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Objective: This study aimed to explore suitable drying methods for oil tea powder, making it easier for oil tea consumption and storage. Methods: Spray drying, vacuum freeze drying and vacuum drying were used to dry oil tea soup, and the quality (moisture content, sensory evaluation and color) and volatile substances of dried oil tea powder were evaluated. Results: The sensory score of vacuum freeze-drying oil tea powder was the highest (93), the water content was the lowest (3.78%), and the color was better（ΔE value 49.74). 104 volatile substances were identified from three drying methods of oil tea powder using SPME-GC-MS technology, of which 14 affected the flavor of oil tea powder. The characteristic flavor substances (nonanal, decanal, (Z)-2-decanal, (Z)-2-nonenal, (E) -3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal) of freeze-drying present green fragrance and fat fragrance. The special aromas of spray drying and vacuum drying are (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal and decanal, presenting green fragrance, fruit fragrance, and wax fragrance. PCA and comprehensive evaluation indicate that vacuum freeze-drying has the best flavor quality, which is consistent with sensory evaluation results. Conclusion: The flavor quality of vacuum freeze-drying was the best.

Periodontitis, a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease, poses significant challenges for effective treatment due to its complex etiology involving specific bacteria and the inflammatory immune microenvironment. Here, this study presents a novel approach for the targeted treatment of periodontitis utilizing the immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties of Embelin, a plant‐derived compound, within an injectable hydrogel system. The developed Carboxymethyl Chitosan‐Oxidized Dextran (CMCS‐OD) hydrogel formed via dynamic chemical bonds exhibited self‐healing capabilities and pH‐responsive behavior, thereby facilitating the controlled release of Embelin and enhancing its efficacy in a dynamic oral periodontitis microenvironment. This study demonstrates that this hydrogel system effectively prevents bacterial invasion and mitigates excessive immune response activation. Moreover, it precisely modulates macrophage M1/M2 phenotypes and suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression, thereby fostering a conducive environment for bone regeneration and addressing periodontitis‐induced bone loss. These findings highlight the potential of the approach as a promising strategy for the clinical management of periodontitis‐induced bone destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural teaching is the underlying core component of English as Foreign Language (EFL) education. Although the previous literature has intensely studied this theme, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research characteristics and trends in this field is still lacking regarding cultural teaching in EFL education. This study aims to explore the research distribution, research hot topics, and research the trends of EFL cultural teaching by conducting a bibliometric analysis of 358 articles on Web of Science using CiteSpace. The analysis leads to the following three findings: (a) The countries that teach EFL prevail in terms of number of publications but lag behind in terms of research influence, and a global academic community has not taken shape. (b) Interculturality is the central theme, encompassing a range of related topics such as intercultural competence, intercultural communication, and cultural awareness, with key teachers, learners, and textbooks as research perspectives. (c) Multilingual turn has emerged as a prominent new trend, which emphasizes the importance of cultural diversity and pays more attention to source/native languages and cultures. Furthermore, possible measures of promoting interculturality were discussed on the basis of relevant literature studies. In addition, scholars are suggested to pay more academic attention to the research and practices of EFL countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides micro-level evidence for the role of foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) in the cross-border transmission of global financial uncertainty shocks. Using Chinese firm-level data, we find that rising uncertainty has a significantly larger contractionary effect on real investment for FIEs than their local counterparts. This effect is more pronounced for firms faced with greater investment irreversibility or financial constraints. The contractionary effect is mainly driven by downside uncertainty, whereas upside uncertainty is modestly expansionary. Similar effects are found for other firm-level performances. There is also a spillover effect to local private firms with FIEs concentrated in downstream sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing π‐conjugated polymer structures through covalent bonds dominates the design of organic framework photocatalysts, which significantly depends on the selection of