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11. Spectrality of a class of infinite convolutions on $\mathbb{R}$

Author

Wu, Sha and Xiao, Yingqing

Subjects
Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, 28A25, 28A80 (Primary), 42C05, 46C05 (Secondary)
Abstract

Given an integer $m\geq1$. Let $\Sigma^{(m)}=\{1,2, \cdots, m\}^{\mathbb{N}}$ be a symbolic space, and let $\{(b_{k},D_{k})\}_{k=1}^{m}:=\{(b_{k}, \{0,1,\cdots, p_{k}-1\}t_{k}) \}_{k=1}^{m}$ be a finite sequence pairs, where integers $| b_{k}| $, $p_{k}\geq2$, $|t_{k}|\geq 1$ and $ p_{k},t_{1},t_{2}, \cdots, t_{m}$ are pairwise coprime integers for all $1\leq k\leq m$. In this paper, we show that for any infinite word $\sigma=\left(\sigma_{n}\right)_{n=1}^{\infty}\in\Sigma^{(m)}$, the infinite convolution $$ \mu_{\sigma}=\delta_{b_{\sigma_{1}}^{-1} D_{\sigma_{1}}} * \delta_{\left(b_{\sigma_{1}} b_{\sigma_{2}}\right)^{-1} D_{\sigma_{2}}} * \delta_{\left(b_{\sigma_{1}} b_{\sigma_{2}} b_{\sigma_{3}}\right)^{-1}D_{\sigma_{3}}} * \cdots $$ is a spectral measure if and only if $p_{\sigma_n}\mid b_{\sigma_n}$ for all $n\geq2$ and $\sigma\notin \bigcup_{l=1}^\infty\prod_{l}$, where $\prod_{l}=\{i_{1}i_{2}\cdots i_{l}j^{\infty}\in\Sigma^{(m)}: i_{l}\neq j, |b_{j}|=p_{j}, |t_{j}|\neq1\}$.

Published
2022

12. Study on the variation of functional traits and environmental driving factors of different species origins of Acer truncatum in the Horqin Sandy Land

Author

WANG Yuqing, WU Sha, XU Yan, XIN Xuebing, LI Xiaogang, and PEI Shunxiang

Subjects
acer truncatum, functional traits, environmental factors, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Abstract [Objective] The study of the functional trait variation and environmental drivers of woody oilseed plants in different origins is of great significance for the construction of core breeding populations and the selection of improved seeds. [Methods] In this study, the functional traits of leaves and seeds and the soil physicochemical properties were determined for the three of the largest existing natural forests of Acer truncatum in China, including Udantara, Pine Mountain, and Dai Chintara, which were distributed around the Horqin Sandy Land. The methods of ANOVA, correlation analysis, RDA ranking analysis, and PLSSEM model were used to study the variation of functional traits and the correlation between traits and the environment in different origins in Horqin, and explore the relationship between functional traits and environmental factors of A . truncatum . [Results] (1) The differences in each functional trait of the three A . truncatum were obvious, and the coefficient of variation of each trait was as follows: Specific leaf area (SLA) > oleic acid content (OA) > seed aspect ratio (ZC∶ZK) > carbon-nitrogen ratio (C∶N) > nerve acid content (NA) > seed oil content (OC) > linoleic acid content (LOA) > leaf carbon content (LCC). The inter-source coefficient of variation ranged from 3.81%-19.51% while the intra-source variation coefficient ranged from 3.60%-14.64%; the inter-source variation was greater than the intra-source variation. (2) Among the three source areas, the content of oil and linoleic acid was the highest in the Dai Chintara area, and the highest content of nerve acid in the Udantara area. (3) The correlation results showed that there was a significant correlation between the functional traits of A . truncatum and environmental factors. (4) The RDA analysis showed that environmental factors could explain 24.1% of the functional trait variation of A . truncatum . Soil organic matter (SOM) and temperature seasonal coefficient of variation (BIO-4) were the dominant ecological factors. Mmeteorology and soil jointly determined the variation of A . truncatum functional traits, in which meteorological factors played a leading role. (5) The PLS-SEM model showed that the path coefficient between the leaf and seed traits and the oil index of A . truncatum was small, where the synergy effect was not significant. The average annual temperature was the main influencing factor of the oil-related indexes of A . truncatum fat, and its correlation with oil showed a negative correlation, suggesting that the lower temperature was conducive to the accumulation of solid oil of A . truncatum seed. [Conclusion] This study found that meteorology is the dominant environmental factor driving the variation of functional traits of A . truncatum , and temperature is the key factor determining the solid oil content of A . truncatum seeds, which may provide a basis for the cultivation of A . truncatum for oil production.

