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Background With the changing disease spectrum of the population and the advancement of the national tiered diagnosis and treatment system, general practitioners play a vital role in disease diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, the continuous updating of medical knowledge and the ongoing changes in the health service demands of the residents necessitate the ongoing participation of general practitioners in continuing education and training. This ensures they can make the best diagnostic and treatment decisions and manage diseases effectively for their patients. Objective To analyze the current developments, training quality and research quality of continuing education research of general practice in China in the past ten years (2013-2022) . Methods In January 2023, eight Chinese and English databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and China Biology Medicine Literature Service System were used as data sources to obtain research on the training of continuing education for general practitioners in China. The literature was read, analyzed, organized, and summarized, with the search period ranging from January 2013 to December 2022. The Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) was utilized to comprehensively evaluate the quality of the literature. Results This review included a total of 49 articles, of which 11 were in English and 38 in Chinese. The themes of continuing education training focused on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (22.4%), emergency-related content (6.1%), and mental health (6.1%). The training formats were relatively singular, mainly based on traditional expert lectures (69.3%), with only 6.1% adopting the form of skill training, and 4.0% of the studies using problem-based learning (PBL) or team-based learning (TBL) training formats. There was usually a lack of rigorous evaluation: 31 studies (63.2%) used questionnaires to assess the effectiveness of the training, of which 19 had not undergone validity and reliability testing. In the study design, the largest proportion was single-group pre-post comparison (53.1%), followed by randomized controlled trials with pre-post measurements (26.5%), and the smallest proportion was controlled pre-post comparison (4.1%). Only 9 studies (18.3%) explicitly mentioned ethical approval, while the majority of studies (81.7%) did not undergo ethical review. The evaluations focused on the enhancement of knowledge and skills of general practitioners before and after trainin (85.7%), with less coverage of actual behavioral changes (14.2%) and benefits to patients and healthcare facilities (22.4%) . Conclusion In the past decade, the attention to general practice continuing education research has been insufficient, but there is significant room for development. In the future, it is necessary to expand training themes and adopt diverse training methods based on actual needs. Utilizing assessment tools with good validity and reliability, and focusing on the actual behavioral changes brought about by training, will benefit patients and enhance the quality of continuing education for general practitioners in multiple dimensions.

We report a world record of lidar profiling of metallic Ca+ ions up to 300 km in the midlatitude nighttime ionosphere during geomagnetic quiet time. Ca+ measurements (∼80–300 km) were made over Beijing (40.42°N, 116.02°E) with an Optical‐Parametric‐Oscillator‐based lidar from March 2020 through June 2021. Main Ca+ layers (80–100 km) persist through all nights, and high‐density sporadic Ca+ layers (∼100–120 km) frequently occur in summer. Thermosphere‐ionosphere Ca+ (TICa+) layers (∼110–300 km) are likely formed via Ca+ uplifting from these sporadic layers. The lidar observations capture the complete evolution of TICa+ layers from onset to ending, revealing intriguing features. Concurrent ionosonde measurements show strong sporadic E layers developed before TICa+ and spread F onset. Neutral winds can partially account for observed vertical transport but enhanced electric fields are required to explain the results. Such lidar observations promise new insights into E‐ and F‐region coupling and plasma inhomogeneities. Plain Language Summary: Inhomogeneities (also called irregularities) in the ionospheric plasma distribution can significantly degrade satellite communications and negatively impact Global Positioning System‐based navigation systems that rely on the trans‐ionospheric radio‐wave propagation. Understanding the formation mechanisms of, thus predicting, ionospheric inhomogeneities is still a huge challenge in space weather research. Long‐lived meteoric metal ions (≫ $\gg $1 day above 100 km altitude) converge to form dense ion layers, causing plasma irregularities in the ionosphere. Therefore, it is imperative to observe and understand the transport and formation of metallic ion layers. However, it is technically challenging to detect specific ion species, especially tracing ion transport over large vertical ranges and time durations. Numerous