Search

Philosophy of technology experienced the engineering tradition of technological defense and the humanistic tradition of technological criticism,and it turned to empiricism in the late 1960 s. After over 100 years of development, the sequence of basic issues on technological philosophy has been formed and technological artifact has become the research subject in the process of development. Studies on technological artifact,which represent the experiential tradition of technological philosophy,have been deep into the structure-function relationships. To analyze philosophy of technology calls for both experience and logic;however,the logic is not a deductive one in philosophy of science but practice reasoning with practical features. Philosophy of technology is currently moving toward logic-experience and logic-experience analysis serves as a significant research approach to make philosophy of technology philosophical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanopowders have been successfully synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal route under soft-chemistry conditions (150°, 8 h) without high-temperature calcination using seven different types of nitrogen dopants: methylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, triethylamine, triethanolamine and ammonia. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyse the as-synthesized TiO2 powders. The results indicated that nitrogen was doped effectively and the structure and morphology of the titania samples were strongly influenced by the nitrogen sources. Among the investigated nitrogen sources, the diethylamine system was clearly superior to the other small-molecule amine or ammonia systems due to the broad-spectrum response (between 400 and 700 nm) of the interstitial nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanopowders. The diethylamine N-doped TiO2 had the largest pore volume (0.39 ml • g-1) and showed a well-aligned anatase phase. The visible-light photocatalytic degradation of liquid X-3B used as a probe reaction demonstrated that the removal rate over the diethylamine material reached 99.7% in 90 min. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Phenomenology is nowadays an important academic campaign and also a methodology for research. All phenomenologists make much of the pioneering effect of natural sciences on phenomenology. Quantum mechanics, as the research frontier of contemporary natural sciences, is of far reaching importance to several major the phenomenological concepts such as phenomena, intuition, micro-phenomenon itself, ego and objects, thus extending their original senses to a certain degree. Scientific instruments are necessary to make quantum phenomena intuitive, and the probability amplitude as a scientific jargon is indispensable for describing electron itself. It is impossible to frame an objective world just in accordance to the primitivity of ego. The objects or entities which the sciences depend upon still exist just like Noema is always within Noesis after phenomenological reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon monoxide (CO), an endogenous signaling molecule in animals, also provides potent cytoprotective effects including attenuation of lung lipid peroxidation induced by oxidant in the mouse. Our recent work demonstrated that 0.01 μmol/L hematin (a CO donor) treatment of wheat plants alleviated salt-induced oxidative damage in seedling leaves. In this report, we further discovered that hematin pretreatment (≤0.1 μmol/L) could delay wheat leaf chlorophyll loss mediated by further treatment of H2O2 and paraquat, two reactive oxygen species (ROS) sources, in dose- and even time-dependent manners. Also, compared with the control samples, seedling leaves pretreated with 0.01 or 0.1 μmol/L hematin for 24 h exhibited lower levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, as well as higher contents of chlorophyll and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Such beneficial effects exerted by hematin were mimicked by the pretreatment of antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and differentially reversed when CO scavenger hemoglobin (Hb), or CO specific synthetic inhibitor ZnPPIX was added, respectively. Taken together, the results presented in this paper directly illustrate for the first time that CO is able to strongly protect plants from oxidative damage caused by the overproduction of ROS, and strengthens the evidence that CO is a potent antioxidant in various abiotic and biotic stresses, as similar results have been shown in animal tissues. (Handling editor: Jianhua Zhang) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/electrostatic field orbit trap combined-type mass spectrometry(UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) was used to analyze the main active components of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction(HQGZ). A total of 50 active components were identified from HQGZ and 108 potential targets of the components related to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were retrieved based on network pharmacology, including 87 key targets, followed by Gene Ontology(GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment of the targets. The result indicated that HQGZ may exert therapeutic effects mainly through the sphingolipid signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signaling pathway, as well as the positive regulation of ribonucleic acid(RNA) polymerase Ⅱ promoter transcription, inflammatory response and other biological processes. At the same time, cell experiment was performed to verify the key proteins in the TNF signaling pathway. The results demonstrated that HQGZ significantly reduced the expression of caspase-3(CASP3), TNF, relaxed(RELA) protein, and IkappaB kinase beta(IKBKB) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes induced by TNF-α. The results of UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, network pharmacology and cell experiment showed that the active components in HQGZ may inhibit inflammatory response and regulate immune function and cell apoptosis by modulating key proteins in TNF signaling pathway to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

