for applications in grid energy storage and industrial energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagenetic fluids is one of the most important reservoir modifiers, their differences can result in various petrography, storage capacity, and geochemical characteristics, so clarifying the diagenetic fluids is vital for understanding dolostone origin. Dolomitization is an important genetic type of dolostone reservoir, the fluid properties differ in different dolomitization, which may lead to reservoir storage capacity changes. Therefore, the identification of dolomitization fluid properties is critical for deeply understanding of dolomitization process and predicting storage capacity. Two types of dolostone are developed in submember Ma55 of Majiagou Formation in northwestern Ordos Basin, with obviously different petrological characteristics and reservoir properties. On the basis of petrological studies such as core and casting thin section observation and cathodoluminescence analysis, the diagenetic fluid properties of these two dolostone are characterized by geochemical analytical methods such as major and trace element tests. The results show that Type-1 dolostone is mainly composed of micritic dolomite, showing micritic structure and algae-rich lamina structure, and accompanied by evaporite minerals and moldic pores. This type of dolostone has a various Mn content, weak to medium cathodoluminescence intensity, high contents of TiO2, Al2O3, K2O+Na2O, Li, and U, and lower content of TFe2O3. The type-2 dolostone is composed of fine-grained dolomite with obvious residual texture of primary limestone, clear brim, and cloudy center structure, accompanied by the existence of intergranular pores. Most of this kind of dolostone have medium-strong cathodoluminescence, higher TFe2O3 content and lower TiO2, Al2O3, K2O+Na2O, Li, and U contents. Moreover, both the two types of dolostone have similar Fe/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios, and a low and concentrated CaO content, whose composition is similar to that of stoichiometric dolomite. The comprehensive analysis shows that the diagenetic fluid of Type-1 dolostone is mainly a high salinity fluid existed in plaster and calcareous sediments in a near surface environment with low temperature. The diagenetic fluid of Type-2 dolostone may be a high salinity brine formed by evaporation and concentration of seawater with normal salinity. The research results will provide a significant theoretical basis for the evaluation of dolostone reservoir quality and the prediction of favorable areas of reservoir distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Prurigo nodularis is frequently difficult to manage with conventional therapy. Given the pathogenesis and refractory nature, we demonstrate a case in which inhibition of JAK–STAT signaling may significantly improve prurigo nodularis. Based on the results, we would like to draw a conclusion that abrocitinib as an inhibitor of Jak is a promising choice for the treatment of prurigo nodularis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochromic materials can tune the illumination and heat exchange of a building with the environment and thereby save energy in lighting, heating, and air conditioning in a cost‐effective way, which is vital in realizing carbon neutrality. 2D frameworks such as coordination nanosheets (CONASHs) that are widely explored for a wide range of applications in energy storage and conversion can be a cluster of novel electrochromic materials. In this work, a series of transition metal benzenehexathiol (TM‐BHT) CONASHs are theoretically investigated via first‐principles simulations. During ion intercalation and deintercalation in TM‐BHTs, changes in lattice structures, lithium diffusion barriers, atomic charges, bond strength, and electronic properties are explored in‐depth. The incurred changes are then correlated with critical electrochromic properties, including the transmittance adjustment ranges in the visible light, near‐infrared, solar spectrum, and mid‐infrared. Among the various TM‐BHT systems, Cu‐BHT and Ag‐BHT are the most promising broadband electrochromic materials for optical and thermal management in the wavelength range from visible to mid‐infrared. The theoretical guidance from this work paves a new path toward electrochromic applications of CONASHs that exploit the versatility of these 2D materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium–air batteries (LABs) have attracted tremendous attention since the proposal of the LAB concept in 1996 because LABs have a super high theoretical/practical specific energy and an infinite supply of redox-active materials, and are environment-friendly. However, due to the lack of critical electrode materials and a thorough understanding of the chemistry of LABs, the development of LABs entered a germination period before 2010, when LABs research mainly focused on the development of air cathodes and carbonate-based electrolytes. In the growing period, i.e., from 2010 to the present, the investigation focused more on systematic electrode design, fabrication, and modification, as well as the comprehensive selection of electrolyte components. Nevertheless, over the past 25 years, the development of LABs has been full of retrospective steps and breakthroughs. In this review, the evolution of LABs is illustrated along with the constantly emerging design, fabrication, modification, and optimization strategies. At the end, perspectives and strategies are put forward for the development of future LABs and even other metal–air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Janus electrospun fibers were designed based on all-natural materials. • Multifunctional Janus electrospun fibers were prepared by electrospinning. • Janus electrospun fibers prevent liquid penetration for 17 days. • Multibody dissipative particle dynamics elucidated liquid infiltration mechanism. The liquid barrier is a central component of functional liquid packaging materials and is crucial for encapsulating liquid food. To develop high-performance liquid packaging materials for the long-term storage of liquid food, a strong and stable liquid barrier and the simultaneous integration of diverse functionalities must be realized. In this study, inspired by mussel adhesion proteins, nanoparticles are synthesized through oxidative self-polymerization. Furthermore, electrostatic spinning is used for creating multifunctional electrospun fibers for liquid food packaging, which is inspired by the superhydrophobicity of lotus leaf surface and structures of red blood cells. A unique Janus structure with a thin hydrophilic layer and a thick hydrophobic layer