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The regional differences in socioeconomic and resource endowments lead to significant spatial heterogeneity of farmland conversion. It is the basis for optimizing the allocation of land resources to carry out non-agricultural pressure measurement and reveal its spatio-temporal evolution pattern. In this paper, the evaluation index system of farmland non-agricultural pressure is constructed from four aspects (economic factors, social factors, industrial structure and resource endowment). The entropy method is used to calculate the weight of each index, and then calculate the farmland non-agricultural pressure in China from 1990 to 2014. Then based on this, the spatio-temporal pattern of farmland non-agricultural pressure is analyzed. The results show: (1) From the point of view of the spatial, the spatial distribution of farmland non-agricultural pressure shows a clear gradient, which shows a decreasing trend from east to west in general. (2) From the temporal perspectives, the change of farmland non-agricultural pressure in different provinces show diversified trend. In eastern China, the pressure of farmland in Shandong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu were on the rise, while the pressure of farmland in Shanghai and Fujian gradually became stable. The pressure index of Guangdong showed a downward trend. The non-agricultural pressure index in the central regions, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi and Jiangxi stabilized, and Shaanxi, Hubei, Sichuan and Chongqing were on the rise. The non-agricultural pressure of cultivated land in the three western provinces (Yunnan, Tibet and Xinjiang) showed a consistent downward trend. (3) From the combination of spatio-temporal patterns, the changing trend of farmland non-agricultural pressure shows a different trend. In the areas with larger non-agricultural pressure, the conversion of farmland experienced a stage from the system-driven to the development-impetus. The U-shaped trajectory of economic growth was obvious. The relationship between economic growth and farmland conversion was gradually decoupled. Conversely the areas with less pressure, the development of the industry is lagging behind, and land comparative income is low. Then the social security function and the ecological effect of farmland have great impact on the conversion of farmland, thus affecting the non-agricultural change of farmland in some provinces.