National-level famous traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) doctor Professor Fan Yong-sheng has high-level accomplishments in the treatment of arthralgia. According to clinical diagnosis and dialectic,TCM with appropriate medicinal properties were flexibly applied,with a remarkable efficacy. Especially in the application of insect drugs,he has accumulated abundant clinical experience.According to the main syndromes of arthralgia and pathogenic site,patient' s constitution,Scorpio,Scolopendra,Pheretima,Vespae Nidus,Bombyx Batryticatus,Manis Squama,Bungarus Parvus,Zaocys,Agkistrodon,Cicadae Periostracum,Aspongopus,Eupolyphaga Steleophaga,Silkworm Sand were properly selected. Attention was also paid to the compatibility between insect drugs and antirheumatic drugs,blood-activating drugs and tonifying drugs. In the premise of safe and effective application in the treatment of arthralgia,insect drugs show such efficacies as antipyretic,activating collaterals and relieving pain.

Objective: To discuss arthroscopic technique of double-root line double tunnel fixation for tibial intercondylar ridge avulsion fracture and its short-term followvup observational results., Methods: From May 2012 to June 2017, 21 cases of tibial intercondylar ridge avulsion fractures were treated with arthroscope double line double tunnel. Among the patients, 16 males and 5 females were ranging in age from 17 to 45 years old, with an average of 29.6 years old, and injury to surgery time 3 to 6 days, with an average of 3.6 days. All the patients underwent arthroscopic exploration, fracture reduction, double root line fixation. The knee function was assessed at 3 and 6 months postoperatively using the Lysholm knee score, and the healing and resection of the patients were followed by X-ray examination., Results: All patients were followed up for 7 to 23 months, with an average of 12.8 months. All patients after fracture were bone healing, knee activity were gained their previous normal levels (ranged, 0° to 130 °), and no limb dysfunction. The average scores of Lysholm knee were(93.52±7.10) and(95.95±6.34) points in 3 months and 6 months after operation., Conclusions: Arthroscopic treatment of tibial intercondylar ridge avulsion fractures with double root line is simple and reliable, and can provide an ideal internal fixation method for tibial intercondylar ridge avulsion fractures., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2018 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Gastrointestinal failure is a kind of severe systemic inflammatory response, and often complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine have a better curative effect in treating it. This study collected the famous veteran TCM physician Yu Guoyou's 175 prescriptions for treating 89 cases of gastrointestinal failure, calculated the frequency of traditional Chinese medicines and their categories, and analyzed the medication regularity with system clustering method, so as to summarize Yu's frequently used drugs and prescriptions. The results showed the top three most frequently used drugs aremagnolia bark, bitter orange, and rhubarb, which are components of Xiaochengqi decoction; Among the traditional Chinese medicines, medicines of tonifying deficiency, regulating qi, clearing heat, eliminating phlegm and dissipating dampness are most commonly used. Among the tonic medicines, those for tonifying Qi accounted for 2/3, which was the largest proportion; At the same time, some new prescriptions and new drug combinations were excavated and could be used as the reference for clinical medication. According to the findings, when differentiating syndromes of gastrointestinal failure, Yu regards the spleen and stomach Qi deficiency as the root cause and the heat toxin, blood stasis, Qi stagnation and dampness as the symptoms. In the treatment of gastrointestinal function failure, Yu gives priority to strengthening spleen, regulating Qi and purgation, prescribes medicines for dissolving blood stasis and detoxication, dissipating dampness, clearing heat and eliminating phlegm according to syndrome types. In other words, the treatment is based on syndrome differentiation, and the prescription is modified according to symptoms. In particular, Yu attaches importance to stomach-Qi recuperation and gastrointestinal function recovery in the process of treatment., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Wound healing is a complex pathophysiological process that occurs frequently in everyday pathology and remains a challenge during the treatment of trauma. Previously, we prepared silver nanoparticle/chitosan oligosaccharide/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA/COS-AgNP) nanofibers via an electrospinning technique. These nanofibers promoted the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and the expression of transforming growth factor TGF-β1 in the early stage of wound repair, although the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, considering that TGF-β1 has emerged as a major modulator of wound healing, the objective of this study was to further understand whether the molecular mechanisms responsible for PVA/COS-AgNP nanofiber-mediated wound healing include the TGF-β1/Smad signal transduction pathway. In this study, we used human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PVA/COSAgNP nanofiber-mediated wound healing. Cell adhesion and proliferation experiments, immunofluorescence staining, hydroxyproline content measurements, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and western blotting (WB) were used to analyze the wound healing mechanisms of human skin fibroblasts treated with various concentrations of PVA/COS-AgNP nanofibers and the combined application of silver nanofibers and SB431542 (an inhibitor of the TGF-β1 receptor kinase). Our study showed that PVA/COS-AgNP nanofibers markedly promoted fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and cell adherence. We also found that treating fibroblasts with PVA/COS-AgNP nanofibers stimulated cell cycle progression from G1 into the S and G2 phases, reducing the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and inducing S and G2/M arrest. Importantly, the cell factors associated with the TGF-β1/Smad signal transduction pathway, such as TGF-β1, TGFβRI, TGFβRII, pSmad2, pSmad3, collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin were also up-regulated. Moreover, this enhancing effect was markedly inhibited by the TGFβRI receptor inhibitor, SB431542. Therefore, the PVA/COS-AgNP nanofibers used to accelerate wound healing do so by activating the TGF-β1/Smad signal transduction pathway.