Published
2024
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15. Search for gamma-ray spectral lines with the DArk Matter Particle Explorer

Author

Alemanno, Francesca, An, Qi, Azzarello, Philipp, Barbato, Felicia Carla Tiziana, Bernardini, Paolo, Bi, Xiao-Jun, Cai, Ming-Sheng, Casilli, Elisabetta, Catanzani, Enrico, Chang, Jin, Chen, Deng-Yi, Chen, Jun-Ling, Chen, Zhan-Fang, Cui, Ming-Yang, Cui, Tian-Shu, Cui, Yu-Xing, Dai, Hao-Ting, De Benedittis, Antonio, De Mitri, Ivan, de Palma, Francesco, Deliyergiyev, Maksym, Di Santo, Margherita, Ding, Qi, Dong, Tie-Kuang, Dong, Zhen-Xing, Donvito, Giacinto, Droz, David, Duan, Jing-Lai, Duan, Kai-Kai, D'Urso, Domenico, Fan, Rui-Rui, Fan, Yi-Zhong, Fang, Fang, Fang, Kun, Feng, Chang-Qing, Feng, Lei, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gao, Min, Gargano, Fabio, Gong, Ke, Gong, Yi-Zhong, Guo, Dong-Ya, Guo, Jian-Hua, Han, Shuang-Xue, Hu, Yi-Ming, Huang, Guang-Shun, Huang, Xiao-Yuan, Huang, Yong-Yi, Ionica, Maria, Jiang, Wei, Kong, Jie, Kotenko, Andrii, Kyratzis, Dimitrios, Lei, Shi-Jun, Li, Shang, Li, Wen-Hao, Li, Wei-Liang, Li, Xiang, Li, Xian-Qiang, Liang, Yao-Ming, Liu, Cheng-Ming, Liu, Hao, Liu, Jie, Liu, Shu-Bin, Liu, Yang, Loparco, Francesco, Luo, Chuan-Ning, Ma, Miao, Ma, Peng-Xiong, Ma, Tao, Ma, Xiao-Yong, Marsella, Giovanni, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, Mo, Dan, Mu, Maria, Niu, Xiao-Yang, Pan, Xu, Parenti, Andrea, Peng, Wen-Xi, Peng, Xiao-Yan, Perrina, Chiara, Qiao, Rui, Rao, Jia-Ning, Ruina, Arshia, Shangguan, Zhi, Shen, Wei-Hua, Shen, Zhao-Qiang, Shen, Zhong-Tao, Silveri, Leandro, Song, Jing-Xing, Stolpovskiy, Mikhail, Su, Hong, Su, Meng, Sun, Hao-Ran, Sun, Zhi-Yu, Surdo, Antonio, Teng, Xue-Jian, Tykhonov, Andrii, Wang, Jin-Zhou, Wang, Lian-Guo, Wang, Shen, Wang, Shu-Xin, Wang, Xiao-Lian, Wang, Ying, Wang, Yan-Fang, Wang, Yuan-Zhu, Wei, Da-Ming, Wei, Jia-Ju, Wei, Yi-Feng, Wu, Di, Wu, Jian, Wu, Li-Bo, Wu, Sha-Sha, Wu, Xin, Xia, Zi-Qing, Xu, En-Heng, Xu, Hai-Tao, Xu, Zhi-Hui, Xu, Zun-Lei, Xu, Zi-Zong, Xue, Guo-Feng, Yang, Hai-Bo, Yang, Peng, Yang, Ya-Qing, Yao, Hui-Jun, Yu, Yu-Hong, Yuan, Guan-Wen, Yuan, Qiang, Yue, Chuan, Zang, Jing-Jing, Zhang, Sheng-Xia, Zhang, Wen-Zhang, Zhang, Yan, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong-Jie, Zhang, Yun-Long, Zhang, Ya-Peng, Zhang, Yong-Qiang, Zhang, Zhe, Zhang, Zhi-Yong, Zhao, Cong, Zhao, Hong-Yun, Zhao, Xun-Feng, Zhou, Chang-Yi, Zhu, Yan, and Liang, Yun-Feng