prevents liquid food penetration for 12 (EHN/KN electrospun fibers) and 17 days (KN/EHN electrospun fibers). The liquid infiltration mechanism of Janus electrospun fibers is elucidated using the multibody dissipative particle dynamics method, emphasizing their efficacy in avoiding liquid penetration. Moreover, multifunctional KN/EHN electrospun fibers exhibit remarkable characteristics such as water resistance (water contact angle > 150°), UV-blocking (∼100 %), degradability (70 days in soil), biosafety (∼100 %), antioxidation (> 90 %), antimicrobial (∼100 %), grapes and meat freshness retention properties. Thus, this study provides insights into sustainable, high-performance liquid food packaging for enhanced preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibration analysis of vehicle-bridge coupled systems has received considerable attentions over the past two decades. This work is dedicated to the stochastic dynamic analysis of vehicle-bridge coupled systems with nonlinear Hertz wheel-rail contacts subjected to random track irregularities. An explicit time-domain method (ETDM) is proposed for efficient nonlinear dynamic analysis of vehicle-bridge coupled systems with a dimension-reduced iteration scheme focusing on the nonlinear wheel-rail contact forces. The high-efficient ETDM is further utilised to implement the numerous nonlinear dynamic analyses required in the Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS) for obtaining the response statistics of the vehicle-bridge coupled systems. A numerical example involving a single-wheel vehicle traversing a simply-supported beam with nonlinear Hertz wheel-rail contacts considering random track irregularities is presented to demonstrate the computational accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method, and an engineering application involving a four-wheel vehicle moving across the Egongyan suspension bridge is further analysed to indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method for large-scale engineering problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design strategies for the catalytic materials, including defect engineering, morphology engineering, and catalyst compositing, facilitate sulfur supercooling, fast charge transfer, thiosulfate generation, disulfide bond cleavage, tuneable Li 2 S growth, and Li 2 S decomposition enhancement, thereby addressing the challenges of the LSB in terms of high energy barrier and low conductivity of S 8 and Li 2 S, severe polysulfide shuttling and high polarization of Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S deposition. [Display omitted] Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are attractive candidates for post-lithium-ion battery technologies because of their ultrahigh theoretical energy density and low cost of active cathode materials. However, the commercialization of LSBs remains extremely challenging primarily due to poor cycling performance and safety concerns, which are inherently caused by low conductivity of S 8 and Li 2 S, severe polysulfide shuttling, and high polarization by solid Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S deposition. Catalytic materials could facilitate the large-scale practical application of LSBs by overcoming all these challenges. In this review, we investigate the sulfur species evolution in LSBs and explore the roles of catalytic materials in charge/discharge processes, highlighting the catalysis of solid S 8 to liquid polysulfides and solid Li 2 S 2 to Li 2 S. Furthermore, we offer systematic strategies from atomic to macro levels, including defect engineering, morphology engineering and catalyst compositing, to enhance catalysis efficiency in terms of sulfur supercooling, fast charge transfer, thiosulfate generation, disulfide bond cleavage, tuneable Li 2 S growth and Li 2 S decomposition enhancement. The design and availability of the proposed catalytic materials will further advance LSB technology from coin cells and pouch cells to the subsequent commercialization scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of pathogenesis associated with APOL1 polymorphisms and risk for non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully understood. Prior studies have minimized a causal role for the circulating APOL1 protein, thus efforts to understand kidney pathogenesis have focused on APOL1 expressed in renal cells. Of the kidney cells reported to express APOL1, the proximal tubule expression patterns are inconsistent in published reports, and whether APOL1 is synthesized by the proximal tubule or possibly APOL1 protein in the blood is filtered and reabsorbed by the proximal tubule remains unclear. Using both protein and mRNA in situ methods, the kidney expression pattern of APOL1 was examined in normal human and APOL1 bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice with and without proteinuria. APOL1 protein and mRNA was detected in podocytes and endothelial cells, but not in tubular epithelia. In the setting of proteinuria, plasma APOL1 protein did not appear to be filtered or reabsorbed by the proximal tubule. A side-by-side examination of commercial antibodies used in prior studies suggest the original reports of APOL1 in proximal tubules likely reflects antibody non-specificity. As such, APOL1 expression in podocytes and endothelia should remain the focus for mechanistic studies in the APOL1-mediated kidney diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity and its related complications pose an increasing threat to human health; however, targetable obesity‐related membrane receptors are not yet elucidated. Here, the membrane receptor CD146 is demonstrated to play an essential role in obesity. In particular, CD146 acts as a new adipose receptor for angiopoietin‐like protein 2 (ANGPTL2), which is thought to act on endothelial cells to activate adipose inflammation. ANGPTL2 binds to CD146 to activate cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), which then upregulates CD146 during adipogenesis and adipose inflammation. CD146 is present in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes, where it is mediated by its ligands ANGPTL2 and galectin‐1. In preadipocytes, CD146 ablation suppresses adipogenesis, whereas the loss of CD146 in mature adipocytes suppresses lipid accumulation and enhances energy expenditure. Moreover, anti‐CD146 antibodies inhibit obesity by disrupting the interactions between CD146 and its ligands. Together, these findings demonstrate that ANGPTL2 directly affects adipocytes via CD146 to promote obesity, suggesting that CD146 can be a potential target for treating obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel kind of solid‐state lithium