Wound healing occupies a remarkable place in everyday pathology and remains a challenging clinical problem. In our previous study, we prepared a silver nanoparticle/chitosan oligosaccharide/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA/COS-AgNPs) nanofiber via electrospinning and revealed that it could promote wound healing; however, the healing mechanism remained unknown. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the mechanism underlying the accelerated healing effect of the PVA/COS-AgNPs nanofiber. The TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathway is actively involved in wound healing. Considering the key role of this signaling pathway in wound healing, our preliminary study showed that the TGFβ1 level was significantly increased during the early stage of wound healing. Thus, in this study, hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, immunofluorescent staining, hydroxyproline content, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analyses were used to analyze the wound healing in a rat model treated with gauze, the PVA/COS-AgNPs nanofiber, and the nanofiber plus SB431542 (an inhibitor of TGFβ1 receptor kinase). The results showed that the PVA/COS-AgNPs nanofiber promoted wound healing and upregulated the expression levels of cytokines associated with the TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathway such as TGFβ1, TGFβRI, TGFβRII, collagen I, collagen III, pSmad2, and pSmad3. Inhibiting this pathway with SB431542 resulted in prevention of the PVA/COS-AgNPs nanofiber-associated salutary effects on the early stage of wound healing and relative cytokines expression. In conclusion, the wound healing effect of the PVA/COS-AgNPs nanofiber involves activation of the TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathway.

The ralationship between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and intestinal microecology is increasingly being given more and more attention. Combined with the devolopment of intestinal microecology disciplines, effects of TCM on regulation of intestinal microecology have been gradually explained. Both clinical studies and animal experiments have confirmed that TCM can maintain the balance of intestinal microecology and regulate the intestinal flora. The author arrangemented the documents related to Chinese herbal compound adjusting intestinal flora in the recent ten years, summarized that the Chinese herbal compound which can strength spleen and replenish Qi, relax bowels and regulate Qi, dissipate dampness and check diarrhea, clear away heat and toxic materials, promote digestion and relieve stasis had certain regulation effects on intestinal microecology, providing basis for revealing the TCM essence of intestinal microecology.