multiple donor‐acceptor building blocks to narrow the optical gap and increase the lifetimes of charge carriers. In this work, self‐bipolarized organic frameworks of single aromatic units are demonstrated as novel broad‐spectrum‐responsive photocatalysts for H2O2 production. The preparation of such photocatalysts is only to fix the aromatic units (such as 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene) with alkane linkers in 3D space. Self‐bipolarized aromatic units can drive the H2O2 production from H2O and O2 under natural sunlight, wide pH ranges (3.0‐10.0) and natural water sources. Moreover, it can be extended to catalyze the oxidative coupling of amines. Experimental and theoretical investigation demonstrate that such a strategy obeys the mechanism of through‐space π‐conjugation, where the closely face‐to‐face overlapped aromatic rings permit the electron and energy transfer through the large‐area delocalization of the electron cloud under visible light irradiation. This work introduces a novel design concept for the development of organic photocatalysts, which will break the restriction of conventional through‐band π‐conjugation structure and will open a new way in the synthesis of organic photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is insufficient evidence to assess the risk of the production of clinically important alloimmune irregular red blood cell (RBC) antibodies in first-time pregnant women. Methods: Using the microcolumn gel antiglobulin method, 18,010 Chinese women with a history of pregnancy and pregnant women were screened for irregular RBC antibodies, and for those with positive test results, antibody specificity was determined. The detection rate and specificity of irregular RBC antibodies in women with a history of multiple pregnancies (two or more) and first-time pregnant women were determined. Results: In addition to 25 patients who passively acquired anti-D antibodies via an intravenous anti-D immunoglobulin injection, irregular RBC antibodies were detected in 121 (0.67%) of the 18,010 women. Irregular RBC antibodies were detected in 93 (0.71%) of the 13,027 women with a history of multiple pregnancies, and antibody specificity was distributed mainly in the Rh, MNSs, Lewis, and Kidd blood group systems; irregular RBC antibodies were detected in 28 (0.56%) of the 4983 first-time pregnant women, and the antibody specificity was distributed mainly in the MNSs, Rh, and Lewis blood group systems. The difference in the percentage of patients with irregular RBC antibodies between the two groups was insignificant ( χ 2 = 1.248 , P > 0.05). Of the 121 women with irregular RBC antibodies, nine had anti-Mur antibodies, and one had anti-Dia antibodies; these antibodies are clinically important but easily missed because the antigenic profile of the reagent RBCs that are commonly used in antibody screens does not include the antigens that are recognized by these antibodies. Conclusion: Irregular RBC antibody detection is clinically important for both pregnant women with a history of multiple pregnancies and first-time pregnant women. Mur and Dia should be included in the antigenic profile of reagent RBCs that are used for performing antibody screens in the Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of insect vector‐pathogen relationships has long been of interest in the field of molecular ecology. One system of special relevance, due to its economic impacts, is that between Diaphorina citri and 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas), the cause of the severe Asian form of huanglongbing. CLas‐positive D. citri are more fecund than their CLas‐negative counterparts, boosting opportunities for pathogens to acquire new vector hosts. The molecular mechanism behind this life‐history shift remains unclear. Here, we found that CLas promoted ovarian development and increased the expression of the vitellogenin receptor (DcVgR) in ovaries. DcVgR RNAi significantly decreased fecundity and CLas titer in ovaries, extended the preoviposition period, shortened the oviposition period and blocked ovarian development. Given their importance in gene regulation, we explored the role of miRNAs in shaping these phenotypes and their molecular triggers. Our results showed that one miRNA, miR‐275, suppressed DcVgR expression by binding to its 3' UTR. Overexpression of miR‐275 knocked down DcVgR expression and CLas titer in ovaries, causing reproductive defects that mimicked DcVgR knockdown phenotypes. We focused, further, on roles of the Juvenile Hormone (JH) pathway in shaping the observed fecundity phenotype, given its known impacts on ovarian development. After CLas infection, this pathway was upregulated, thereby increasing DcVgR expression. From these combined results, we conclude that CLas hijacks the JH signalling pathway and miR‐275, thereby targeting DcVgR to increase D. citri fecundity. These changes simultaneously increase CLas replication, suggesting a pathogen‐vector host mutualism, or a seemingly helpful, but cryptically costly life‐history manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]