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A series of Cu-ZnO-ZrO2 (CCZ) catalysts were prepared by the solvothermal method with different solvothermal times (1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h). The physicochemical properties of these catalysts and the catalytic performance for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol were studied. The highest methanol yield was achieved when the solvothermal time was 6 h (CCZ-6). Furthermore, we found that the copper surface area (SCu) increases and then decreases with an increase in the solvothermal time and that there is a strong correlation between the methanol yield and the SCu. This research highlights the crucial influence of the solvothermal time on the structure and catalytic behavior of Cu-ZnO-ZrO2 catalysts, providing a valuable reference for the development of efficient catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of CuO-ZnO–ZrO2 (CZZ) catalysts were synthesized via a solvothermal method. The effects of four saturated monohydric alcohols (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol) as solvents on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance for the direct synthesis of methanol from CO2 hydrogenation of the prepared catalysts were investigated. N2 physical adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy mapping, reactive N2O adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR), and temperature programmed desorption (H2-TPD, CO2-TPD) techniques were used to characterize the catalysts. The results indicate that the catalyst prepared with methanol as solvent (CZZ-M) has the smallest Cu crystallites and the largest metallic Cu surface area, thus exhibiting the highest methanol yield of 7.4% at 240 °C, 3.0 MPa, H2:CO2 of 3 (v/v), and GHSV of 2400 mL/(gcat·h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product attributes influence consumer perceptions of the personal relevance of a product or service to their needs. In this paper using mobile charging attributes offered to consumers in the Chinese mobile phone market, we empirically test whether consumer preferences for product attributes are significantly linked to their lifestyle. Combining prior theory about product characteristics with studies on lifestyle segmentation, the authors show in a large-scale field study that consumers can be segmented into four lifestyle clusters according to their preferences for different mobile charging attributes. In addition, it is observed that the differential effect of certain mobile charging attributes on consumers in different clusters may be related to consumers' perceived functional or hedonic use of these attributes. Finally we discuss the implications of our findings for managers in product positioning using lifestyle segmentation approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Shouhua Wei, Xianjun Li, Guisheng Wu This paper aims to reveal the characteristics of spatial distribution and changing trend of regional R&D expenditure in China during 1998-2004. In doing so, the authors have analysed both regional total R&D expenditure and its two components, that is, governmental R&D and business R&D expenditures, by means of spatial concentration index, variation coefficient, Gini coefficient, etc. We found that: 1) regional total R&D expenditure has a constant spatial clustering during 1998-2004; 2) governmental R&D expenditure appears to be more agglomerative (than business R&D expenditure) with a tendency of spatial equilibrium; 3) while business R&D expenditure was initially less agglomerative, it is characterised with a tendency of more and more spatial non-equilibrium.