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Oomycete pathogens deliver many effectors to enhance virulence or suppress plant immunity. Plant immune networks are interconnected, in which a few effectors can trigger a strong defense response when recognized by immunity-related proteins. How effectors activate plant defense response remains poorly understood. Here we report Phytophthora capsici effector RxLR23KM can induce plant cell death and plant immunity. RxLR23KM specifically binds to ERD15La, a regulator of abscisic acid and salicylic acid pathway, and the binding intensity depends on the amino acid residues (K93 and M320). NbNAC68, a downstream protein of ERD15La, can stimulate plant immunity that is compromised after binding with ERD15La. Silencing of NbNAC68 substantially prevents the activation of plant defense response. RxLR23KM binds to ERD15La, releasing NbNAC68 to activate plant immunity. These findings highlight a strategy of plant defense response that ERD15La as a central regulator coordinates RxLR23KM to regulate NbNAC68-triggered plant immunity. This study demonstrated how the oomycete effector RxLR23KM can trigger plant defense responses by interacting with NbERD15La, a regulator of abscisic acid and salicylic acid pathways in tobacco, which in turn regulates the downstream immune activator NbNAC68. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotational strip intercropping involves the strategic combination of stubble intercropping and the rotational placement of intercropped strips, which can improve crop yield. Here, we evaluated the effects of rotational strip bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) intercropping with bed ratios of 1:1 and 2:2 on crop yield, soil microbial community and nutrition. The 1:1 ratio of rotational strip bean and celery intercropping had a higher yield than the 2:2 ratio. The 1:1 rotational strip intercropping markedly improved the nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus contents of the beans, and the nitrate nitrogen and available potassium contents of the celery. The 2:2 rotational strip intercropping reduced the bacterial α diversity of the beans, and the 1:1 and 2:2 rotational strip intercropping enhanced the fungal α diversity of both the beans and the celery. Both planting patterns also altered the microbial communities found on the bean and celery plants. Microorganisms enriched in the rhizosphere of the bean and celery plants significantly increased the soil nutrient content and yield in the 1:1 rotational strip intercropping, and included the genera Achromobacter, Luteibacter, Stenotrophomonas, Fusarium, Flavobacterium and Preussia in the bean rhizosphere, and Alternaria, Arthrographis and Pluteus, Sphingopyxis and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in the celery rhizosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart city energy Internet is to comply with the trend of sustainable energy development, urban power energy as the center, comprehensive utilization of all kinds of energy, especially renewable energy, to achieve interconnection and common optimization. Based on the background of distribution network in Disney Park, this paper studies the regulation, operation and management strategy of distribution network of smart city energy Internet. This paper describes the characteristics of the energy Internet, and then analyzes the key technologies that affect power grid regulation, operation and management. The paper investigated the distribution network construction in Shanghai Disney Park under the background of urban energy Internet pilot region to understand the allocation of distributed energy in the park grid. Through simulation calculation and analysis, this paper puts forward a distribution network regulation and management scheme suitable for the characteristics of energy Internet. In this paper, the study found that with the rapid development of power grid, especially all kinds of distributed energy access, the new lines are becoming more. In a wide range of power grid structure is becoming more and more complex, in order to ensure the reliability of power supply and power supply quality, scientific regulation under the background of urban energy Internet development mode, enhancing the management level of power grid is the inevitable developing trend of power grid.