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is well suitable for searching for monochromatic and sharp $\gamma$-ray structures in the GeV$-$TeV range thanks to its unprecedented high energy resolution. In this work, we search for $\gamma$-ray line structures using five years of DAMPE data. To improve the sensitivity, we develop two types of dedicated data sets (including the BgoOnly data which is the first time to be used in the data analysis for the calorimeter-based gamma-ray observatories) and adopt the signal-to-noise ratio optimized regions of interest (ROIs) for different DM density profiles. No line signals or candidates are found between 10 and 300 GeV in the Galaxy. The constraints on the velocity-averaged cross section for $\chi\chi \to \gamma\gamma$ and the decay lifetime for $\chi \to \gamma\nu$, both at 95% confidence level, have been calculated and the systematic uncertainties have been taken into account. Comparing to the previous Fermi-LAT results, though DAMPE has an acceptance smaller by a factor of $\sim 10$, similar constraints on the DM parameters are achieved and below 100 GeV the lower limits on the decay lifetime are even stronger by a factor of a few. Our results demonstrate the potential of high-energy-resolution observations on dark matter detection., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures. Update the content to keep up with the published version

Published
2021
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19. Mapping the 'TOEFL iBT'® Test Scores to China's Standards of English Language Ability: Implications for Score Interpretation and Use. TOEFL® Research Report. RR-89. ETS RR-19-44

Author

Papageorgiou, Spiros, Wu, Sha, Hsieh, Ching-Ni, Tannenbaum, Richard J., and Cheng, Mengmeng

Abstract

The past decade has seen an emerging interest in mapping (aligning or linking) test scores to language proficiency levels of external performance scales or frameworks, such as the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), as well as locally developed frameworks, such as China's Standards of English Language Ability (CSE). Such alignment is ultimately a claim about the interpretation of test scores in relation to external levels of language proficiency. To support such a claim, established procedures should be carefully implemented and multiple sources of evidence should be collected. In this research report, we demonstrate the application of a series of steps in building an argument for aligning the scores of the "TOEFL iBT"® test, an international, large-scale language proficiency test of English as a foreign language (EFL), to the levels of the CSE. The alignment process comprised the following steps: (a) establishing construct congruence between the TOEFL iBT test and the CSE; (b) establishing recommended minimum test scores (cut scores), set by local experts, to classify language learners into the local proficiency levels; (c) collection of scores by test takers (N = 1,326) and evaluations of the test takers' proficiency levels by their teachers, based on the local framework; and (d) consideration of the results of other alignment studies in the local context as well as the link between the CEFR and the CSE levels. We conclude with a discussion of the contextual issues that should be considered when interpreting test scores in relation to external proficiency levels. These contextual issues are important considerations because they have the potential to impact score-based decisions on individuals and institutions. We also discuss the implications for similar alignment research.

