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Connectivity among two or more communication nodes forms the basic network for cross-domain information exchange. The communication nodes that represent actual operational scenarios are identified, and the efficiency of a proposed multi-tier network is examined by performing link budget analysis and simulation to determine network parameters. The research results suggest that the capability of the UAV cruising at a one-kilometer and six-kilometer altitude plays a vital role in the transmission and redistribution of information and channel availability. Civilian, Ministry of Defense, Singapore Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Systems Engineering Capstone Project Report The ability to communicate and transmit targeting data via the electromagnetic spectrum is crucial to the Navy's ability to fight. However, in recent years, potential adversaries have significantly advanced their electronic warfare capabilities, obtaining an ability to interfere with the Navy's use of the electromagnetic spectrum during operations in contested environments. SEA23 investigates concepts of operation focusing on future potential electromagnetic-spectrum warfighting capabilities in the 2025Ð2030 timeframe. Specifically, we explore these capabilities using modular unmanned and manned platforms capable of carrying communications and data suites to enable cross-domain targeting information in support of tactical offensive operations in a contested, denied, degraded, intermittent, and limited-bandwidth environment. This project focuses on developing a system-of-systems architecture and analyzing alternatives to provide potential solutions while developing the associated concepts of operation. We recommend an architecture based on Link 16 and organic rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicles to transfer sensor to shooter data in demanding and contested environments. http://archive.org/details/unmannedsystemsi1094549381 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

In Hong Kong, mental health care has traditionally focused on the individual and the concept of considering the family as the unit of care is relatively new. The purpose of this article is to describe the process of planning, implementing, and evaluating a family systems nursing project in a psychiatric setting in Hong Kong. Psychiatric nurses ( N = 110) participated in seminars focusing on family systems nursing concepts and individuals and families suffering from mental illness. The Calgary Family Assessment Model and the Calgary Family Intervention Model formed the framework for practice. Significant changes were found both in the nurses' critical appraisal of their clinical practice related to family systems nursing and in their reflections on the reciprocity in their nurse/family relationships. In addition, hospital-wide systems outcomes were noted. This project appears to demonstrate that a family systems nursing approach is relevant for psychiatric nurses caring for Chinese individuals and their families suffering from mental illness.