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Background: Regular physical activity is an effective means to enhance university students' subjective well-being. However, current research needs to understand how physical activity enhances the subjective well-being of Chinese university students. Therefore, the study investigated the mechanism of physical activity's impact on university students' subjective well-being and the mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and resilience in this mechanism. Methods: The physical activity scale, subjective well-being scale, cognitive reappraisal scale and resilience scale were used to investigate 1350 university students, and the relationship between physical activity, cognitive reappraisal, resilience and university students' subjective well-being was verified through correlation analysis, regression analysis and a Bootstrap method. Results: (1) There is a significant positive correlation between physical activity, cognitive reappraisal, resilience and university students' subjective well-being (p < 0.01); (2) physical activity, cognitive reappraisal and resilience all have a significant positive effects on university students' subjective well-being (p < 0.01); (3) cognitive reappraisal and resilience have significant mediating roles in the process of physical activity affecting university students' well-being, with mediating-effect values of 0.052 and 0.285; (4) the chain-mediating role of cognitive reappraisal and resilience in the process of physical activity affecting university students' well-being is significant, with the chain-mediating effect value of 0.062. Conclusion: Promoting university students' participation in physical activity not only directly enhances university students' subjective well-being but also indirectly improves university students' subjective well-being through cognitive reappraisal and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Conceptual physical education (CPE) classes have been widely offered to promote a healthy lifestyle in higher education settings. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of a CPE course on health-related fitness (HRF) levels among college freshmen. Design/methodology/approach: A pre- and post-test research design was used. In total, 50 freshmen in a US university were enrolled in a 13-week CPE course. Their HRF levels were assessed by the Fitnessgram at the beginning and the end of the course. Findings: Students significantly enhanced their aerobic capacity, upper-body muscle strength and endurance, abdominal muscle strength and endurance, and decreased body fat percentage. No significant improvement in flexibility was found among the total sample. However, non-kinesiology students significantly enhanced their flexibility while the opposite trend was found among kinesiology students. Female students reduced more body fat percentage, while male students increased their aerobic capacity more rapidly than their female counterparts. Practical implications: The CPE course could yield significant improvement in HRF among freshmen, regardless of sex or major. Universities may consider offering CPE courses for all students and mandate such courses as a degree requirement. Originality/value: This empirical study investigated HRF level changes that occurred after a CPE course intervention among college freshmen. Sex and major difference in HRF changes were revealed. The interventions included in the CPE course could help improve freshmen's HRF levels in future intervention programs in a similar setting.

With the development of increasingly lightweight ships, composite materials are widely used, and the impact resistance of hybrid composite materials is still the focus of research. In this paper, the mechanical properties of glass fiber and Kevlar single-layer plates were tested, and the basic mechanical properties of the materials were obtained. Meanwhile, the low-speed impact test of glass/Kevlar interlayer hybrid test plates with different hybrid ratios was carried out by using a horizontal impact tester, and the impact resistance of composite materials with different hybrid ratios was studied. Based on the experimental mechanical performance parameters, the numerical method was developed to calculate the low-speed impact. Compared with the experimental results, it was found that the finite element method has high calculation accuracy. The results show that the impact resistance of the glass/Kevlar interlayer hybrid composite test plate is gradually improved with the increase of Kevlar content, and it is suggested to improve the impact resistance of the material by increasing the proportion of Kevlar in structural design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the content analysis method, 50 sports consumption policies implemented nationwide from 2014 to 2020 were quantitatively analyzed based on the dual perspectives of policy tools and development factors, including selection characteristics and changing process of policy tools. It is found that there is a structural imbalance in the current use of the tools in China, manifested in the over-strong environmental policy tools, the needed-to-be-improved supply-based policy tools, and the obviously insufficient demand-based policy tools. While the use of policy tools focuses on the demand, space and behaviour of sports consumption, there is insufficient attention to sports consumption guarantee, sports skills, and sports consumption concept. In order to optimize the selection of sports consumption policy tools, the use of policy tools should be reasonably allocated and the internal balance of policy tools be improved. Followed by the development law of sports consumption, the policy deployment of development elements should be improved and the supporting policies be completed with the combination of development characteristics of different periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the factors associated with table tennis performance may provide training information for competitive athletes and guide the general population for active participation. The purpose was to compare the joint, racket, and ball kinematics between the shakehand and penhold grips in table tennis forehand and backhand strokes when returning topspin and backspin balls in advanced male players. Nine penhold-grip players and 18 matched shakehand-grip players performed forehand and backhand strokes when returning topspin and backspin balls using their habitual grip styles, while the kinematics of the trunk, upper extremities, racket, and ball were collected. Racket angles were calculated as the relative motion of the racket to the forearm. For the forehand strokes, no significant differences were observed for ball or racket velocities between the two grips. The shakehand grip tended to demonstrate greater shoulder external rotation angles compared to the penhold grip. The shakehand grip resulted in racket flexion angular velocity compared to racket extension velocity for the penhold grip. For the backhand strokes, greater ball and racket velocities were observed for the shakehand grip. The shakehand grip generally demonstrated decreased final trunk left rotation angles, increased trunk right rotation angular velocities, decreased final shoulder abduction angles, increased shoulder adduction angular velocities, and increased forearm supination angular velocities. The two grips demonstrated similar peak racket and ball velocities but different shoulder rotation range of motion and racket motion in forehand strokes. The penhold grips resulted in decreased peak racket and ball velocities in backhand strokes, likely due to its decreased shoulder, elbow, and forearm motion and less aligned longitudinal axes between the racket and forearm. These findings may help understand the dominance of the shakehand grip over the penhold grip in elite athletes and provide information for grip selection, technique improvements, and exercise training., (© Journal of Sports Science and Medicine.)