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The purpose of this study was to study the genetic mechanism of low hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content. The segregation of HCN content trait in fresh stems and leaves was determined in the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)--sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf) hybrid [F.sub.2] population (N = 1200), also used to detect a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for HCN content. Our hypothesis was that the additive effect of QTL was negative, showing that QTL was associated with low HCN. In the present research, a total of 11 simple sequence repeats (SSR) polymorphic primers were screened, and four SSR markers associated with low HCN content were developed based on the bulked segregant analysis method. A high-resolution genetic linkage group of the previously known qPA7-1 locus of the low HCN trait was constructed by analyzing different populations, families, and recombinants. Then, the QTL qPA7-1 of sorghum--sudangrass hybrid was fine-mapped to a 203.6 kb region between markers SORBI4G4-120 and SORBI4G4-680, and seven candidate genes for low HCN were predicted in this region based on sequence comparison with the sorghum reference genome. According to gene annotation, the candidate genes related to low HCN content may be different from those involved in the known regulation mode of sorghum dhurrin biosynthesis and metabolism. Key words: sorghum--sudangrass hybrid, low hydrocyanic acid, QTL qPA7-1, fine mapping, candidate genes Le but de cette etude etait d'examiner le determinisme genetique de la faible teneur en cyanure d'hydrogene (HCN). La segregation pour la teneur en HCN chez les tiges et feuilles fraiches a ete determinee au sein d'une population [F.sub.2] ( N = 1200) issue d'un croisement interspecifique sorgho ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)--sorgho du Soudan ( Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf) ; ces memes donnees ont aussi ete employees pour detecter un QTL pour ce caractere. L'hypothese des auteurs etait que l'efet additif du QTL etait negatif, montrant que le QTL etait associe a une faible teneur en HCN. Dans le present travail, 11 marqueurs microsatellites (SSR) ont ete examines et quatre marqueurs SSR se sont reveles associes a la faible teneur en HCN par le biais d'une analyse BSA (<< bulked segregant analysis >>). Une carte genetique a haute resolution de la region qPA1-7 , deja connue comme etant associee a une faible teneur en HCN, a ete produite en analysant diferentes populations, familles et recombinants. Ensuite, le QTL qPA1-7 au sein de cet hybride sorgho--sorgho du Soudan a ete cartographie finement et logeait au sein d'un intervalle de 203,6 kb entre les marqueurs SORBI4G4-120 et SORBI4G4-680. Au sein de cette region, sept genes candidats pour la faible teneur en HCN ont ete predits sur la base de la comparaison de sequences avec le genome de reference du sorgho. Selon l'annotation de ces genes, il semblerait que les genes candidats impliques dans cette faible teneur en HCN seraient diferents de ceux impliques dans le mode connu de regulation de la synthese et du metabolisme de la dhurrine chez le sorgho. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : hybride sorgho--sorgho du Soudan, faible teneur en cyanure d'hydrogene, QTL qPA7-1, cartographie fine, genes candidats, Introduction Sorghum--sudangrass hybrid is an annual grass of the genus Sorghum in the Poaceae family, which is derived from the cross between sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, 2n = 2x [...]