Objective: To research the application and clinical effect of titanium elastic nails (TEN) for the treatment of closed clavicular fracture in elder children., Methods: From October 2010 to December 2012,16 elderly children with clavicular fracture of elder children were treated with internal fixation, including 9 boys and 7 girls with an average age of 14.2 yeats old ranging from 9 to 17 years. The mean time between injury and surgery was 2 to 6 days. Thirteen patients had a transverse fractures; 3 patients had a oblique fractures, excluding the long-oblique patients. Neer function score after 3 months follow-up and the shoulder activity degree after 3 weeks followed were compared respectively between the injured side and healthy side. Fracture reduction and healing were followed up by X-rays to analyze internal fixation with TEN technique., Results: All patients were healed well after surgery. There were 2 cases with soft tissue irritation. No cases of infection, TEN broken, delayed healing or skin bursting were observed. All patients were followed up for 3 to 10 months,with an average of 7.2 months. There were no significant differences (t=2.12, P>0.05) between the healthy side (98.75±2.70) and injured side(96.69±6.22)of Neer score at 3 months during followed up. The shoulder activity at 3 weeks during followed up was different between both sides (P<0.05). The intramedullary nail was removed after X-rays at 12-18 weeks during followed up showed good bone healing,and the shoulder function was recovered well., Conclusion: Internal fixation with TEN for the treatment of clavicular fracture has advantages of a limited invasion, beauty, safety and reliability. This technique provides an ideal fixation option for the treatment of clavicular fracture in elder children.

Objective: To observe the effect of Yangyin Yiqi Huoxue Recipe (YYHR) on expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and immune balance of Th1/Th2 in serum and submaxillary glands of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with Sjogren's syndrome (SS), and to explore its mechanisms., Methods: Totally 32 NOD mice were randomly into 4 groups, i.e., the model group, the Chinese medicine group [CM, administered with YYHR at the dose of 0.4 mL by gavage (100 g/kg)], the Western medicine group [WM group, administered with hydroxychloroquine 0.4 mL by gavage (60 mg/kg)], and the combined group [administered with YYHR (50 g/kg) and hydroxychloroquine (60 mg/kg) 0.4 mL by gavage], 8 mice in each group. Eight Balb/C mice were recruited as the normal control group. Mice were sacrificed to withdraw blood after 8 weeks. The submaxillary gland was excised. Serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. Protein expression of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 in submaxillary glands was detected by SP method., Results: Compared with the normal group, levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 in serum and submaxillary glands all increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Levels of IFN-gamma and IL-10 in serum in the CM group and the combined group were lower than those of the WM group (P < 0.05). Serum levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 in submaxillary glands in combined group were lower than those of the WM group (P < 0.05). The ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-4 in serum and submaxillary glands in the model group were higher than that of the rest groups (P < 0.05). Besides, it was the nearest to that of the normal group., Conclusions: YYHR could decrease the levels of Th1 and Th2 related cytokines and the ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-4 in serum and submaxillary glands of NOD mice with SS. It could achieve therapeutic effects through adjusting immune balance of Th1/Th2 in SS mice.

