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Ovarian cancer is among the most common gynecological cancers and the eighth leading cause of cancer‐related deaths among women worldwide. Surgery is among the most important options for cancer treatment. During surgery, a biopsy is generally required to screen for lesions; however, traditional case examinations are time consuming and laborious and require extensive experience and knowledge from pathologists. Therefore, this study proposes a simple, fast, and label‐free ovarian cancer diagnosis method that combines second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging and deep learning. Unstained fresh human ovarian tissues were subjected to SHG imaging and accurately characterized using the Pyramid Vision Transformer V2 (PVTv2) model. The results showed that the SHG imaged collagen fibers could quantify ovarian cancer. In addition, the PVTv2 model could accurately differentiate the 3240 SHG images obtained from our imaging collection into benign, normal, and malignant images, with a final accuracy of 98.4%. These results demonstrate the great potential of SHG imaging techniques combined with deep learning models for diagnosing the diseased ovarian tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rich vacancies of semiconductor nanomaterials (NMs) give rise to great enhancement of their physical and chemical properties such as magnetic, catalytic, optical, etc. These NMs possessing extensive applications could inevitably enter into the environment and increase the toxic effects on organisms, so it is imperative to investigate the cytotoxicity of NMs with different types of vacancies. Here, one-dimensional cobalt selenide (CoSe2) NMs with different vacancies were synthesized through the same precursor while calcined at different temperatures (P-CoSe2 which calcined at 200 °C and N-CoSe2 which calcined at 230 °C). According to the positron annihilation spectrum, the VSeSe vacancy associate in P-CoSe2 was endowed with two positive charges, while the VCoCoCoSeSe vacancy associate in N-CoSe2 possessed four negative charges. Cell viability assays revealed that N-CoSe2 had higher toxicity to macrophages than P-CoSe2, which was attributed to higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species induced by N-CoSe2. Further investigation showed that N-CoSe2 had higher affinity to the mitochondrion-targeting peptide, leading to its preferential distribution in the mitochondria and consequent induction of mitochondrial superoxide production. In contrast, P-CoSe2 exhibited higher affinity to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeting peptide, facilitating its preferential distribution in the ER and the nuclei and causing higher damage to both organelles as compared to N-CoSe2. These results demonstrated that type of surface vacancies significantly affected biodistribution of NMs in subcellular organelles, which contributed to differential biological behaviors of the NMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the association between the combination of central and general obesity measures and the risk of pelvic organ prolapse (POP)., Methods: Waist/height ratio and body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) for 251,143 participants (aged 39-71 years) without pre-existing POP from the UK Biobank were collected at enrollment between 2006 and 2010. Participants were followed through December 19, 2022. Incident POP was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes and operating procedure codes in the medical records. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association between obesity measures and incident POP. Population-attributable fractions were calculated to indicate the proportion of cases that were attributable to obesity measures., Results: During a median follow-up of 13.8 years, 9,781 POP cases were recorded. Central obesity (waist/height ratio 0.5 or greater) was associated with a 48% increased risk of POP regardless of BMI (hazard ratio [HR] 1.48; 95% CI, 1.41-1.56). Approximately 21.7% (95% CI, 19.1-24.4%) of all POP cases were attributable to central obesity. In addition, overweight without central obesity (BMI 25-29.9 and waist/height ratio less than 0.5) was associated with a 23% higher risk of POP (HR 1.23; 95% CI, 1.14-1.34), and this accounted for 2.0% (95% CI, 1.1-2.9%) of all POP cases. The magnitude of increased POP risk associated with central obesity varied by age (younger than 60 years vs 60 years or older: 57% vs 39%) and by history of hysterectomy (no vs yes: 54% vs 27%)., Conclusion: Central obesity and overweight without central obesity are risk factors for POP., Competing Interests: Financial Disclosure The authors did not report any potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Molybdenum disulfide nanomaterials (MoS 2 NMs) have shown significant role as photocatalysts, lubricating agents and sterilant due to their remarkable physicochemical properties. Because of the increasing demand for MoS 2 NMs in numerous industrial domains, greater occupational exposure and subsequent NMs release into environment would be unavoidable. However, much efforts have been made to uncover the biological effects of NMs at unrealistic high concentration or acute duration, placing constraints on setting the realistic occupational exposure thresholds with confidence. In order to fill the current knowledge gap, this study aimed to evaluate the nanotoxicity of MoS 2 NMs with or without surface defects under the more realistic exposure mode. Noteworthily, the artificial sweat transformed-occupational exposure-cytotoxicity investigation of MoS 2 NMs was established as the main studied line. And the high cellular internalization and augmented oxidative stress triggered by surface defect could be recognized as the main factors for triggering serious cellular damage. Moreover, the HaCaTs exhibited loss of cell membrane integrity, dysfunction of mitochondria, disorder of endoplasmic reticulum and damages of nuclei after chronic exposure, compared with acute exposure. The study provided closely realistic exposure scenarios for NMs which exhibited significant difference from acute toxic investigation, enriching understanding towards real environmental safety of NMs., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)