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Simple Summary: Breast cancer is a highly malignant tumor that threatens the health of women worldwide, with extremely high morbidity and mortality. The study of the related genes that affect the occurrence and development of breast cancer can provide more clinical evidence for its prevention and treatment. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors are a class of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription factors discovered in 1990 that can regulate the transcription of many genes involved in various cellular physiological processes. The dysregulation of these physiological processes is highly correlated with the occurrence of various diseases, including malignant tumors. Additionally, a large number of reports have indicated that the transcriptional regulation function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and its abnormal expression are related to breast cancer. This article summarizes the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their different ligands in the progression of breast cancer since their discovery by searching relevant literature. The purpose of this review is to regard peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors as the new targets for the prevention of breast cancer and to incorporate their ligands into the new evidence for clinical drug combination therapy, especially for high-recurrence triple-negative breast cancer. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and lethality. Its pathogenesis is related to the abnormal expression of many genes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of ligand-dependent transcription factors in the nuclear receptor superfamily. They can regulate the transcription of a large number of target genes, which are involved in life activities such as cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis, and regulate physiological processes such as glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and wound healing. Further, the changes in its expression are associated with various diseases, including breast cancer. The experimental reports related to "PPAR" and "breast cancer" were retrieved from PubMed since the discovery of PPARs and summarized in this paper. This review (1) analyzed the roles and potential molecular mechanisms of non-coordinated and ligand-activated subtypes of PPARs in breast cancer progression; (2) discussed the correlations between PPARs and estrogen receptors (ERs) as the nuclear receptor superfamily; and (3) investigated the interaction between PPARs and key regulators in several signaling pathways. As a result, this paper identifies PPARs as targets for breast cancer prevention and treatment in order to provide more evidence for the synthesis of new drugs targeting PPARs or the search for new drug combination treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author(s): Huijian Wu [1]; Yupeng Chen [1]; Jing Liang [1]; Bin Shi [1]; Ge Wu [1]; Ying Zhang [1]; Dan Wang [1]; Ruifang Li [1]; Xia Yi [1]; Hua Zhang [...]

Background: Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4) has significant role in modulating autoimmune diseases (ADs) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is also related with the susceptibility to some diseases. So a meta-analysis aimed at systematically assessing the associations between TNFSF4 polymorphisms (rs2205960 G > A, rs704840 T > G and rs844648 G > A) and ADs risk was performed in Asians. Methods: Total 14 eligible articles published before March 2019 involving 35 studies, of which 21 studies (16,109 cases and 26,378 controls) for rs2205960 G > A, 8 studies (2,424 cases and 3,692 controls) for rs704840 T > G, and 6 studies (3,839 cases and 5,867 controls) for rs844648 G > A were included. Effects of the three respective polymorphisms on the susceptibility to ADs were estimated by pooling the odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in allelic, dominant, recessive, heterozygous and homozygous models. Results: The overall analysis revealed that all the rs2205960 G > A, rs704840 T > G and rs844648 G > A polymorphisms could increase the risk of ADs in allelic, dominant, recessive, heterozygous and homozygous models. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed that both rs2205960 G > A and rs704840 T > G were significantly associated with the susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). What's more, statistically significant association between rs2205960 G > A polymorphism and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) susceptibility was also observed in allelic, dominant and heterozygous models. Conclusions: This current meta-analysis suggested that all of the three TNFSF4 polymorphisms may be associated with ADs susceptibility in Asians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]