Objective: To observe the effect of nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction on Fas/FasL in salivary glands of NOD mice with Sjogren's syndrome and their mRNA expression., Method: Thirty-two NOD mice were randomly divided into the model group, the traditional Chinese medicine group (TCM group, orally given 0.4 mL nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction as per 100 g x kg(-1) everyday), the hydroxychloroquine group (given 0.4 mL hydroxychloroquine as per 60 mg x kg(-1) everyday), the traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine group (TCM WM group, given nourishing Yin, Strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction 50 g x kg(-1) and hydroxychloroquine 60 mg x kg(-1), 0.4 mL everyday), with eight mice in each group. Eight Balb/C mice were selected as the normal control group (normal group). All of mice were killed after eight weeks, and their submaxillary glands were dissected. The expression levels of Fas/FasL were examined by immunohistochemical method, and the FasL mRNA was detected by RT-PCR., Result: The expression levels of Fas/FasL in salivary glands of the model group were higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of FasL of the normal group was much lower than that in the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05). The relative expression level of Fas mRNA in salivary glands of the model group was higher than that in other groups, but the control group was notably lower than other groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of FasL mRNA in salivary glands of the model group was higher than that in TCM and TCM WM groups (P < 0.05). But the expression level in TCM WM group was notably lower than the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction could down-regulate the expression level of Fas/FasL in salivary glands of NOD mice with Sjogren's syndrome and their mRNA expression, and had a better efficacy after being combined with hydroxychloroquine. The nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction might treat the Sjogren's Syndrome by reducing apoptosis which is regulated by Fas/FasL

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanopowders have been successfully synthesized by a one-step hydrothennal route under soft-chemistry conditions (150 degrees, 8 h) without high-temperature calcination using seven different types of nitrogen dopants: methylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, triethylamine, triethanolamine and ammonia. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption isothenns and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyse the as-synthesized TiO2 powders. The results indicated that nitrogen was doped effectively and the structure and morphology of the titania samples were strongly influenced by the nitrogen sources. Among the investigated nitrogen sources, the diethylamine system was clearly superior to the other small-molecule amine or ammonia systems due to the broad-spectrum response (between 400 and 700 nm) of the interstitial nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanopowders. The diethylamine N-doped TiO2 had the largest pore volume (0.39 ml x g(-1)) and showed a well-aligned anatase phase. The visible-light photocatalytic degradation of liquid X-3B used as a probe reaction demonstrated that the removal rate over the diethylamine material reached 99.7% in 90 min.

Objective: To observe effect of prescriptions replenishing vital essence, tonifying Qi and activating blood on expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-IP (IL-1beta) in serum and submaxillary gland of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with Sjogren's syndrome., Method: Thirty-two NOD mice were divided into four groups at random: the model group, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group, the hydroxychloroquine group, the TCM and western medicine (WM) group, with 8 mice in each group. Eight Balb/C mice were taken as the normal normal control group. The TCM group was orally administered with 0.4 mL decoction replenishing vital essence, tonifying Qi and activating blood (100 g x kg(-1)) everyday; the hydroxychloroquine group were given 0.4 mL hydroxychloroquine (60 mg x kg(-1)) everyday; the TCM WM group were given 0.4 mL decoction, replenishing vital essence tonifying Qi and activating blood (50 g x kg(-1)) and hydroxychloroquine (60 mg x kg(-1)) everyday. Mice were sacrificed after eight weeks, and their arterial blood and tissues of submaxillary gland were collected. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta in serum were detected by ELISA. Expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta protein in submaxillary gland were detected by immunohisto-chemistry., Result: Compared with other groups, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta in serum and submaxillary gland in the model group were higher (P < 0.05). The normal group showed lower serum TNF-alpha level than other groups (P < 0.05), but without statistical significance compared with the TCM group. IL-1beta in serum in the TCM group and the TCM WM group were lower than that of the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05), but without statistical significance compared with the normal group. TNF-alpha protein expression in the TCM group and the TCM WM group showed no significant difference compared with the normal group, whereas the TCM WM group were notably lower than that of the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05). IL-1beta expression in the TCM WM group showed no significant difference compared with the normal group., Conclusion: The decoction replenishing vital essence, tonifying Qi and activating blood can decrease the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta in serum and submaxillary gland of NOD mice with Sjogren's syndrome. It may improve pathological damage of submaxillary gland by regulating Th1/Th2 cell factors, in order to achieve the therapeutic effect on SS.