Published
2019

20. Observations of Forbush Decreases of cosmic ray electrons and positrons with the Dark Matter Particle Explorer

Author

Alemanno, Francesca, An, Qi, Azzarello, Philipp, Barbato, Felicia Carla Tiziana, Bernardini, Paolo, Bi, XiaoJun, Cai, MingSheng, Casilli, Elisabetta, Catanzani, Enrico, Chang, Jin, Chen, DengYi, Chen, JunLing, Chen, ZhanFang, Cui, MingYang, Cui, TianShu, Cui, YuXing, Dai, HaoTing, De Benedittis, Antonio, De Mitri, Ivan, de Palma, Francesco, Deliyergiyev, Maksym, Di Santo, Margherita, Ding, Qi, Dong, TieKuang, Dong, ZhenXing, Donvito, Giacinto, Droz, David, Duan, JingLai, Duan, KaiKai, D'Urso, Domenico, Fan, RuiRui, Fan, YiZhong, Fang, Fang, Fang, Kun, Feng, ChangQing, Feng, Lei, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gao, Min, Gargano, Fabio, Gong, Ke, Gong, YiZhong, Guo, DongYa, Guo, JianHua, Han, ShuangXue, Hu, YiMing, Huang, GuangShun, Huang, XiaoYuan, Huang, YongYi, Ionica, Maria, Jiang, Wei, Kong, Jie, Kotenko, Andrii, Kyratzis, Dimitrios, Li, ., Lei, ShiJun, Li, WenHao, Li, WeiLiang, Li, Xiang, Li, XianQiang, Liang, YaoMing, Liu, ChengMing, Liu, Hao, Liu, Jie, Liu, ShuBin, Liu, Yang, Loparco, Francesco, Luo, ChuanNing, Ma, Miao, Ma, PengXiong, Ma, Tao, Ma, XiaoYong, Marsella, Giovanni, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, Mo, Dan, Niu, XiaoYang, Pan, Xu, Parenti, Andrea, Peng, WenXi, Peng, XiaoYan, Perrina, Chiara, Qiao, Rui, Rao, JiaNing, Ruina, Arshia, Salinas, MariaMunoz, Shangguan, Zhi, Shen, WeiHua, Shen, ZhaoQiang, Shen, ZhongTao, Silveri, Leandro, Song, JingXing, Stolpovskiy, Mikhail, Su, Hong, Su, Meng, Sun, HaoRan, Sun, ZhiYu, Surdo, Antonio, Teng, XueJian, Tykhonov, Andrii, Wang, JinZhou, Wang, LianGuo, Wang, Shen, Wang, ShuXin, Wang, XiaoLian, Wang, Ying, Wang, YanFang, Wang, YuanZhu, Wei, DaMing, Wei, JiaJu, Wei, YiFeng, Wu, Di, Wu, Jian, Wu, LiBo, Wu, Sha Sha, Wu, Xin, Xia, ZiQing, Xu, EnHeng, Xu, HaiTao, Xu, ZhiHui, Xu, ZunLei, Xue, GuoFeng, Xu, ZiZong, Yang, HaiBo, Yang, Peng, Yang, YaQing, Yao, Hui Jun, Yu, YuHong, Yuan, GuanWen, Yuan, Qiang, Yue, Chuan, Zang, JingJing, Zhang, ShengXia, Zhang, WenZhang, Zhang, Yan, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, YongJie, Zhang, YunLong, Zhang, YaPeng, Zhang, YongQiang, Zhang, ZhiYong, Zhang, Zhe, Zhao, Cong, Zhao, HongYun, Zhao, XunFeng, Zhou, ChangYi, Zhu, Yan, Chen, Wei, Feng, Li, Luo, Xi, and Zhu, ChengRui

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Forbush Decrease (FD) represents the rapid decrease of the intensities of charged particles accompanied with the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) or high-speed streams from coronal holes. It has been mainly explored with ground-based neutron monitors network which indirectly measure the integrated intensities of all species of cosmic rays by counting secondary neutrons produced from interaction between atmosphere atoms and cosmic rays. The space-based experiments can resolve the species of particles but the energy ranges are limited by the relative small acceptances except for the most abundant particles like protons and helium. Therefore, the FD of cosmic ray electrons and positrons have just been investigated by the PAMELA experiment in the low energy range ($<5$ GeV) with limited statistics. In this paper, we study the FD event occurred in September, 2017, with the electron and positron data recorded by the Dark Matter Particle Explorer. The evolution of the FDs from 2 GeV to 20 GeV with a time resolution of 6 hours are given. We observe two solar energetic particle events in the time profile of the intensity of cosmic rays, the earlier and weak one has not been shown in the neutron monitor data. Furthermore, both the amplitude and recovery time of fluxes of electrons and positrons show clear energy-dependence, which is important in probing the disturbances of the interplanetary environment by the coronal mass ejections., Comment: This article is dedicated to the 72nd anniversary of People's Republic of China

