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There is an inseparable link between bone metabolism and gut microbiota, and the supplementation of probiotics exhibits a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of gut microbiota and inhibiting bone loss. This study aims to explore the preventive and therapeutic potentials and the specific mechanisms of Rothia on osteoporosis. The mice models of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy (OVX) were built, and the regular (once a day) and quantitative (200 μL/d) gavage of Rothia was performed for 8 weeks starting from 1 week after OVX. Microcomputed tomography was used to analyze the bone mass and bone microstructure of mice in each group after sacrifice. Histological staining and immunohistochemistry were then applied to identify the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, intestinal permeability, and osteogenic and osteoclastic activities of mice. The collected feces of mice in each group were used for 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing to detect the alterations in composition, abundance, and diversity of gut microbiota. This study demonstrated that the gavage of Rothia alleviated bone loss in mice with OVX‐induced osteoporosis, improved OVX‐induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury, optimized intestinal permeability (zonula occludens protein 1 and occludin), reduced intestinal inflammation (tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β), and regulated imbalance of gut microbiota. Based on "gut‐bone" axis, this study revealed that regular and quantitative gavage of Rothia can relieve bone loss in mice with OVX‐induced osteoporosis by repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier injury, optimizing the intestinal permeability, inhibiting the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and improving the disorder of gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method to determine the intensity of traffic is a key issue for the control of air pollution from urban transport in order to meet air quality requirements. In this study, by combining the definitions of environmental capacity and traffic capacity, the concepts of traffic-related environmental capacity and environmental traffic capacity are discussed. A mesh analysis method for environmental traffic capacity in urban areas has been developed by integrating the spatial segmentation method applied for the analysis of urban traffic system with the environmental spatial segmentation method. To calculate the spatial transfer coefficients of air pollutants between grids, a method of backing virtual point sources was established and applied to this case. The linear optimization model of traffic-related environmental capacity was established on a basis of the diffusion and transmission theories for air pollutants. Taking peak hours as an analytical period, we have established an urban environmental traffic capacity analysis model aimed at controlling various air pollutants emitted by vehicles. A case study shows that the model can analyze and calculate vehicle traffic volumes, which satisfy air quality requirements within specified temporal and spatial ranges. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000061 CE Database subject headings: Traffic management; Urban areas; Traffic capacity; Spatial analysis.

Background: Proper guidance of neuronal axons to their targets is required to assemble neural circuits during the development of the nervous system. However, the mechanism by which the guidance of axonal growth cones is regulated by specific intermediaries activated by receptor signaling pathways to mediate cytoskeleton dynamics is unclear. Vav protein members have been proposed to mediate this process, prompting us to investigate their role in the limb selection of the axon trajectory of spinal lateral motor column (LMC) neurons. Results: We found Vav2 and Vav3 expression in LMC neurons when motor axons grew into the limb. Vav2, but not Vav3, loss‐of‐function perturbed LMC pathfinding, while Vav2 gain‐of‐function exhibited the opposite effects, demonstrating that Vav2 plays an important role in motor axon growth. Vav2 knockdown also attenuated the redirectional phenotype of LMC axons induced by Dcc, but not EphA4, in vivo and lateral LMC neurite growth preference to Netrin‐1 in vitro. This study showed that Vav2 knockdown and ectopic nonphosphorylable Vav2 mutant expression abolished the Src‐induced stronger growth preference of lateral LMC neurites to Netrin‐1, suggesting that Vav2 is downstream of Src in this context. Conclusions: Vav2 is essential for Netrin‐1‐regulated LMC motor axon pathfinding through Src interaction. Key Findings: Spinal cord, motor neuron, axon guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives·To investigate the personality traits of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and compare the differences of personality traits among different subtypes of AN. Methods·A total of 164 patients with AN treated in the Clinical Psychosomatic Ward and Psychological Counseling Clinic of Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2013 to July 2018 were selected and 124 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition), AN was divided into restricting type AN (AN-R), binge-purging type AN (AN-BP) and atypical AN. In AN group, 76 cases were AN-R, 81 cases were AN-BP, and 7 cases were atypical AN. The severity of pathological psychological symptoms of AN patients was evaluated by Eating Disorder Examination-questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0), and the personality traits of perfectionism, impulsivity and self-esteem of AN patients were evaluated by Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Psychological Scale (FMPS), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11th Version (BIS-11) and Self-esteem Scale (SES). Independent sample t test and variance analysis were used to compare the differences between AN-R group and AN-BP group and differences between the AN group and HC group, and correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between personality traits and AN clinical symptom. Results·The total FMPS score of the AN group was significantly higher than that of the HC group (P=0.044), and the total score of SES was significantly lower than that of the HC group (P=0.000). The total score of FMPS, non-adaptive dimension score, BIS-11 total score, attentional impulse score, motor impulse score, and unplanned impulse score in the AN-BP group were significantly higher than those in the AN-R group (all P<0.05). Compared with the AN-R group, AN-BP group had significantly lower organization (adaptive dimension) score and SES total score (all P<0.05). The severity of clinical symptoms of AN (EDE-Q 6.0 total score and subscale scores) was positively correlated with perfectionism (FMPS total score) and impulsivity (BIS-11 total score), and negatively correlated with self-esteem (SES total score) (all P=0.000). Conclusion·Patients with AN have perfectionism and low self-esteem. The patients with AN-BP have more perfectionism, high impulsivity and low self-esteem, while the patients with AN-R show low impulsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Removal of oil from the oil–water mixture (O–W mixture) or oil-in-water emulsions (O/W emulsion) is highly imperative. We have fabricated two series of polymer grafted iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanospheres. The oil removal efficiency of the nanospheres was found to be dependent on the grafted amount of polymers. The polystyrene grafted Fe 3 O 4 nanospheres have shown better oil removal efficiency than the corresponding poly(butyl acrylate) grafted Fe 3 O 4 nanospheres. The higher amount of grafted polystyrene can provide more hydrophobic character to FS series nanospheres. The FS series nanospheres exhibited higher oil-absorption capability than FB series nanospheres. Both the series of nanospheres can be recycled by simple washing method. The present results can pave the way to fabricate the robust materials for efficient absorption of various oils or organic solvents from both the oil–water mixture and oil–water emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]