Objective: To supply evidence for establishing the standard for Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome differentiation by investigating the distribution and characteristics of CM syndromes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)., Methods: 928 NAFLD patients' symptoms, signs, tongue and pulse parameters were studied by clinical epidemiologic survey. And the results were analyzed by the cluster analysis and factor analysis., Results: The results of cluster analysis showed that the CM syndrome typings of fatty liver patients were mainly classified as dampness heat accumulation, Pi deficiency with dampness phlegm, Gan-qi stagnation and Pi deficiency, phlegm stasis accumulation, and Gan-Shen insufficiency, which were in accordance with clinical practice. The results of factor analysis indicated that overweight/obesity, abdominal distension, hypochondriac pain, discomfort in the hepatic region were common "condition factors" of fatty liver patients. The 5 "syndrome factors" such as dampness heat accumulation, Pi deficiency with dampness phlegm, Gan-qi stagnation and Pi deficiency, phlegm stasis accumulation, and Gan-Shen insufficiency showed identification significance in syndrome typing., Conclusions: The basic CM syndrome typings of NAFLD were dampness heat accumulation, Pi deficiency with dampness phlegm, Gan-qi stagnation and Pi deficiency, phlegm stasis accumulation, and Gan-Shen insufficiency. The four parameters of fatty liver patients could be classified by statistical analysis as condition factors and syndrome factors (which could reflect CM syndrome characteristics), which could provide certain evidence for establishing CM syndrome differentiation standards.

Objective: To observe the effect of Yangyin Jiedu Huoxue Recipe (YJHR) on the degree of activity integral of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLEDAI) and plasma osteopontin (OPN), and its effect for hormone withdrawal in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)., Methods: Seventy-eight patients were randomly assigned by a randomizing digital table to two groups, 42 patients in the treated group and 36 in the control group, all were treated with conventional Western medical treatment, and YJHR was given additionally to the treated group. Changes of SLEDAI and OPN, as well as the daily dosage of prednisone used were observed after 2 courses of treatment., Results: SLEDAI and OPN were lowered in both groups, but the lowering in the treated group [9.17 +/- 4.12, (117.69 +/- 78.50) microg/L] was more significant than that in the control group [11.60 +/- 4.05, (151.09 +/- 83.90) microg/L, P<0.05]. The two indices were positively correlated. The dosage of prednisone daily used in the treated group (10.03 +/- 4.29) was reduced more than that in the control group (15.14 +/- 6.67, P<0.05). SLEDAI of all the patients before and after treatment had a positive relationship with OPN respectively (r=0.44, 0.39) (P<0.05)., Conclusions: YJHR can suppress the activity of disease and be helpful for early withdrawal of prednisone in treating SLE. Plasma level of OPN is related with the activity of the disease.

As a new dosage form, TCM injection is commonly used in clinical practice. But the increasing events of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) could even seriously endanger patients' lives. The causes of TCM injection inducing ADRs might be the unstable quality of preparation; the irrational clinical use and operation; the sensitive physique of patient and the change of patients' primary illness, etc. For preventing the occurrence of ADRs, based on guaranteeing the stable quality of product, putting stress on accurate usages and normalized operations in clinical practice, enhancing the monitor on ADRs and the precautionary awareness in medical units are very important.

Objective: To discuss the clinical characteristics and precautionary measures of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) caused by Sedum aizoon., Method: The VOD induced by Sedum aizoon were reports in 41 patients comimg from national medical journals from 1998 to 2007 and their use and dose were analyzed., Result: The results shows that ADR of Sedum aizoon was serious. VOD has relationship with it, s dose use time the age of the patients and individual difference., Conclusion: To avoid of VOD induced by Sedum aizoon, it should be done through strengthening study on pharmacology and toxicology of Sedum aizoon. Enhancing patients of safety awareness, standardizing usage and dosage to guide the clinically rational use of drugs.