Published
2021
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32. Fusion expression of nanobodies specific for the insecticide fipronil on magnetosomes in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1

Author

Wu, Sha, Ma, Fengfei, He, Jinxin, Li, Qing X, Hammock, Bruce D, Tian, Jiesheng, and Xu, Ting

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Infection, Bacillus subtilis, Bacterial Proteins, Batch Cell Culture Techniques, Fermentation, Glutathione, Hydrogen Peroxide, Immunoassay, Insecticides, Magnetosomes, Magnetospirillum, Pyrazoles, Single-Chain Antibodies, Single-Domain Antibodies, Magnetosome, Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, Nanobody, Fipronil, Technology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Agricultural biotechnology, Industrial biotechnology, Medical biotechnology
Abstract

BackgroundMagnetic nanoparticles such as magnetosomes modified with antibodies allow a high probability of their interaction with targets of interest. Magnetosomes biomineralized by magnetotactic bacteria are in homogeneous nanoscale size and have crystallographic structure, and high thermal and colloidal stability. Camelidae derived nanobodies (Nbs) are small in size, thermal stable, highly water soluble, easy to produce, and fusible with magnetosomes. We aimed to functionalize Nb-magnetosomes for the analysis of the insecticide fipronil.ResultsThree recombinant magnetotactic bacteria (CF, CF+ , and CFFF) biomineralizing magnetosomes with different abundance of Nbs displayed on the surface were constructed. Compared to magnetosomes from the wild type Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1, all of the Nb-magnetosomes biosynthesized by strains CF, CF+ , and CFFF showed a detectable level of binding capability to fipronil-horseradish peroxidase (H2-HRP), but none of them recognized free fipronil. The Nb-magnetosomes from CFFF were oxidized with H2O2 or a glutathione mixture consisting of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione in vitro and their binding affinity to H2-HRP was decreased, whereas that to free fipronil was enhanced. The magnetosomes treated with the glutathione mixture were employed to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of fipronil in water samples, with average recoveries in a range of 78-101%.ConclusionsThe economical and environmental-friendly Nb-magnetosomes biomineralized by the bacterial strain MSR-1 can be potentially applied to nanobody-based immunoassays for the detection of fipronil or nanobody-based assays in general.

Published
2021

36. The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) Science Book (2021 Edition)

Author

Cao, Zhen, della Volpe, D., Liu, Siming, Editors, Bi, Xiaojun, Chen, Yang, Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Feng, Li, Jia, Huanyu, Li, Zhuo, Ma, Xinhua, Wang, Xiangyu, Zhang, Xiao, Referees, External, Qie, Xiushu, Hu, Hongbo, Referees, Internal, Sáiz, Alejandro, Yang, Ruizhi, Contributors, Addazi, Andrea, Belotsky, Konstantin, Beylin, Vitaly, Bi, Yu-Jiang, Che, Ming-Jun, Chen, Song-Zhan, Cheng, Yao-Dong, Chiavassa, Andrea, Cirelli, Marco, Di Sciascio, Giuseppe, Esmaili, Arman, Fang, Kun, Fornengo, Nicolao, Gou, Quanbu, Guo, Yi-Qing, Gan, Qingyu, Gong, Guang-Hua, Gu, Min-Hao, He, Haoning, He, Hui-Hai, Hou, Chao, Huang, Xing-Tao, Huang, Wen-Hao, Kachekriess, Michael, Khlopov, Maxim, Korchagin, Vladimir, Korochkin, Alexander, Kuksa, Vladimir, Ksenofontov, Leonid T., Liu, Ye, Liu, Ruo-Yu, Liu, Cheng, Marciano, Antonino, Martineau-Huynh, Olivier, Martraire, Diane, Ma, Lingling, Neronov, Andrii, Panci, Paolo, Pasechnick, Roman, Ruffolo, David, Sakharov, Alexander, Sala, Filippo, Semikoz, Dimiri, Shchegolev, Oleg, Serpico, Pasquale Dario, Sheng, Xiang-Dong, Stenkin, Yuri V., Tam, P. H. Thomas, Vernetto, Silvia, Vallania, Piero, Volchanskiy, Nikolay, Wang, Zhongxiang, Wang, Kai, Wang, Xiang-Yu, Wu, Han-Rong, Wu, Chao-Yong, Wu, Sha, Xiao, Gang, Yang, Rui-zhi, Yan, Dahai, Yao, Zhi-Guo, Yin, Pengfei, Yuan, Qiang, Zeng, Houdun, Zhang, Shou-Shan, Zhang, Yi, Zhou, Xunxiu, Zhu, Hui, and Zuo, Xiong

