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The installation of—and the debates surrounding—all-gender toilets (AGTs) are growing worldwide, but few empirical studies exist regarding the attitudes and behaviors of prospective AGT users. This paper fills the research gap by using a multi-methods approach to investigate how prospective users perceive and use AGTs at National Sun Yat-sen University in Taiwan. Through a survey of 729 university students and a two-week-long on-site observation, the study provides substantive evidence regarding AGTs users. The survey shows that the majority of both male and female respondents endorsed and would actually use AGTs. The presumed opposition to AGTs by mainstream users might have been overestimated. On average, only 9.23% of the respondents disagreed with the installation of AGTs, and only 7.37% never used the AGT next to their classroom. Female students were less likely to endorse and to use AGTs, and were more concerned about privacy, safety and hygiene issues in AGTs. On the other hand, some women would endorse the installation of AGTs even if they don't personally use them. Societies may be able to accommodate these diverse users by allowing for the coexistence of all-gender and gender-segregated toilets. This research contributes to existing gender and toilet literature by providing a cross-examined assessment of prospective respondents' attitudes and behaviors vis-à-vis the AGTs in an actual AGT setting instead of a hypothetical scenario. We encourage future research to target a more diversified pool of respondents to explore the myriad factors associated with mainstream users' attitudes toward and use of AGTs. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2021.1987198. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flight delays have always been a source of dissatisfaction for passengers whose travel arrangements are interrupted. This study identifies passengers' preferences for arrangement mechanisms in flight delay situations. A choice experiment is designed considering a set of attributes, including the duration of the delay, monetary compensation, free snacks and beverages, cabin class upgrade, free airport lounge access, and free hotel accommodation. An integrated model is developed using the discrete choice model, combined with the cumulative prospect theory to identify significant attributes. Questionnaires were collected from Taiwanese air travelers flying full-service carriers at the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. The results show that, if a major flight delay occurs and the airline would like passengers to maintain the booked flight, it needs to maintain a good long-term relationship with them by offering exclusive arrangements, such as free meals and, more importantly, free lounge access and hotel accommodation for long-distance travel. If the booked flight cannot resume operation on time, the airline could assist high-priority passengers take the next flight offered by the same airline or transfer their flight to another airline. Offering price discounts to typical passengers who are willing to fly business class and a free upgrade to a higher class for frequent flyers are effective schemes as well. • We identify air passenger preferences for travel arrangements in major flight delay situations. • A mixed logit model is integrated with prospect theory to capture risk attitudes. • Passengers require exclusive and immediate arrangements to maintain their booked flight. • Passengers prone to risk taking are highly sensitive to delays and waiting times. • Offering price discounts or a free upgrade to a higher class could be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cement clinker calcination in rotary kiln is an energy intensive process. Heat recovery from the kiln shell surface is a potential way to improve energy efficiency to make cement production cleaner and more sustainable. In this work, methods were proposed to assess the heat loss through the kiln shell and its influencing factors, using an industrial cement kiln in China as study case. By use of infrared thermography, the shell temperature and the heat loss through kiln shell were monitored for 19 days. Calculation shows that the daily heat loss through kiln shell in the calcination zone of the investigated kiln is about 140 GJ, and the heat losses by radiation and convection are comparable, accounting for 54% and 46%, respectively. Five main operating variables that greatly affect the heat loss are identified jointly by Random Forest and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results of this work will help company administrators create a strong awareness about improving energy efficiency of the kiln system, so that appropriate strategies are designed to reduce the heat loss through kiln shell. The work can also contribute to a better understanding of rotary kiln operation to reduce the heat loss. The work makes the cement clinker calcination process more sustainable by laying the foundation for recycling or reducing the waste heat loss through kiln shell. • Heat loss through a cement rotary kiln shell in the calcination zone is assessed. • Heat losses through radiation and convection of the investigated kiln are comparable. • Economic analysis of the heat loss through kiln shell is performed. • Influencing factors on heat loss through kiln shell are analyzed using RF and PCC. • This work is helpful to make clinker production process cleaner and more sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Subjective indicator of time pressures is a better predictor. • People who claim they lack time are less likely to use their composting cart. • Larger households are more likely to engage in organic waste diversion. • Older individuals are more likely to engage in organic waste diversion. • Logistic regression was estimated to analyze the San Francisco City/County Survey. Citizen engagement in waste