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The current study examined the influence of guilt on young children's honesty about their transgression. Children (N = 192; 4-6 years of age; 49.5% male, 50.5% female; middle-income Chinese families) participated in a modified temptation resistance paradigm where they were asked not to peek at a toy in the absence of an experimenter. Next, the children were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) guilt condition, where children were induced with guilt using a revised mishap paradigm; (b) sadness condition, where children were induced with sadness by watching a video; and (c) baseline condition, where children did not participate in any additional emotion-inducing task. When later questioned about whether they peeked at the toy, children in the guilt condition were significantly less likely to lie compared with those in the sadness or baseline conditions. There was no significant difference between the sadness and baseline conditions.

The planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using TiO2 as the electron transport layer (ETL) are undergoing a stagnated efficiency improvement, which the inferior TiO2 ETL mainly limits. Herein, a flocculating‐regulated TiO2 deposition using SnCl2·2H2O is reported as the flocculate to control the nanoparticle size finely for optimizing TiO2 deposition and to achieve a synergistic Sn doping. The SnCl2·2H2O incorporated into bath precursor can bridge‐link the suspended nanoparticles, which promotes the precipitation of large‐sized nanoparticles and leaves the smaller‐sized nanoparticles for deposition, leading to a compact TiO2 film with marked reduced surface roughness. Meanwhile, along with flocculating‐regulated TiO2 deposition, it can also be achieved the Sn‐doping of TiO2, which increases the conductivity of TiO2 thin films by ≈2.5 times. As a consequence, attributing to the optimized interface contact and accelerated interfacial electron transport, the planar PSCs achieved a certification efficiency of 25.85%, the highest value among the TiO2‐based planar PSCs to date. In addition, the PSCs can maintain 99% of their initial efficiency after more than 4500 h of storage in ambient air, showing excellent stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal tolerance protein (MTP) family is a very old family with evolutionary conservation and less specific amplification. It seems to retain the original functions of the ancestral genes and plays an important role in maintaining metal homeostasis in plant cells. We identified the potato MTP family members for the first time, the specific and conservative StMPTs were discovered by using systematic and comparative omics. To be surprised, members of the StMTP family seem to have mutated before the evolution of dicotyledon and monocotyledon, and even the loss of the entire subfamily (subfamily G6, G7). Interestingly, StMTP9 represents the conserved structure of the entire subfamily involved in toxic metal regulation. However, the gene structure and transmembrane domain of StMTP8 have undergone specific evolution, showing that the transmembrane domain (Motif13) located at the NH2 terminal has been replaced by the signal peptide domain, so it was selected as the control gene of StMTP9. Through real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis of StMTPs under Cd and Zn stress, a co-expression network was constructed, and it was found that StMTP9 responded significantly to Cd stress, while StMTP8 did the opposite. What excites us is that by introducing StMTPs 8/9 into the ∆ycf1 yeast cadmium-sensitive mutant strain, the functional complementation experiment proved that StMTPs 8/9 can restore Cd tolerance. In particular, StMTP9 can greatly reduce the cadmium content in yeast cells, while StMTP8 cannot. These findings provide a reference for further research on the molecular mechanism of potato toxic metal accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating chlorine into the SnO 2 electron transport layer (ETL) has proven effective in enhancing the interfacial contact between SnO 2 and perovskite in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, previous studies have primarily focused on the role of chlorine in passivating surface trap defects in SnO 2 , without considering its influence on the buried interface. Here, hydrochloric acid (HCl) is introduced as a chlorine source into commercial SnO 2 to form Cl-capped SnO 2 (Cl-SnO 2 ) ETL, aiming to optimize the buried interface of the PSC. The incorporation of HCl into the SnO 2 precursor solution works in two key ways. First, it converts the detrimental KOH stabilizer into KCl through an acid-base reaction. Second, it regulates the crystallization process of the perovskite, reducing PbI 2 residues and voids at the buried interface. As a result, the efficiency of the PSC increases from 21.93% to 25.39%, with a certified efficiency of 25.69%, the highest efficiency reported for Cl-SnO 2 ETL-based PSCs. Moreover, the target PSC exhibits excellent air stability, retaining 90% of its initial efficiency after 2900 h of air exposure, compared to only 56.1% for the control PSC. This investigation highlights the effectiveness of HCl in the synergistic optimization of the buried interface in PSCs., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Insects rely on odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) for chemical perception, making OBPs a promising target for studying attractants and repellents of pests, such as Bemisia tabaci . However, no reports have reported using B. tabaci OBPs ( Bt OBPs) as pesticide screening targets. To fill this gap, we obtained Bt OBP8 through prokaryotic expression and purification. Then, we confirmed its identity using western blotting and mass spectrometry. Next, we used the sitting drop and hanging drop methods to screen its crystal conditions. Using microscale thermophoresis and isothermal titration calorimetry, we identified the highest affinity ligand, 3l , from 30 compounds. Furthermore, point mutation techniques identified Val119 as a key amino acid residue in binding 31 to Bt OBP8. Finally, we tested the bioactivity of B. tabaci Mediterranean and found that 3l more effectively inhibits the bioactivity of B. tabaci MED than imidacloprid. This study presents a new approach for developing green insecticides specific to B. tabaci MED by targeting OBPs. Conclusively, identifying and targeting specific OBPs can create more targeted and effective pest control strategies without relying on toxic chemicals.