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Since the science white paper of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) published on arXiv in 2019 [e-Print: 1905.02773 (astro-ph.HE)], LHAASO has completed the transition from a project to an operational gamma-ray astronomical observatory LHAASO is a new generation multi-component facility located in Daocheng, Sichuan province of China, at an altitude of 4410 meters. It aims at measuring with unprecedented sensitivity the spectrum, composition, and anisotropy of cosmic rays in the energy range between 10$^{12}$ and 10$^{18}$~eV, and acting simultaneously as a wide aperture (one stereoradiant) continuously operating gamma-ray telescope in the energy range between 10$^{11}$ and $10^{15}$~eV with the designed sensitivity of 1.3\% of the Crab Unit (CU) above 100 TeV. LHAASO's capability of measuring simultaneously different shower components (electrons, muons, and Cherenkov/fluorescence light), will allow it to investigate the origin, acceleration, and propagation of CR through measurement of the energy spectrum, elemental composition, and anisotropy with unprecedented resolution. The remarkable sensitivity of LHAASO will play a key role in CR physics and gamma-ray astronomy for a general and comprehensive exploration of the high energy universe and will allow important studies of fundamental physics (such as indirect dark matter search, Lorentz invariance violation, quantum gravity) and solar and heliospheric physics. The LHAASO Collaboration organized an editorial working group and finished all editorial work of this science book, to summarize the instrumental features and outline the prospects of scientific researches with the LHAASO experiment., Comment: This document is a collaborative effort, 185 pages, 110 figures

Published
2019

37. Construction of Immunomagnetic Particles with High Stability in Stringent Conditions by Site-Directed Immobilization of Multivalent Nanobodies onto Bacterial Magnetic Particles for the Environmental Detection of Tetrabromobisphenol‑A

Author

He, Jinxin, Ma, Shijiao, Wu, Sha, Xu, Junjie, Tian, Jiesheng, Li, Ji, Gee, Shirley J, Hammock, Bruce D, Li, Qing X, and Xu, Ting

Subjects
Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Engineering, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Chemical Engineering, Amino Acid Sequence, Antibodies, Immobilized, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Ferrosoferric Oxide, Flame Retardants, Iron, Limit of Detection, Magnetosomes, Magnetospirillum, Polybrominated Biphenyls, Sewage, Single-Domain Antibodies, Sulfides, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Other Chemical Sciences, Medical biochemistry and metabolomics, Analytical chemistry, Chemical engineering
Abstract

Bacterial magnetic particles (BMPs) are an attractive carrier material for immunoassays because of their nanoscale size, dispersal ability, and membrane-bound structure. Antitetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) nanobodies (Nbs) in the form of monovalence (Nb1), bivalence (Nb2), and trivalence (Nb3) were biotinylated and immobilized onto streptavidin (SA)-derivatized BMPs to construct the complexes of BMP-SA-Biotin-Nb1, -Nb2, and -Nb3, respectively. An increasing order of binding capability of BMP-SA-Biotin-Nb1, -Nb2, and -Nb3 to TBBPA was observed. These complexes showed high resilience to temperature (90 °C), methanol (100%), high pH (12), and strong ionic strength (1.37 M NaCl). A BMP-SA-Biotin-Nb3-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for TBBPA dissolved in methanol was developed, showing a half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.42 ng mL-1. TBBPA residues in landfill leachate, sewage, and sludge samples determined by this assay were in a range of -1, -1, and -1 (dw), respectively, correlating well with the results by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The BMP-SA-Biotin-Nb3 was reusable at least three times without significant loss of the binding capability. The BMP-SA-Biotin-Nb3-based ELISA, with a total assay time of less than 30 min, is promising for the rapid monitoring of TBBPA in the environment.