electrolyte was fabricated by impregnating organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) into the pores of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The liquid‐like phase of confined N,N‐dimethylpyrrolidinium iodide (P1,1I) and the ordered nanochannels of COFs simultaneously stimulated the lithium ion conduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity and its related complications pose an increasing threat to human health; however, targetable obesity‐related membrane receptors are not yet elucidated. Here, the membrane receptor CD146 is demonstrated to play an essential role in obesity. In particular, CD146 acts as a new adipose receptor for angiopoietin‐like protein 2 (ANGPTL2), which is thought to act on endothelial cells to activate adipose inflammation. ANGPTL2 binds to CD146 to activate cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), which then upregulates CD146 during adipogenesis and adipose inflammation. CD146 is present in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes, where it is mediated by its ligands ANGPTL2 and galectin‐1. In preadipocytes, CD146 ablation suppresses adipogenesis, whereas the loss of CD146 in mature adipocytes suppresses lipid accumulation and enhances energy expenditure. Moreover, anti‐CD146 antibodies inhibit obesity by disrupting the interactions between CD146 and its ligands. Together, these findings demonstrate that ANGPTL2 directly affects adipocytes via CD146 to promote obesity, suggesting that CD146 can be a potential target for treating obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immoral behaviors make individuals abominate and punish transgressors. Inspired by the associations between the Val66Met polymorphism of brain‐derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene and emotional responses following negative events, we investigated whether this polymorphism was also associated moral emotions such as punishment and forgiveness following interpersonal transgression. To do so, we categorized 340 individuals according to the BDNF Val66Met and assessed moral emotions by using 12 hypothetic scenarios in different conditions of intention and interpersonal consequence. The results indicated that this polymorphism was significantly associated with moral aversion and punishment towards transgressors. Victims with the Val/Val genotype expressed less aversion and punishment than the Met carriers, regardless of intention and interpersonal consequence. Moreover, this polymorphism was associated with forgiveness. Victims with the Val/Val genotype expressed more forgiveness than the Met carriers. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of the BDNF Val66Met to moral emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CAR-like membrane protein (CLMP) is a tight junction-associated protein whose mutation is associated with congenital short bowel syndrome (CSBS), but its functions in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CLMP is rarely mutated but significantly decreased in CRC patients, and its deficiency accelerates CRC tumorigenesis, growth, and resistance to all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Mechanistically, CLMP recruits β-catenin to cell membrane, independent of cadherin proteins. CLMP-mediated β-catenin translocation inactivates Wnt(Wingless and INT-1)/β-catenin signaling, thereby suppressing CRC tumorigenesis and growth in Apc Min/+ , azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS), and orthotopic CRC mouse models. As a direct target of Wnt/β-catenin, cytochrome P450 hydroxylase A1 (CYP26A1)—an enzyme that degrades ATRA to a less bioactive retinoid—is upregulated by CLMP deficiency, resulting in ATRA-resistant CRC that can be reversed by administering CYP26A1 inhibitor. Collectively, our data identify the anti-CRC role of CLMP and suggest that CYP26A1 inhibitor enable to boost ATRA's therapeutic efficiency. [Display omitted] • CLMP is downregulated in CRC, and CLMP deficiency enhances colorectal carcinogenesis • CLMP inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling by recruiting β-catenin to the cell membrane • CLMP suppresses CYP26A1-mediated ATRA degradation • CYP26A1 inhibitor enhances the suppressive effect of ATRA on CRC treatment Wu and Zhang et al. identify that CAR-like membrane protein (CLMP) functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC. Mechanistically, CLMP recruits β-catenin to the cell membrane, thereby suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reducing the expression of CYP26A1, which degrades ATRA into less bioactive retinoid, consequently enhancing the response of CRC to ATRA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mutational spectrum and prognostic factors of NRAS-mutated (NRASmut) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are largely unknown. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 1,149 cases of de novo AML and discovered 152 NRASmut AML (13%). Of the 152 NRASmut AML, 89% had at least one companion mutated gene. DNA methylation-related genes confer up to 62% incidence. TET2 had the highest mutation frequency (51%), followed by ASXL1 (17%), NPM1 (14%), CEBPA (13%), DNMT3A (13%), FLT3-ITD (11%), KIT (11%), IDH2 (9%), RUNX1 (8%), U2AF1 (7%) and SF3B1(5%). Multivariate analysis suggested that age ≥ 60 years and mutations in U2AF1 were independent factors related to failure to achieve complete remission after induction therapy. Age ≥ 60 years, non-M3 types and U2AF1 mutations were independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival. Age ≥ 60 years, non-M3 types and higher risk group were independent prognostic factors for poor event-free survival (EFS) while allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was an independent prognostic factor for good EFS. Our study provided new insights into the mutational spectrum and prognostic factors of NRASmut AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as the root of tumor progression, thus representing an anti-cancer therapy through targeting this cell sub-population. Methods: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) CSCs were enriched by non-adherent spheroid formation analysis. Lentivirus infection was used to stably change gene expression. Cell cycle, EdU incorporation, cell apoptosis, cell viability, ALDH1 activity, spheroid formation and in vivo tumor initiation assays were performed to detect the effects of Cryptotanshinone (CT), a traditional Chinese herb medicine, on the stemness of NSCLC cells. RNA-sequencing combined qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were constructed to explore the underlying mechanism contributing to CT-mediated effects. Results: CT could attenuate the stemness of NSCLC CSCs, as evident by the reduced spheroid formation ability, stemness marker expression and ALDH1 activity. Additionally, CT provoked NSCLC CSCs entry into the cell cycle. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Hippo signaling pathway was highly enriched in NSCLC CSCs with CT treatment. Further experiments disclosed that CT decreased TAZ (a regulatory master of Hippo pathway) expression via promoting its nuclear-cytoplasm translocation in NSCLC CSCs. Also, overexpression of TAZ partially saved the attenuation of CT on the stemness of NSCLC CSCs. Notably, CT enhanced the sensitivity of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and chemotherapy in NSCLC CSCs. Conclusions: This work reveals that CT attenuates NSCLC CSC stemness, implying the possibility of CT as an adjuvant therapy for NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Bone regeneration is a complex process modulated by multiple growth factors and hormones during long regeneration period; thus, designing biomaterials with the capacity to deliver multiple bioactive molecules and obtain sustained release has gained an increasing popularity in recent years. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel core‐shell electrospun fibre loaded with dexamethasone (DEX) and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) on bone regeneration. Materials and methods: The core‐shell electrospun fibres were fabricated by coaxial electrospinning technology, which were composed of poly‐D, L‐lactide (PLA) shell and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) core embedded with BMP‐2 and DEX‐loaded micelles. Morphology, hydrophilicity, gradation, release profile of BMP‐2 and DEX, and cytological behaviour on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were characterized. Furthermore, the effect on bone regeneration was evaluated via critical‐sized calvarial defect model. Results: The electrospun fibres were featured by the core‐shell fibrous architecture and a suitable degradation rate. The sustained release of DEX and BMP‐2 was up to 562 hours. The osteogenic gene expression and calcium deposition of BMSCs were significantly enhanced, indicating the osteoinduction capacity of electrospun fibres. This core‐shell fibre could accelerate repair of calvarial defects in vivo via synergistic effect. Conclusions: This core‐shell electrospun fibre loaded with DEX and BMP‐2 can act synergistically to enhance bone regeneration, which stands as a strong potential candidate for repairing bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil emulsification is one of the major mechanisms for microbially enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Although air injection is generally recommended for field trials of MEOR in China, its influence on the microbial community structure in oil reservoirs remains poorly understood, especially activation of emulsifier-producing bacteria. Herein, the effects of air injection on oil emulsification, nutrient consumption, oil properties, and microbial community structures were compared for activated cultures under four different oxygen content conditions: anaerobic, facultative anaerobic, intermittent aeration, and aerobic. The results showed that crude oil in aerobic and intermittent aeration cultures was emulsified effectively when nutrients were thoroughly depleted. The particle diameter of emulsified droplets was 4.74-10.02 μm. High-throughput sequencing results showed that Bacillus and Aeribacillus were effectively activated under aerobic and intermittent aeration conditions, while Tepidimicrobium and Coprothermobacter were activated under facultative anaerobic and anaerobic conditions. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the initial emulsifying effect was positively correlated with the abundance of Aeribacillus pallidus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil emulsification is one of the major mechanisms for microbially enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Although air injection is generally recommended for field trials of MEOR in China, its influence on the microbial community structure in oil reservoirs remains poorly understood, especially activation of emulsifier-producing bacteria. Herein, the effects of air injection on oil emulsification, nutrient consumption, oil properties, and microbial community structures were compared for activated cultures under four different oxygen content conditions: anaerobic, facultative anaerobic, intermittent aeration, and aerobic. The results showed that crude oil in aerobic and intermittent aeration cultures was emulsified effectively when nutrients were thoroughly depleted. The particle diameter of emulsified droplets was 4.74-10.02 μm. High-throughput sequencing results showed that Bacillus and Aeribacillus were effectively activated under aerobic and intermittent aeration conditions, while Tepidimicrobium and Coprothermobacter were activated under facultative anaerobic and anaerobic conditions. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the initial emulsifying effect was positively correlated with the abundance of Aeribacillus pallidus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African polymorphisms in the gene for Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) confer a survival advantage against lethal trypanosomiasis but also an increased risk for several chronic kidney diseases (CKD) including HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). APOL1 is expressed in renal cells, however, the pathogenic events that lead to renal cell damage and kidney disease are not fully understood. The podocyte function of APOL1-G0 versus APOL1-G2 in the setting of a known disease stressor was assessed using transgenic mouse models. Transgene expression, survival, renal pathology and function, and podocyte density were assessed in an intercross of a mouse model of HIVAN (Tg26) with two mouse models that express either APOL1-G0 or APOL1-G2 in podocytes. Mice that expressed HIV genes developed heavy proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, and had significant losses in podocyte numbers and reductions in podocyte densities. Mice that co-expressed APOL1-G0 and HIV had preserved podocyte numbers and densities, with fewer morphologic manifestations typical of HIVAN pathology. Podocyte losses and pathology in mice co-expressing APOL1-G2 and HIV were not significantly different from mice expressing only HIV. Podocyte hypertrophy, a known compensatory event to stress, was increased in the mice co-expressing HIV and APOL1-G0, but absent in the mice co-expressing HIV and APOL1-G2. Mortality and renal function tests were not significantly