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4. The World Vegetable Center Amaranthus germplasm collection: Core collection development and evaluation of agronomic and nutritional traits

Author

Schafleitner, Roland, Lin, Ya Ping, Dinssa, Fekadu Fufa, N'Danikou, Sognigbé, Finkers, Richard, Minja, Ruth, Abukutsa-Onyango, Mary, Nyonje, Winnie Akinyi, Lin, Chen Yu, Wu, Tien Hor, Sigalla, Jeremiah Phanuel, van Zonneveld, Maarten, Hsiao, Yun Yin, Kumar, Sanjeet, Wu, Wan Jen, Wang, Hsin I., Lin, Shou, Yang, Ray Yu, Schafleitner, Roland, Lin, Ya Ping, Dinssa, Fekadu Fufa, N'Danikou, Sognigbé, Finkers, Richard, Minja, Ruth, Abukutsa-Onyango, Mary, Nyonje, Winnie Akinyi, Lin, Chen Yu, Wu, Tien Hor, Sigalla, Jeremiah Phanuel, van Zonneveld, Maarten, Hsiao, Yun Yin, Kumar, Sanjeet, Wu, Wan Jen, Wang, Hsin I., Lin, Shou, and Yang, Ray Yu

Abstract

Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is an underutilized crop increasing in popularity as a grain and as a leafy vegetable. It is rich in protein, minerals, and vitamins, and adapts well to a range of production systems. Currently, the lack of improved cultivars limits the use of the crop. Breeding-improved cultivars requires access to large collections of amaranth biodiversity stored in genebanks. The task of searching such vast collections for traits of interest can be eased by generating core collections, which display the diversity of large collections in a much smaller germplasm set. The World Vegetable Center amaranth collection contains around 1,000 accessions of 13 species; among them, there are 281 accessions of four species important for use as vegetable amaranth in Africa (A. cruentus, A. hypochondriacus, A. caudatus, and A. dubius). Based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker genotype diversity, a core collection (CC) of 76 accessions, cultivars, and selections was assembled. To a large extent, it represents the diversity of the whole collection. The CC was evaluated for yield and nutritional parameters during the cool and warm seasons in Tanzania and Taiwan and a pretest for variation of drought tolerance in the CC has been performed. Cultivar Madiira 2, an improved cultivar developed for vegetable production in Africa, outperformed all other tested cultivars in terms of yield stability, but several CC accessions had higher yield, lower wilting score, and higher nutrient content than Madiira 2. This indicates the core collection can be used for further improvement of amaranth cultivars.

Published
2022

6. The World Vegetable Center Amaranthus germplasm collection: Core collection development and evaluation of agronomic and nutritional traits

Author

Schafleitner, Roland, primary, Lin, Ya‐ping, additional, Dinssa, Fekadu Fufa, additional, N'Danikou, Sognigbé, additional, Finkers, Richard, additional, Minja, Ruth, additional, Abukutsa‐Onyango, Mary, additional, Nyonje, Winnie Akinyi, additional, Lin, Chen‐yu, additional, Wu, Tien‐hor, additional, Sigalla, Jeremiah Phanuel, additional, van Zonneveld, Maarten, additional, Hsiao, Yun‐yin, additional, Kumar, Sanjeet, additional, Wu, Wan‐jen, additional, Wang, Hsin‐I, additional, Lin, Shou, additional, and Yang, Ray‐yu, additional

Published
2022
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9. The World Vegetable Center Amaranthusgermplasm collection: Core collection development and evaluation of agronomic and nutritional traits

Author

Schafleitner, Roland, Lin, Ya‐ping, Dinssa, Fekadu Fufa, N'Danikou, Sognigbé, Finkers, Richard, Minja, Ruth, Abukutsa‐Onyango, Mary, Nyonje, Winnie Akinyi, Lin, Chen‐yu, Wu, Tien‐hor, Sigalla, Jeremiah Phanuel, van Zonneveld, Maarten, Hsiao, Yun‐yin, Kumar, Sanjeet, Wu, Wan‐jen, Wang, Hsin‐I, Lin, Shou, and Yang, Ray‐yu

Abstract

Amaranth (Amaranthusspp.) is an underutilized crop increasing in popularity as a grain and as a leafy vegetable. It is rich in protein, minerals, and vitamins, and adapts well to a range of production systems. Currently, the lack of improved cultivars limits the use of the crop. Breeding‐improved cultivars requires access to large collections of amaranth biodiversity stored in genebanks. The task of searching such vast collections for traits of interest can be eased by generating core collections, which display the diversity of large collections in a much smaller germplasm set. The World Vegetable Center amaranth collection contains around 1,000 accessions of 13 species; among them, there are 281 accessions of four species important for use as vegetable amaranth in Africa (A. cruentus, A. hypochondriacus, A. caudatus, and A. dubius). Based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker genotype diversity, a core collection (CC) of 76 accessions, cultivars, and selections was assembled. To a large extent, it represents the diversity of the whole collection. The CC was evaluated for yield and nutritional parameters during the cool and warm seasons in Tanzania and Taiwan and a pretest for variation of drought tolerance in the CC has been performed. Cultivar Madiira 2, an improved cultivar developed for vegetable production in Africa, outperformed all other tested cultivars in terms of yield stability, but several CC accessions had higher yield, lower wilting score, and higher nutrient content than Madiira 2. This indicates the core collection can be used for further improvement of amaranth cultivars. Amaranthusis a neglected crop with high nutritional value but limited access to improved cultivars.Breeding‐improved amaranth cultivars requires access to trait variation.Core collections make it easier to search large genebank collections for desirable traits.An amaranth core collection will support breeding of vegetable and dual use (grain and vegetable) cultivars.The core collection contains accessions with superior yield, yield stability, and nutritional value.

Published
2022
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11. Morphological patterns in a world collection of Cleome gynandra.

Author

Wu, Tien-hor, Solberg, Svein, Yndgaard, Flemming, and Chou, Yu-Yu

Abstract

Cleome gynandra L. is a leafy vegetable native to sub-Saharan Africa and Asia and cultivated on dry areas. The plant plays an important role in the food and nutrition security of local communities. The objective of this study was to illustrate variation and diversity in the Cleome collection held at the World Vegetable Center. In total, 242 accessions were cultivated and morphologically characterized and analyzed. The gynophore and filament, both important organs of the flower, played a key role in taxonomical identification. High morphological variation was detected in traits including plant height, pod length, leaf size, flower color, and earliness. Distinct morphological differentiation was detected between Asian and African accessions. On average, the African accessions were larger, less uniform and later in flowering and seed maturation than the Asian accessions. The results were used to establish a core collection of 49 Cleome accessions. Gaps in the current collection were detected. High within-accessions diversity challenges the existing ex situ conservation system; to maintain diversity, seed should be collected from a large number of plants, both during the collection mission and in ex situ regeneration. The results are relevant for germplasm collection strategies and regeneration protocols for good genebank practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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