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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as one kind of the most highly oxidizing oxidants, are difficult to generate and utilize in the natural light conditions, since many materials require external strong stimuli for ROS release to be effective as pollutant degradation or biocide. In this work, we surprisingly found the ROS generation on MIL‐100(Fe)/TiO2 driven by mild natural light. Then ROS generation patterns and mechanism was revealed by chemiluminescence (CL) and density functional theory (DFT). Meanwhile, rhodamine B (RhB) can also be removed by MIL‐100(Fe)/TiO2 under natural light, which further evidence the ROS generation under the natural light. This work provides a new direction for spontaneously generating ROS releasing without external strong stimuli and has the broad potential applications in the field of pollutant degradation or antimicrobials under natural conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor photocatalysis has become an increasing area of interest for use in water treatment methods. This review systematically presents the recent developments of emerging semiconductor photocatalysis system and their application in the removal of water pollutants. A brief overview of the semiconductor photocatalysis mechanism involved with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is provided first. Then a detailed explanation of the development of TiO2-based, g-C3N4-based, and bismuth-based semiconductor materials and their applications in the degradation of water pollutants are highlighted with recent illustrative examples. Furthermore, the future prospects of semiconductor photocatalysis for water treatment are critically analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prognostic value of the genotype of the PRSS1 gene in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the PRSS1 genotype and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with PDAC, as well as to explore the prognostic significance of the PRSS1 genotype in patients with PDAC. A total of 124 patients with PDAC patients were included in the current study and the PRSS1 genotype of the enrolled patients was determined by the polymerase chain reaction. Associations between the PRSS1 genotype and clinicopathological characteristics were subsequently analyzed using the Chi-square test. The impact of the PRSS1 genotype on patient prognosis was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and predictive factors of overall survival (OS) time were analyzed by Cox regression. A total of 56 patients with PDAC (45.16%) had the T/C PRSS1 genotype, which was associated with large tumor sizes (P=0.027) and higher tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages (P=0.041). Following a median follow-up of 19 months, the T/C genotype of PRSS1 genotype was associated with a shorter OS time (P=0.037) compared with the C/C or T/T PRSS1 genotypes. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that PRSS1 genotype was identified to be an independent prognostic factor for the OS time of patients with PDAC. The results obtained in the current study suggested that the PRSS1 genotype, as well as factors such as the serum level of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and the TNM stage, may act as independent prognostic factors for the OS time of patients with PDAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The atomic structure of the Si(111)- (&radic3; × &radic3;)R30°-Ga surface has been studied by comparing measured low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) intensity (IV) curves with calculated IV spectra using the method of automated tensor LEED. The experimental LEED IV curves used in this work contain many beams and a wide energy range. The results show that the Ga atoms occupy T[sub 4] sites, at 2.62 Å above the second-atomic-layer Si atoms. The Ga-Si vertical spacing is 1.44 Å and the bond length between the Ga atom and the first-layer Si atom is 2.52 Å. Large bucklings are found in the first and second Si bilayers below the adatom layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]