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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), periosteal stem cells (PSCs), and other bone stem cells originate from embryonic bone formation, but their function and stem cell characteristics such as proliferation ability and differentiation ability change at different anatomical locations. Perichondral-derived stem cells (PCSCs) are more closely related to PSCs in origin and function, usually used to be studied together with PSCs as one type of stem cell. However, this leads to the ignoration of the PCSCs' characteristics. Since the anatomical locations of these two types of stem cells diverse, PCSCs should have some differences from PSCs. In this study, the PCSCs in the perichondrium surrounding the growth plate cartilage expressed CTSK and CD200 same as PSCs. However, when compared the stem cell characteristics of PCSCs with that of PSCs, PCSCs were more elongated than PSCs in morphology and have stronger self-renewal ability, as well as stronger chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials. This study revealed the stem cell characteristics of PCSCs distinguished from PSCs, which may indicate PCSCs and PSCs should not be treated as one type of cell to research in the future.

Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety profile of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, and leucovorin (HAIC‐FOLFOX) as an alternative therapeutic choice for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is refractory to systemic treatment including immune checkpoint blockades or molecular targeting agents. Methods: Two hundred and forty five consecutive patients with advanced HCC who received HAIC‐FOLFOX treatment after systemic treatment failure were retrospectively reviewed in six institutions and their survival, tumor response, and tolerance were assessed. Results: The median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival of the 209 included participants were 10.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.1–12.9) and 6.0 months (95% CI, 5.1–6.9), respectively. According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 criteria, the objective response rate was 21.1%, and the disease control rate was 64.6%. Multivariate analysis of risk factors of OS were albumin–bilirubin grade (2 and 3 vs. 1, hazard ratio [HR] 1.57; 95% CI, 1.05–2.34; p = 0.028), tumor number (>3 vs. 1–3, HR 2.18; 95% CI, 1.10–4.34; p = 0.026), extrahepatic spread (present vs. absent, HR 1.61, 95% CI, 1.06–2.45; p = 0.027), synchronous systemic treatment (present vs. absent, HR 0.55, 95% CI, 0.37–0.83; p = 0.004) and treatment response (responder vs. nonresponder, HR 0.30, 95% CI, 0.17–0.53; p < 0.001). Grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 59 (28.2%) HCC patients. All AEs were manageable, and deaths related to hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy treatment were not observed. Conclusions: Our findings support the effectiveness and safety of HAIC‐FOLFOX treatment for patients with advanced HCC who have failed systemic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteocytes play an important role in mechanosensation and conduction in bone tissue, and the change of mechanical environment can affect the sensitivity of osteocytes to external stimulation. The structure of osteocytes will be changed when they are subjected to vibrations, which influence the mechanosensitivity of osteocytes and alter the regulation of bone remodeling process. As an important mechanotransduction structure in osteocytes, the membrane skeleton greatly affects the mechanosensation and conduction of osteocytes. However, the dynamic responses of membrane skeleton to the vibration and the structural changes of membrane skeleton are unclear. Therefore, we applied a nonlinear dynamics method to explain the time-dependent changes of membrane skeleton. The semi-ellipsoidal reticulate shell structure of membrane skeleton is built based on the experimental observation in our previous work. Then, the nonlinear dynamic equations of membrane skeleton are established according to the theory of plate and shell dynamics, and the displacement–time curves, phase portraits, and Poincaré maps of membrane skeleton structure were obtained. The numeration results show that under the vibration stimulation of 15 Hz, 30 Hz, 60 Hz, and 90 Hz, the membrane skeleton is destroyed after a transient equilibrium position vibration. The vibration of 15 Hz has the most destructive effect on the membrane skeleton, the natural frequency of membrane skeleton may be less than 15 Hz. In addition, the chaos phenomenon occurs to the membrane skeleton during vibration. As a damping factor, the existence of viscosity alleviates the damage of structure. This study can help us to understand the oscillation characteristic of membrane skeleton in osteocyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of geniposide on vascular dementia (VaD) in rats., Methods: VaD rat model was established by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. Morris water maze performance was assessed after 4 weeks of treatment with geniposide, followed by pathological examinations of hippocampus and cerebral cortex., Results: The VaD rats had significantly longer escape latency and lower percentage of activities in platform quadrant than the rats in the sham surgery group (P<0.05). The VaD rats treated with geniposide [50 mg/(kg x d), 75 mg/(kg x d)] had significantly shorter escape latency (except the first day of the test) and significantly higher percentage of activities in platform quadrant than the VaD rats without treatment (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the geniposide treated group and the Donepezil treated group and the sham surgery control group. Geniposide significantly alleviated neurons,apoptosis and necrosis induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion of cortex and hippocampus., Conclusion: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can induce cognitive impairment. Geniposide can improve cognitive ability of Vascular Dementia in rats. This may represent a potential treatment strategy for vascular dementia.