management and recycling programs is crucial in achieving environmental sustainability. Existing studies have explored the determinants of waste management and recycling behavior as well as the adoption of selected waste management and recycling programs at both the individual and organizational levels. However, existing research has not explored, from a civic engagement perspective, why individuals who possess selected waste management and recycling tools fail to use them. Through individual level analysis, this study examines the reasons why residents fail to use their green curbside composting carts. Results indicate that subjective time pressure explains why individuals do not use their composting carts. Additionally, age and household size have different effects on the failure to use green curbside composting carts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Power draw for material movement in rotary drums with axis offset is studied by DEM. • Axis offset results in periodicity of the power draw and determines the overshoot. • Dominant frequency of the power draw is equal to the drum rotational frequency. • Effects of operating parameters on power draw are analyzed by DFT and regression. • Results of the work are useful in the design of the motor of rotary drum systems. Abstract The power draw for material movement is an important design parameter for the motor/drive train of industrial rotary drum systems. It is also the valuable process information reflecting working conditions of the drum. Most power draw calculation methods assume that the particles are mono-sized or evenly distributed, and the drum has no axis offset. However, these assumptions may not be always satisfied. In the present work, the power draw for material movement in a rotary drum filled with multi-dispersed particles is investigated using an experimentally validated DEM model. The effects of axis offset, rotational speed and filling degree of the drum are studied. Discrete Fourier Transform is performed to capture features of the simulated power draw profile. It is found that periodicity of the power draw profile is caused by axis offset of the drum, and its frequency is equal to the rotational frequency of the drum. Regression analysis shows that the peak and mean of the power draw is proportional to rotational speed and filling degree. The axis offset of the drum has no significant influence on the mean power draw, but it determines greatly the overshoot. Result of the work contributes to a better understanding of the power draw from microscopic and macroscopic view. It has potential usage for online monitoring of the axis offset of industrial rotary drums to prevent motor damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volunteers play a vital role in helping local schools accomplish their goals and missions. Yet, little is known about the determinants of volunteering in local schools. This study expects that community factors, citizens’ concerns, and personal characteristics are possible determinants of general and school volunteering. Utilizing a 2007 survey from a local county, this study finds that citizens receiving public assistance or having higher satisfaction with their local community are more likely to volunteer in any type of organizations. Moreover, having children under the age of 18, concerns about the availability of affordable child care, and working in the education sector are positively related to school volunteering. Implications for research and practice are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heat and mass transfer processes in rotary kilns are greatly influenced by the depth of the material. A method is proposed for automatic measurement of the local material depth in a directly-heated pilot rotary kiln, based on temperature fields in the kiln cross section. By analyzing the motion behavior of the material and the periodic pattern of the temperatures profile, the material region and the gas region are qualitatively identified. A statistical variable is then proposed to estimate the average temperature of the active layer of the material bed, with which the central angle covered by the thermocouples through the material bed can be determined and thus the material depth be estimated using geometrical relationship. The effectiveness of the proposed measuring method for bed depth is tested on a directly heated pilot rotary kiln and compared with results of manual measurement. It is found that the proposed method has good accuracy (maximal error 7%) as well as good stability for all the fourteen testing cases. Results of this work can be used conveniently in the experimental study of rotary kiln process, without introducing any additional hardware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have examined board-level determinants of board performance but left other organizational and environmental factors underexplored. This study examines determinants of board performance through multiple theories by using a sample of community-based human service nonprofits in Taiwan. The results show that organizational characteristics, such as governance structure, organizational stability, and management professionalization, are associated with board performance. A two-tier board design and a stable organization are essential to effective board performance, while having professional chief executive officers is linked to less effective board performance. Surprisingly, the results also show that external funding sources are not associated with board performance. Active board engagement does not necessarily mean better board performance. A two-tier governance structure can positively influence board performance. Nonprofit organizations need board members to fulfill their roles and responsibilities, especially when nonprofit organizations are unstable and/or when chief executive officers are professional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]