Ensuring road safety is heavily reliant on the effective maintenance of vehicles. Accurate predictions of maintenance requirements can substantially reduce ownership costs for vehicle owners. Consequently, this field has attracted increasing attention from researchers in recent years. However, existing studies primarily focus on predicting a limited number of maintenance needs, predominantly based solely on vehicle mileage and driving time. This approach often falls short, as it does not comprehensively monitor the overall health condition of vehicles, thus posing potential safety risks. To address this issue, we propose a deep fusion network model that utilizes multi-source data, including vehicle maintenance record data and vehicle base information data, to provide comprehensive predictions for vehicle maintenance projects. To capture the relationships among various maintenance projects, we create a correlation representation using the maintenance project co-occurrence matrix. Furthermore, building on the correlation representation, we propose a deep fusion network that employs the attention mechanism to efficiently merge vehicle mileage and vehicle base information. Experiments conducted on real data demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed model relative to competitive baseline models in predicting vehicle maintenance projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the stress distribution within the cell wall layers and the microstructural response under high-intensity microwave (HIMW) treatment were investigated. Finite-element models were developed for both single tracheid and multicellular structures, considering the influence of the saturated vapour pressure. The findings showed uniform vapour pressure caused expansion and deformation of the tracheid layers, with the radial wall deforming slightly more than the tangential wall due to differences in microfibril angle (MFA) and elastic properties. Despite its thinness, the S3 layer, with a wide MFA, played a pivotal role in supporting the saturated vapour pressure within the cell lumen under HIMW treatment, effectively constraining lateral cell-wall deformation. In contrast, the S2 layer, being the thickest, exhibited lower lateral elasticity and sustained damage at the interfaces with the S3 and S1 layers during the expansion and recovery stages. The multicellular simulation demonstrated that earlywood cells experienced larger deformations than latewood cells and revealed a negative correlation between the cell-wall thickness and deformation. The simulation results were validated through the microscopic analysis of the wood topography after HIMW treatment. The findings of this study provide significant insights into understanding the microstructural deformation of wood under HIMW treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary fiber (DF) is an important nutrient component in pig's diet that remarkably influences their growth and slaughter performance. The ability of pigs to digest DF depends on the microbial composition of the intestinal tract, particularly in the hindgut. However, studies on how DF alters the growth and slaughter performance of pigs by shaping the gut microbial composition and metabolites are still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of DF on microbial composition, functions, and metabolites, ultimately altering host growth and slaughter performance using Durco × Bamei crossbred pigs supplemented with 0%, 10%, 17%, and 24% broad bean silage in the basic diet. We found that the final weight, average daily gain, fat, and lean meat weight significantly decreased with increasing DF. Pigs with the lowest slaughter rate and fat weight were observed in the 24% fiber-supplemented group. Gut microbial communities with the highest alpha diversity were formed in the 17% fiber group. The relative abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria, bile acid, and succinate-producing bacteria, including Prevotella sp., Bacteroides sp., Ruminococcus sp., and Parabacteroides sp., and functional pathways, including the butanoate metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle, significantly increased in the high-fiber groups. The concentrations of several bile acids significantly decreased in the fiber-supplemented groups, whereas the concentrations of succinate and long-chain fatty acids increased. Our results indicate that a high-fiber diet may alter the growth and slaughter performance of Durco × Bamei crossbred pigs by modulating the composition of Prevotella sp., Bacteroides sp., Ruminococcus sp., Parabacteroides sp., and metabolite pathways of bile acids and succinate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problem of strong fluctuation of control signal in the existing active disturbance rejection control algorithm for air speed regulation of mine local ventilator, which causes shock and vibration of frequency converter and motor, an improved active disturbance rejection control algorithm was proposed. The algorithm uses an improved method combining the arctangent function and the power function, the arctangent function enhances the linearity of control algorithm, ensures better smoothness at the origin of the function, and the power function guarantees the tracking speed of the control algorithm, and speed up the convergence of the control algorithm. The improved active disturbance rejection control algorithm is applied to the air speed regulation of mine local ventilator. The voltage signal processed by the control algorithm is used as the input signal of inverter of the local ventilator, and output frequency signal changes the speed of the asynchronous motor, so as to realize the dynamic adjustment of air speed of the local ventilator.The simulation results show that the improved active disturbance rejection control algorithm has obvious improvement in control speed and anti-interference ability compared with the existing PID control algorithm and active disturbance rejection control algorithm, which can adjust the air speed of local ventilator rapidly and stably.

Automobile fault diagnosis is the most technical content in automobile maintenance. The speed, accuracy and convenience of diagnosis directly affect the maintenance efficiency. Automobile fault diagnosis information is an important reference for finding and solving automobile faults. High quality information is the key to improve technical personnel's judgment and solving faults. In this paper, the methods and examples of fault diagnosis information compilation are given to guide the technical data writers to compile effective fault diagnosis information for automobiles.

Bamei pigs, an eximious local breed reared on the Tibetan Plateau of China, are facing problems such as feed shortages, weaning stress, and antibiotic abuse. This study aimed to improve the quality of feed, growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and immunity of Bamei pigs through feeding with potentially probiotic-fermented feed. Different feeds were administered to weaned Bamei piglets for 60 days, creating the following five experimental treatment groups: basal feed group; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-fermented-feed group; Bacillus subtilis-fermented-feed group; mixed-fermented-feed group; and antibiotic-supplemented-feed group. The results showed that the pH, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber of the potentially probiotic-fermented feeds were significantly reduced; organic acids were produced; and Coliform bacteria, Clostridium, and aerobic bacteria were effectively inhibited. Feeding with potentially probiotic-fermented feed not only reduced the feed-conversion ratio but also improved immunity by increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and typical inflammatory pathways. The 16s rDNA high-throughput-sequencing results showed that probiotic-fermented feed improved the diversity of intestinal microbiota, inhibited the growth of the opportunistic pathogens Clostridium and Streptococcus, increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella, and promoted gut health, demonstrating the promising application prospects of potentially probiotic-fermented feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]