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Manipulation of solid-state spin coherence is an important paradigm for quantum information processing. Current systems either operate at very low temperatures or are difficult to scale-up. Developing low-cost, scalable materials whose spins can be coherently manipulated at room temperature is thus highly-attractive for a sustainable future of quantum information science. Here we report ambient-condition all-optical initialization, manipulation and readout of single-hole spins in an ensemble of solution-grown CsPbBr3 perovskite QDs. Single-hole spins are obtained by sub-picosecond electron scavenging following a circularly-polarized femtosecond-pulse excitation. A transversal magnetic field induces spin precession, and a second off-resonance femtosecond-pulse coherently rotates hole spins via strong light-matter interaction. These operations accomplish nearly complete quantum-state control of single-hole spins at room temperature.

Coherent interaction between matter and periodic light field induces both optical Stark effect (OSE) and Bloch-Siegert shift (BSS). Observing the BSS has been historically challenging, not only because it is weak but it is often accompanied by a much stronger OSE. Herein, by controlling the light helicity, we can largely restrict the OSE and BSS to different spin-transitions in CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots, achieving room-temperature BSS as strong as 4 meV with near-infrared pulses. The ratio between the BSS and OSE magnitudes is however systematically higher than the prediction by the non-interacting, quasi-particle picture. With a model that explicitly accounts for excitonic effects, we quantitatively reproduce the experimental observations. This model depicts a unified physical picture of the interplay between the OSE, biexcitonic OSE and BSS in low-dimensional materials displaying strong many-body interactions, forming the basis for the implementation of these effects to information processing, optical modulation and Floquet engineering.

Anisotropic exchange-splitting in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) results in bright-exciton fine-structure-splitting (FSS) important for quantum information processing. Direct measurement of FSS usually requires single/few QDs at liquid-helium temperatures, because of its sensitivity to QD size and shape, whereas measuring and controlling FSS at an ensemble-level seem to be impossible unless all the dots are made to be nearly the same. Here we report strong bright-exciton FSS up to 1.6 meV in solution-processed CsPbI3 perovskite QDs, manifested as quantum beats in ensemble-level transient absorption at liquid-nitrogen to room temperatures. The splitting is robust to QD size and shape heterogeneity, and increases with decreasing temperature, pointing towards a mechanism associated with orthorhombic distortion of perovskite lattice. Effective-mass-approximation calculations reveal an intrinsic "fine-structure gap" that agrees well with the observed FSS. This gap stems from an avoided crossing of bright-excitons confined in orthorhombically-distorted QDs that are bounded by the pseudocubic {100} family of planes.

Colloidal cadmium chalcogenide nanoplates are two-dimensional semiconductors that have shown great application prospect for light-emitting technologies. Self-trapped state (STS), a special localized state originated from strong electron-phonon coupling (EPC), has great potential in one-step white light luminance owing to its broadband emission linewidth. However, achieving STS in cadmium chalcogenide nanocrystals is extremely challenging due to their intrinic weak EPC nature. By building hybrid superlattice (SL) structures via self-assembly of colloidal CdSe nanoplates (NPLs), we demonstrated an emergence of zone-folded longnitude acoustic phonons (ZFLAP) differ from monodispersed NPLs, and observed a broadband STS emission in spectra range of 450-600 nm. Through femtosecond transient absorption and impulsive vibrational spectroscopy, we revealed that STS is generated in time scale of ~500 fs and is driven by strong coupling of excitons and ZFLAPs with Huang-Rhys parameter as large as ~22.7. Our findings provide a new avenue for generating and manipulating STS emission by artificially designing and building hybrid periodic structures superior to single material optimization., Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures

In Smart Grid applications, as the number of deployed electric smart meters increases, massive amounts of valuable meter data is generated and collected every day. To enable reliable data collection and make business decisions fast, high throughput storage and high-performance analysis of massive meter data become crucial for grid companies. Considering the advantage of high efficiency, fault tolerance, and price-performance of Hadoop and Hive systems, they are frequently deployed as underlying platform for big data processing. However, in real business use cases, these data analysis applications typically involve multidimensional range queries (MDRQ) as well as batch reading and statistics on the meter data. While Hive is high-performance at complex data batch reading and analysis, it lacks efficient indexing techniques for MDRQ. In this paper, we propose DGFIndex, an index structure for Hive that efficiently supports MDRQ for massive meter data. DGFIndex divides the data space into cubes using the grid file technique. Unlike the existing indexes in Hive, which stores all combinations of multiple dimensions, DGFIndex only stores the information of cubes. This leads to smaller index size and faster query processing. Furthermore, with pre-computing user-defined aggregations of each cube, DGFIndex only needs to access the boundary region for aggregation query. Our comprehensive experiments show that DGFIndex can save significant disk space in comparison with the existing indexes in Hive and the query performance with DGFIndex is 2-50 times faster than existing indexes in Hive and HadoopDB for aggregation query, 2-5 times faster than both for non-aggregation query, 2-75 times faster than scanning the whole table in different query selectivity., Comment: 12 pages, VLDB 2014