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Taiwan is not only inhabited by ethnic Chinese, as many who are not so familiar with this island might think; it also has a substantial number of aboriginal peoples who have lived on the island for millennia, long before the Chinese, Europeans and finally the Japanese colonisers arrived. The aboriginal peoples of Taiwan are Austronesian, with linguistic and genetic ties to ethnic groups found in the Pacific nations of the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Zealand, the islands of Oceania, and also on Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. This article looks at some of the challenges faced by this indigenous population, due in large part to the ethnic or racial prejudice of the Taiwanese which was reinforced by the national government. It also examines recent curriculum reforms and the educational discourses that reject racism and affirm the ideals of ethnic and cultural freedom and equality, thereby exemplifying moral education in the truest sense.

This paper investigates the transformation in the Zhou dynasty China (1046-256 BC) of the concept of education in relation to the process of social selection, which concerns the distribution both of knowledge and of social ranks. An approach in terms of historical semantics, mainly influenced by Luhmannian sociological theory with some reference to Koselleck, will place the focus on social change and the changing meaning of concepts. The analysed sources include archaeological evidence and passages from traditional classics. The paper will show how the semantics of education were closely tied to the changing principles of social selection and the changing Chinese cultural concept of "Tian" (Heaven).

Here the author takes "ren"-humanity to be, as Confucius says, an underlying, ineffable, potentially universal human quality, and draws a distinction between three different types of moral capacity in the "Lunyu": the man of "ren's" capacity for "li"-proper interactions, his capacity for total reciprocity with another, and his capacity to make moral discriminations. The nature of these moral judgments is then discussed in relation to the praxis of entering into "shu"-reciprocity with another and that of recognizing others' actions as being "li"-proper. A key question is that of whether even an intuitive feeling of commonality, if not identity, with another man-of-"ren" involves a subjective judgment. Confucius' view that foreigners can respect "ren" even if they may not possess it is also discussed. The author suggests that any viable ethical model would need to maintain a universal standard of humaneness while also including a maximum degree of openness to the other.

This paper first provides an overview of the topics featured in China's "Educational Journal" in the period 1909-1948, in order to sketch briefly the history of that country's pattern of selection from among various modes of foreign educational thought. It becomes clear that, in each case, China absorbed from outside only those ideas that could fit with its own traditional forms of educational thinking, and that for this reason it tended to oscillate between turning toward the outside world for new ideas and drawing back into itself to reflect on its own educational culture, policies and institutions. The paper then interprets this dynamic in terms of Niklas Luhmann's theory of self-reference. In Luhmann's social systems theory, any system defines, identifies or constitutes itself at each (in this case historical) moment in relation to another system by absorbing from that other system only what it perceives as being compatible with its own inner organisation, or (as Luhmann puts it) by always absorbing the "difference" between what already lies within it (e.g. traditional Chinese culture, values and ideas) and what lies outside it (e.g. the culture, values and ideas of the West, with which China found itself already inevitably interconnected). (Contains 5 figures and 32 footnotes.)

Objective: This study aims to explore the role of SH2D3A in cervical cancer, as well as its potential interaction with human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 and microRNA (miRNA)., Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to compare the expressions of SH2D3A in tissues. To assess the effects of SH2D3A on cervical cancer cell phenotypes, SH2D3A was knocked down in SiHa and HeLa cells, followed by cell proliferation (Cell Counting Kit-8 assay), apoptosis (flow cytometry), and invasion (Transwell assay) analyses. A transplantation tumor model was established to compare the tumorigenic ability of cervical cancer cells before and after SH2D3A silencing. Bioinformatics analysis predicted and dual-luciferase reporter assays verified the sponge adsorption effect of SH2D3A on miRNA. Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses were conducted to examine the impact on target genes following the downregulation of HPV E7 and SH2D3A., Results: SH2D3A expression was significantly elevated in cervical cancer tissues. SH2D3A silencing inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, induced apoptosis, and reduced tumorigenesis in nude mice. Bioinformatics tools identified a binding relationship between SH2D3A and miR-143-3p, confirmed by the luciferase reporter assays. Western blot analysis revealed that SH2D3A knockdown led to decreased levels of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) proteins. Additionally, qRT-PCR showed that SH2D3A mRNA levels decreased after HPV E7 silencing, whereas miR-143-3p levels significantly increased., Conclusion: HPV E7 influences SH2D3A expression through miR-143-3p, thereby regulating the JAK1/STAT3 pathway. This mechanism promotes the occurrence and development of cervical cancer., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (© 2025. Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology, Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology, and Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology.)