instruments detect electron density but cannot distinguish ion species. Rocket‐borne mass spectrometers can distinguish ion species but provide only snapshots. Lidars provide a powerful tool to profile and trace metallic species over extended periods by exciting specific resonance fluorescence. The only metal ions detectable by ground‐based lidars are Ca+, and previous lidar measurements reached ∼180 km. Our Ca+ lidar upgraded with narrowband lasers has achieved high detection sensitivity, enabling the Ca+ profiling up to 300 km. Such lidar measurements of dynamical Ca+ layers open a new window to study plasma irregularities. Key Points: First lidar profiling of Ca+ ions from ∼80 to 300 km was made over Beijing in the nighttime ionosphere during geomagnetic quiet timeThermosphere‐ionosphere Ca+ layers (∼10 s cm−3) are likely formed by uplifting ions from sporadic Ca+ at ∼110 km & show complex structuresSpread F occurs concurrently with Thermosphere‐ionosphere Ca+ & strong sporadic E layers occur before the onset of TICa+ and spread F, suggesting E‐ and F‐region coupling [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early stage of ovarian cancer (OC), molecular biomarkers are critical for its diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, there is little research on the mechanism underlying tumorigenesis in OC. Herein, we aimed to explore whether long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HAND2‐AS1 participated in the regulation of the cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of OC by regulating B‐cell lymphoma 2 like 11 (BCL2L11) and microRNA‐340‐5p (miR‐340‐5p). Differentially expressed lncRNAs in OC were screened by microarray‐based analysis. HAND2‐AS1, BCL2L11, and miR‐340‐5p expression was assessed in normal ovarian and OC tissues and human OC cell lines. Then, the relationships among HAND2‐AS1, BCL2L11, and miR‐340‐5p were explored. Ectopic expression and depletion experiments were applied to analyze the effects of HAND2‐AS1, miR‐340‐5p and BCL2L11 on migration, invasion, and proliferation of OC cells, as well as apoptosis. Lastly, the tumor xenograft in nude mice was conducted to test the tumorigenesis in vivo. In silico analysis displayed poor expression of HAND2‐AS1 in OC. HAND2‐AS1 specifically sponged with miR‐340‐5p which was found to directly target BCL2L11. Importantly, HAND2‐AS1 or BCL2L11 overexpression or miR‐340‐5p downregulation resulted in reduction of cell invasion and migration, together with decrease of cell proliferation and increase of cell apoptosis in OC. Besides, high‐expressed HAND2‐AS1 inhibited the tumorigenesis in nude mice. To sum up, these data suggests HAND2‐AS1 as an anti‐oncogene in OC through upregulation of BCL2L11 by competitively binding to miR‐340‐5p, which demonstrates that there are potential diagnosis and therapy values of HAND2‐AS1 in OC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual-wavelength tunable lidar system that simultaneously detects the Ca and C a + layers has been established in Yanqing Station (40.41°N, 116.01°E). The lidar system implements a pulsed Nd:YAG laser that simultaneously pumps two dye lasers, which reduces the hardware configuration of the lidar system. The two dye lasers use infrared laser dyes with high conversion efficiency suitable for long-term observation. The resonance wavelengths of Ca and C a + are generated by frequency doubling of the two infrared laser beams. We compared the dual-wavelength tunable lidar system to previous dye-based systems and performed experiments to determine resonance frequencies to within 0.4 pm and to test the dual optical fiber receiving system and found it does not cause cross talk. Three nights of preliminary simultaneous observations of Ca and C a + layers are reported; the diversity of these observations begs for more systematic observations and challenging interpretations in terms of Ca processes in the ionosphere and illustrates the effectiveness of this system for aeronomy and space physics studies.

Objective: To evaluate the single nucleotide polymorphisms and expression of KIR2DL4 (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) gene in pre-eclampsia patients., Methods: KIR2DL4 gene polymorphisms were detected in 100 patients with pre-eclampsia and 100 healthy pregnant women, respectively, by using PCR-SS. Then, the expression of KIR2DL4 was measured in 5 cases of placentas tissues with pre-eclampsia and normal pregnancies by using qRT-PCR., Results: Compared with healthy controls, 16 loci of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified in pre-eclampsia patients, including 7 new polymorphisms loci. But, no significant difference was found in genotype distributions and allele frequencies in pre-eclampsia and controls (P>0.05). However, qRT-PCR results showed that KIR2DL4 mRNA in placenta tissues with pre-eclampsia was significantly lower than those with normal pregnancy, and the difference was statistically significant., Conclusion: Decreased level of KIR2DL4 rather than its SNP is correlated with the susceptibility of pre-eclampsia.