different between groups. APOL1-G0 expressed in podocytes may have a protective function against podocyte loss or injury when exposed to an environmental stressor. This was absent with APOL1-G2 expression, suggesting APOL1-G2 may have lost this protective function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a microporous polybenzimidazole was designed and synthesised. By loading imidazole into its nanospace, we obtained proton conductivity of 2.4 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 130 °C under anhydrous conditions, which proves that the imidazole loaded porous polybenzimidazole is a superionic conductor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renal podocyte is central to the filtration function of the kidney that is dependent on maintaining both highly organized, branched cell structures forming foot processes, and a unique cell-cell junction, the slit diaphragm. Our recent studies investigating the developmental formation of the slit diaphragm identified a novel claudin family tetraspannin, TM4SF10, which is a binding partner for ADAP (also known as Fyn binding protein Fyb). To investigate the role of ADAP in podocyte function in relation to Fyn and TM4SF10, we examined ADAP knockout (KO) mice and podocytes. ADAP KO mice developed glomerular pathology that began as hyalinosis and progressed to glomerulosclerosis, with aged male animals developing low levels of albuminuria. Podocyte cell lines established from the KO mice had slower attachment kinetics compared to wild-type cells, although this did not affect the total number of attached cells nor the ability to form focal contacts. After attachment, the ADAP KO cells did not attain typical podocyte morphology, lacking the elaborate cell protrusions typical of wild-type podocytes, with the actin cytoskeleton forming circumferential stress fibers. The absence of ADAP did not alter Fyn levels nor were there differences between KO and wild-type podocytes in the reduction of Fyn activating phosphorylation events with puromycin aminonucleoside treatment. In the setting of endogenous TM4SF10 overexpression, the absence of ADAP altered the formation of cell-cell contacts containing TM4SF10. These studies suggest ADAP does not alter Fyn activity in podocytes, but appears to mediate downstream effects of Fyn controlled by TM4SF10 involving actin cytoskeleton organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MALAT1 is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA that has been found to promote the proliferation of many malignant cell types and non-malignant human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, the functions of MALAT1 in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and angiogenesis and the potential mechanisms responsible have not yet been investigated in any malignancy. Here, in situ hybridization and CD31/periodic acid-Schiff double staining of 150 gastric cancer (GC) clinical specimens revealed that MALAT1 expression was tightly associated with densities of VM and endothelial vessels. MALAT1 knockdown markedly reduced GC cell migration, invasion, tumorigenicity, metastasis, and VM, while restricting HUVEC angiogenesis and increasing vascular permeability. Moreover, MALAT1 was found to regulate expression of VE-cadherin, β-catenin, MMPs 2 and 9, MT1-MMP, p-ERK, p-FAK, and p-paxillin, which have been established as classical markers of VM and angiogenesis and components of associated signaling pathways. Consistent with this, the p-ERK inhibitors U0126 and PD98059 both effectively blocked GC cell VM. In conclusion, MALAT1 can promote tumorigenicity and metastasis in GC by facilitating VM and angiogenesis via the VE-cadherin/β-catenin complex and ERK/MMP and FAK/paxillin signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sparked by growing pollution issues, research aiming at a better harvesting of solar energy in photocatalysts for environmental remediation has been thriving. In this study, a novel mixed valence state of Co 2.67 S 4 nanoparticles with full-spectrum-responsive photocatalytic activity had been fabricated via a facile solvothermal route. The as-synthesized samples were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis-NIR diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV–vis-NIR DRS). The photocatalytic performance of as-obtained samples had been investigated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. The Co 2.67 S 4 nanoparticles with the particle size of 5–20 nm could degrade MB with the efficiency of 64%, 84% and 68% under the UV light, visible light and near-infrared light exposure, respectively. Furthermore, a possible photocatalytic mechanism toward the near-infrared region had been proposed to be that the Co 2+ /Co 3+ redox couple played vital parts in the photocatalytic activity of Co 2.67 S 4 . This study provides a novel full solar spectrum-responsive photocatalyst for solar-light utility and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MiRNA-binding-site single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway genes may change DNA repair capacity and affect susceptibility to cancer though complex gene-gene and gene-reproductive factors interactions. However, these SNPs associated with breast cancer (BC) are still unclear in Chinese women. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate the genetic susceptibility of the five miRNA-binding-site SNPs in HRR pathway genes ( MRE11A rs2155209, NBS1 rs2735383, RAD51 rs963917 and rs963918 and RAD52 rs7963551) in the development of BC. MRE11A rs2155209 and RAD52 rs7963551 were found to be associated with BC risk (OR: 1.87; 95 % CI: 1.23-2.86 and OR: 0.36; 95 % CI: 0.24-0.58). NBS1 rs2735383, RAD51 rs963917 and rs963918 were associated with BC risk after stratification according to reproductive factors. Haplotypes of CA decreased the risk of BC (OR: 0.53; 95 % CI: 0.4-0.68), while the TA and TG haplotypes could increase the risk of BC (OR: 1.28; 95 % CI: 1.05-1.57 and OR: 1.31; 95 % CI: 1.09-1.62). Combined effect of risk alleles showed that the five SNPs were associated with increased BC risk in a dose-dependent manner ( P = 0.003). The GC genotype of rs2735383, AG + GG genotype of rs963918 and AC + CC genotype of rs7963551 were associated with PR positivity of BC patients. These findings suggest that the miRNA-binding-site SNPs involved in HRR pathway genes may affect susceptibility of BC in Chinese women; moreover, the interactions of gene-gene and gene-reproductive factors play vital roles in the progression of BC. Further functional studies with larger sample are needed to support and validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1), a newly identified oncogene, has been