Published
2020

46. Genomes of leafy and leafless Platanthera orchids illuminate the evolution of mycoheterotrophy

Author

Li, Ming-He, Liu, Ke-Wei, Li, Zhen, Lu, Hsiang-Chia, Ye, Qin-Liang, Zhang, Diyang, Wang, Jie-Yu, Li, Yu-Feng, Zhong, Zhi-Ming, Liu, Xuedie, Yu, Xia, Liu, Ding-Kun, Tu, Xiong-De, Liu, Bin, Hao, Yang, Liao, Xing-Yu, Jiang, Yu-Ting, Sun, Wei-Hong, Chen, Jinliao, Chen, Yan-Qiong, Ai, Ye, Zhai, Jun-Wen, Wu, Sha-Sha, Zhou, Zhuang, Hsiao, Yu-Yun, Wu, Wan-Lin, Chen, You-Yi, Lin, Yu-Fu, Hsu, Jui-Ling, Li, Chia-Ying, Wang, Zhi-Wen, Zhao, Xiang, Zhong, Wen-Ying, Ma, Xiao-Kai, Ma, Liang, Huang, Jie, Chen, Gui-Zhen, Huang, Ming-Zhong, Huang, Laiqiang, Peng, Dong-Hui, Luo, Yi-Bo, Zou, Shuang-Quan, Chen, Shi-Pin, Lan, Siren, Tsai, Wen-Chieh, Van de Peer, Yves, and Liu, Zhong-Jian

Published
2022
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48. Development of an immunoassay for the detection of carbaryl in cereals based on a camelid variable heavy‐chain antibody domain

Author

Liu, Zhiping, Wang, Kai, Wu, Sha, Wang, Zhanhui, Ding, Guochun, Hao, Xiujing, Li, Qing X, Li, Ji, Gee, Shirley J, Hammock, Bruce D, and Xu, Ting

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Food Sciences, Animals, Camelids, New World, Carbaryl, Edible Grain, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Food Contamination, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains, Insecticides, Limit of Detection, Single-Chain Antibodies, Triticum, Zea mays, VHH, carbaryl, ELISA, cereals, food safety, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Engineering, Food Science, Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
Abstract

BackgroundThe variable domain of camelid heavy-chain antibodies (VHH) is increasingly being adapted to detect small molecules in various matrices. The insecticide carbaryl is widely used in agriculture while its residues have posed a threat to food safety and human health.ResultsVHHs specific for carbaryl were generated from an alpaca immunized with the hapten CBR1 coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the VHH C1 and the coating antigen CBR2-BSA was developed for the detection of carbaryl in cereals. This assay, using an optimized assay buffer (pH 6.5) containing 10% methanol and 0.8% NaCl, has a half-maximum signal inhibition concentration of 5.4 ng mL-1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 ng mL-1 for carbaryl, and shows low cross reactivity (≤0.8%) with other tested carbamates. The LOD of carbaryl using the VHH-based ELISA was 36 ng g-1 in rice and maize and 72 ng g-1 in wheat. Recoveries of carbaryl in spiked rice, maize and wheat samples were in the range of 81-106%, 96-106% and 83-113%, respectively. Relative standard deviations of repeatability and intra-laboratory reproducibility were in the range of 0.8-9.2% and 2.9-9.7%, respectively.ConclusionThe VHH-based ELISA was highly effective in detecting carbaryl in cereal samples after simple sample extraction and dilution. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Published
2019

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