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The ability of solving problems collaboratively has been increasingly significant. This research takes mathematics open-ended problems as the tasks and carries out collaborative problem solving with multi-machine video recording in the classroom environment aimed at 112 student pairs and 56 four-person student groups stemming from 224 students in the seventh grade. Based on the theory of commognition, this research develops an analytical framework for the performance of commognition in students' collaborative problem solving and provides several criteria for the marginalization of commognition. Through visual analysis and representation, the results show that the capacity of group meta-level commognition is lower than that of pairs, the male has better commognitive performance than the female, and group marginalization is more serious than that of pairs.

【Objective】 Precipitation and its variation is the driver of all ecological functions in a catchment. It is affected by many factors. This paper investigates the variation in precipitation and its multi-scale correlations with atmospheric circulation in the Taihu Lake Basin (TLB), China. 【Method】 The analysis was based on precipitation measured from 1960 to 2020 from 30 meteorological stations across the basin. Its multi-scale oscillations, as well as correlation with single and combined atmospheric circulation factors were analyzed using the Mann Kendall (MK), modified Mann Kendall (MMK), wavelet coherence (WTC), and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC). 【Result】 ① The annual and seasonal trends identified by MMK and MK from the precipitation series was similar, but the significance differed between the two methods. We found the largest upward trend in annual precipitation, but the seasonal precipitation in winter had the smallest upward trend. MMK detected significance that MK failed to identify, especially for spring precipitation. ② WTC found that the precipitation and atmospheric circulation factors were nonlinearly correlated in a complex way, but their correlation varied with time. ③ For single atmospheric circulation factors, the EASM was the most influential teleconnection affecting precipitaton in the TLB. Among the multivariates, Prep-AO-PDO-ENSO-EASM-DMI had the greatest impact on precipitation in TLB. 【Conclusion】 The dominant tele-correlation alone cannot explain the relationship between precipitation and atmospheric circulation, and a combination of atmospheric circulation factors and the highest percentage of significant power (POSP) offered the best explanation for precipitation variation in TLB.

ABSTRACT Objective Design, Patients and Methods Results Conclusions We conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy of low‐ and high‐dose radioiodine for remnant ablation in patients with low‐risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in China. The first‐stage results showed equivalence was observed between the two groups. Here, we report recurrence and survival at 3–5 and 6–10 years and biochemical parameters.Between January 2013 and December 2014, adult patients with DTC were enroled. Patients had undergone total or near‐total thyroidectomy, with or without cervical lymph node dissection, with tumour stages T1–T3 with or without lymph node metastasis, but without distant metastasis. Patients were randomly assigned to the low‐dose (1850 MBq) or high‐dose (3700 MBq) radioiodine group. They were then followed up for 3–5 and 6–10 years. Data on biochemical abnormalities, recurrence and survival were analysed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and χ2 tests.The data of 228 patients (mean age = 42 years; 70.6% women) were analysed, with 117 patients in the low‐dose group and 111 in the high‐dose group. There were no significant differences in biochemical abnormalities, recurrence, or survival rates at the 6–10‐year follow‐up (all p > .05). Nine patients experienced recurrence in the low‐dose group (8.7%), while eight patients experienced recurrence in the high‐dose group (8.2%). The survival rates were 100% and 98.2% in the low‐ and high‐dose groups, respectively.The long‐term effectiveness and safety of low‐dose (1850 MBq) radioiodine are the same as those of high‐dose (3700 MBq) radioiodine for thyroid remnant ablation in Chinese patients with low‐risk DTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) showed great potential for bioimaging due to their integration of non-in situ excitation and deep tissue penetration. However, PLNPs are often introduced with Cr3+ ions as the NIR emission centers. Herein, we report Cr-free Bi2Ga3.985O9:1.5% Fe3+ (BGF), with Fe3+ ions as the NIR emission centers. BGF under 310 nm excitation exhibited NIR afterglow emission at 794 nm in the first biological imaging window (650–950 nm), with the afterglow duration of 3 h. BGF was grafted with hydroxyl groups and then polydopamine (PDA) for the integration of indocyanine green (ICG) through π–π stacking and hydrophobic interactions, as the PLNP–PDA–ICG composite. Bi in the composite, as a heavy atom element, exhibits computed tomography (CT) contrast capacity, while PDA is a photothermal agent, and ICG is excited to produce reactive oxide species for photodynamic therapy. The afterglow/CT dual-modality imaging-guided photothermal/photodynamic combination therapy was validated with in vitro/vivo imaging and therapeutic applications. This work provides the Cr-free PLNP composite for drug-free theranostics with a low toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated reversible intermolecular proton shifting (IPS) coupled with spin transition (ST) in a novel FeII complex. The host FeII complex and the guest carboxylic acid anion were connected by intermolecular hydrogen bonds (IHBs). We extended the intramolecular proton transfer coupled ST phenomenon to the intermolecular system. The dynamic phenomenon was confirmed by variable‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, neutron crystallography, and infrared spectroscopy. The mechanism of IPS was further validated using density functional theory calculations. The discovery of IPS‐coupled ST in crystalline molecular materials provides good insights into fundamental processes and promotes the design of novel multifunctional materials with tunable properties for various applications, such as optoelectronics, information storage, and molecular devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]