associated with poor survival of cancer patients by multiple studies. However, the prognostic value of MACC1 in digestive system neoplasms needs systematic evidence to verify. Therefore, we aimed to provide further evidence on this topic by systematic review and meta-analysis. Literature search was conducted in multiple databases and eligible studies analyzing survival data and MACC1 expression were included for meta-analysis. Hazard ratio (HR) for clinical outcome was chosen as an effect measure of interest. According to our inclusion criteria, 18 studies with a total of 2,948 patients were identified. Pooled HRs indicated that high MACC1 expression significantly correlates with poorer OS in patients with digestive system neoplasms (HR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.49–2.53) as well as poorer relapse-free survival (HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.33–2.82). The results of subgroup studies categorized by methodology, anatomic structure, and cancer subtype for pooled OS were all consistent with the overall pooled HR for OS as well. No publication bias was detected according to test of funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s test. In conclusion, high MACC1 expression may serve as a prognostic biomarker to guide individualized management in clinical practice for digestive system neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tight carbonate reservoir was controlled by various geological factors, and such factors played different roles in buried depths and formations. Therefore, studies related to the factors controlling carbonate reservoir distribution are of great significance for the prediction and evaluation of high-quality dolostone reservoirs. In this paper, we focus on the controlling factor of the submember Ma55 dolostone reservoir in the western Ordos Basin. The main rock types, reservoir pores, physical properties, and pore structure characteristics of the reservoir were analyzed by thin section identification, physical property analysis, and mercury injection, respectively. Then, the main controlling factors of reservoir development were comprehensively analyzed from the perspectives of palaeostructure, lithofacies palaeogeography, diagenesis, and diagenetic facies. The results show that two kinds of dolostone reservoirs in the submember Ma55 developed in the western Ordos Basin, including intercrystalline pore-type and dissolution pore-type. The former reservoir is primarily characterized by powder-fine dolostone with residual structure, dolomite intercrystalline pore, and micropore with porosity ranging from 2% to 11%. There are three types of pore structures developed in it, such as macropore-medium throat-single peak (MAMS), macropore-fine throat-single peak (MAFS), and medium pore-fine throat-single peak (MEFS). The latter reservoir is mainly featured by powdery crystalline dolostone with gypsum and halite dissolution, moldic pore, and dissolved pore between breccias with a porosity greater than 5%. It consists of two types of pore structures, such as macropore-fine throat-single peak (MAFS) and medium pore-coarse throat-multipeak (MECM). The intercrystalline pore-type dolostone reservoir is mainly controlled by the lithofacies palaeogeographic environment and diagenesis. In specific, the shoal microfacies at the edge of the platform and the active reflux seepage dolomitization are the basic sedimentary environment conditions for reservoir formation and the key to reservoir formation, respectively. The dissolution pore-type dolostone reservoir is primarily influenced by both paleostructure and diagenesis. The relatively high part of the paleostructure provides favorable conditions for the formation of evaporate minerals, and early freshwater dissolution is the key to reservoir formation. This research will provide a theoretical basis for forecasting the favorable distribution areas of different types of dolostone reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 is prepared via ball-milling assisted solid-state reaction with titanyl sulfate and LiOH as precursors. Different from previous reports, the solid-state reaction route generates mesopores in Li4Ti5O12 by removing the impurities after the high-temperature synthesis process. This technique ensures the formation of well-defined mesoporous structure and ultrafine nanoparticles with the size of around 8 nm. The as-prepared sample shows good rate and cycle performance. At the current density of 1750 mA g−1 (10 C), high initial discharge capacity of 174.5 mAh g−1 can be obtained, which can be retained at 143.4 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. This facile ball-milling assisted solid-state reaction could be a practical way for the mass synthesis of mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 as high-performance anodes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: To identify primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients with arthralgia at risk for osteoarthritis (OA) or arthritis. Methods: This study included 368 pSS patients admitted to a mono-centric from March 2010 to December 2020. Patients were divided into groups according to whether complicated with OA or arthritis. Data were analyzed to determine the differences in demographical characteristics, symptoms, and laboratory examination. Results: The involvement of the OA joints was predominately knee and spine sites (including cervical and lumbar spine degeneration). When diagnosing arthritis, it was mainly peripheral symmetric polyarthritis, the most affected sites were the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints. There were significant differences in age, disease duration, uric acid (UA), and total cholesterol (TC) between pSS-OA and pSS-nOA patients (P < 0.050). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 1.965; P = 0.009) and joint pain (OR = 3.382; P < 0.001) were dangerous factors associated with OA. Interestingly, although the level of UA, TC, and triglycerides (TG) was shown to be positive with OA, there was no statistical significance after the OR was computed in the four-cell table. In pSS-arthritis, EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) (P = 0.011), the frequency of joint pain (P < 0.001), and muscular involvement (P = 0.037) were higher than non-arthritis group. In pSS patients only presenting with joint pain, arthritis patients had higher ESSDAI and system involvements, but lower UA and TG levels compared with OA group (P < 0.050). Conclusion: In pSS patients with arthralgia, OA accounted for the majority. pSS patients with advanced age and more pronounced metabolic characteristics, such as elevated blood lipids and uric acid, was a key factor in groups at risk for OA. However, arthritis patients had higher rates of dry mouth and eye, higher disease activity, antibodies positive, and more organs damage. In the future, it may be necessary to be more cautious in the diagnosis of joint manifestations in pSS patients in order to make the appropriate treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Not only high efficiency but also high selectivity of the electrocatalysts is crucial for high‐performance, low‐cost, and sustainable energy storage applications. Herein, we systematically investigate the edge effect of carbon‐supported single‐atom catalysts (SACs) on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathways (two‐electron (2 e−) or four‐electron (4 e−)) and conclude that the 2 e−‐ORR proceeding over the edge‐hosted atomic Co−N4 sites is more favorable than the basal‐plane‐hosted ones. As such, we have successfully synthesized and tuned Co‐SACs with different edge‐to‐bulk ratios. The as‐prepared edge‐rich Co−N/HPC catalyst exhibits excellent 2 e−‐ORR performance with a remarkable selectivity of ≈95 % in a wide potential range. Furthermore, we also find that oxygen functional groups could saturate the graphitic carbon edges under the ORR operation and further promote electrocatalytic performance. These findings on the structure–property relationship in SACs offer a promising direction for large‐scale and low‐cost electrochemical H2O2 production via the 2 e−‐ORR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Not only high efficiency but also high selectivity of the electrocatalysts is crucial for high‐performance, low‐cost, and sustainable energy storage applications. Herein, we systematically investigate the edge effect of carbon‐supported single‐atom catalysts (SACs) on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathways (two‐electron (2 e−) or four‐electron (4 e−)) and conclude that the 2 e−‐ORR proceeding over the edge‐hosted atomic Co−N4 sites is more favorable than the basal‐plane‐hosted ones. As such, we have successfully synthesized and tuned Co‐SACs with different edge‐to‐bulk ratios. The as‐prepared edge‐rich Co−N/HPC catalyst exhibits excellent 2 e−‐ORR performance with a remarkable selectivity of ≈95 % in a wide potential range. Furthermore, we also find that oxygen functional groups could saturate the graphitic carbon edges under the ORR operation and further promote electrocatalytic performance. These findings on the structure–property relationship in SACs offer a promising direction for large‐scale and low‐cost electrochemical H2O2 production via the 2 e−‐ORR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Filamin plays an important role in actin cytoskeleton organization, membrane stabilization, and anchoring of transmembrane proteins. Using short interfering RNA (siRNA) to selectively target the filamin A gene and silence its expression, we studied the role of filamin A in G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Silencing of filamin A protein expression was determined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Functional consequences of filamin A gene silencing were measured by studying its role in MAPK signaling pathways activated by the Ca2+-sensing receptor. This work defines filamin A involvement in GPCR signaling pathways and describes an additional method for studying its function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Daylily flower buds are a good source of nutrients and contain lots of bioactive compounds, but they are subject to deterioration after harvest, which limits the taste and consumer satisfaction. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has been regarded as an important gaseous signaling molecule, which could prolong postharvest freshness of fruits and vegetables. The present study aims to investigate the effects of H 2 S on postharvest quality and metabolism changes of daylily flower buds during storage. The results showed that 3.2 mM NaHS (H 2 S donor) effectively inhibited weight loss, blooming and decay of daylily during storage. H 2 S application markedly reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde and H 2 O 2. H 2 S treatment also delayed the loss of total protein and antioxidant glutathione, and maintained the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase at higher level compared to control group. Widely targeted metabolomics identified various differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) during storage and with H 2 S treatment of daylily. These DAMs largely distributed in the classes of amino acids, organic acids, sugars and alcohols, terpenoids. A special focus was given to 303 common DAMs between the comparison of CK0 vs. CK6 and CK6 vs. T6, of which the DAMs were mainly enriched in the KEGG pathways of monobactam biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Four DAMs including Cytidine 5′-Monophosphate, Fumaric Acid, Hydroxypyruvic Acid, 2′-Deoxycytidine-5′-Monophosphoric Acid exhibited great downregulation during storage, and H 2 S treatment dramatically recovered their relative contents. This study indicated that H 2 S treatment offers the potential to preserve the quality of daylily flower buds and extend their postharvest life. • H 2 S served as an antioxidant signal molecule, which maintained the redox balance during daylily storage. • The widely targeted metabolomics was firstly used to analyze metabolites changes with H 2 S treatment in postharvest daylily. • The metabolomic profiling revealed extensive metabolic reprogramming during daylily storage. • The study offered values for complex interplay between metabolites and postharvest quality in daylily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The experimental materials were a 60-year-old tea tree (Camellia sinensis cv. Shu Cha Zao; SCZ) (the mother plant) and 1-year-old and 20-year-old plants of SCZ that originated as mother plant cuttings. The aim of this study was to use high-throughput sequencing to study the spatial and dynamic distribution of endophytic fungi in different leaf niches (upper leaves, middle leaves, lower leaves) and rhizosphere soil on tea plants of different ages in the same garden. Results: Ascomycota (83.77%), Basidiomycota (11.71%), and Zygomycota (3.45%) were the dominant fungal phyla in all samples. Cladosporium (12.73%), Zymoseptoria (9.18%), and Strelitziana (13.11%) were the dominant genera in the leaf. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that endophytic communities in leaves differed from those in rhizosphere soil and different leaf niches had similar fungal diversity. Shannon's indices and NMDS analysis indicated significant differences in fungal diversity and composition among the SCZ trees of different ages (p ≤ 0.01). The abundance of Cladosporium and Zymoseptoria decreased with increasing SCZ age, whereas the abundance of Strelitziana increased. Conclusions: The results illustrate variation in endophytic fungi among different niches on tea plants of different ages. The distribution of endophytic fungi in leaves of C. sinensis shows spatiotemporal variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Increased senescence in SH-SY5Y cells lacking CSA or CSB. • Developmental abnormalities in zebrafish lacking CSB following exposure to UV. • Release of crystallin protein aggregates by loss of CSA. • Opposite effects on SH-SY5Y differentiation by depletion of CSA or CSB. Mutations in the CSA and CSB genes are causative of Cockayne syndrome neurological disorder. Since the identification of indispensable functions of these two proteins in transcription-coupled repair and restoring RNA synthesis following DNA damage, the paradoxical less severe clinical symptoms reported in some CS-A patients have been puzzling. In this study we compared the effects of a CSA or a CSB defect at the levels of the cell and the intact organism. We showed that CSA-deficient zebrafish embryos exhibited modest hypersensitive to UV damage than CSB depletion. We found that loss of CSA can effectively release aggregation of mutant crystallin proteins in vitro. We described the opposite effect of CSA and CSB on neuritogenesis and elucidated the differentiated gene expression pathways regulated by these two proteins. Our data demonstrate convergent and divergent roles for CSA and CSB in DNA repair and transcription regulation and provide potential explanations for the observed differences between CS-A and CS-B patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum–air batteries (AABs), known for their high energy density, environmental friendliness, and cost‐effectiveness, show immense promise in the realm of energy conversion applications. Nonetheless, their commercialization has encountered inherent challenges of Al anode corrosion and material degradation. In this study, economical hybrid electrolyte additives to inhibit the Al corrosion are developed, safeguarding the integrity of the Al anode. Due to the synergistic interplay between the organic compound dithiothreitol, and inorganic compounds zinc chloride, a robust zinc film is formed on the Al surface This Zn film plays a pivotal role in quelling parasitic hydrogen evolution reactions that typically can plague the Al electrode. Consequently, the as‐prepared hybrid additive culminates in a remarkable enhancement to AABs, delivering exceptional discharge capacity of 1793.37 mAh g−1, high energy density of 2047 Wh kg−1, and excellent battery longevity (over 20 h in on/off cycling tests). This study, therefore, introduces a novel approach in utilizing hybrid electrolyte additives to effectively counteract corrosion‐related challenges and boost the stability and performance of AABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polybenzimidazoles are engineering plastics with superb thermal stability and this specificity has sparked a wide‐ranging research to explore proton‐conducting materials. Nevertheless, such materials encounter challenging issues owing to phosphoric acid proton carrier leakage and slow proton transport. We report a strategy for designing porous polybenzimidazole frameworks to address these key fundamental issues. The built‐in channels are designed to be one‐dimensionally extended, unidirectionally aligned, and fully occupied by neat phosphoric acid, while the benzimidazole walls trigger multipoint, multichain, and multitype interactions to spatially confine a phosphoric acid network in pores and facilitate proton conduction via deprotonation. The materials exhibit ultrafast and stable proton conduction for low proton carrier content and activation energy—a set of features highly desired for proton transport. Our results offer a design strategy for the fabrication of porous polybenzimidazoles for use in energy conversion applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polybenzimidazoles are engineering plastics with superb thermal stability and this specificity has sparked a wide‐ranging research to explore proton‐conducting materials. Nevertheless, such materials encounter challenging issues owing to phosphoric acid proton carrier leakage and slow proton transport. We report a strategy for designing porous polybenzimidazole frameworks to address these key fundamental issues. The built‐in channels are designed to be one‐dimensionally extended, unidirectionally aligned, and fully occupied by neat phosphoric acid, while the benzimidazole walls trigger multipoint, multichain, and multitype interactions to spatially confine a phosphoric acid network in pores and facilitate proton conduction via deprotonation. The materials exhibit ultrafast and stable proton conduction for low proton carrier content and activation energy—a set of features highly desired for proton transport. Our results offer a design strategy for the fabrication of porous polybenzimidazoles for use in energy conversion applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have recently attracted tremendous interest for being low‐cost, environmentally benign, and high energy density. However, the large‐scale practical application of ZIBs is hampered by well‐known undesirable dendrite growth and serious side reactions of the Zn anode during the long‐term cycling process. Herein, a multifunctional water‐glass artificial protection layer with enormous Si─O functional groups is constructed on Zn anode through a simple spin‐coating method. The theoretical and experimental investigation suggests that the as‐constructed interface with rich Si─O hydrophilic functional groups on Zn anode could facilitate the even distribution of electric field distribution and homogeneous wettability, navigate uniform zinc deposition/stripping along the (002) plane, and subsequently lead to well‐suppressed dendrite growth and effective prohibition of oxygen‐involved corrosion. Consequently, the water glass‐modified anode achieves highly reversible Zn plating/stripping over 1500 h at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2 in symmetrical cells, and a high capacity retention ratio of 79.4% at the current density of 5 A g−1 in full cells paired with V2O5 cathode. This proposed water glass coating layer design is cheap, up‐scalable, and facile, which could substantially accelerate the rapid commercialization of zinc anodes and unleash the full potential of renewable ZIBs for next‐generation large‐scale energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]