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Aiming at the demand of high spectrum efficiency and low bit error rate of Wireless Optical Communication (WOC) technology, a joint modulation method of Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) is proposed. The method makes full use of wireless communication bandwidth resources, which can improve transmission rate compared with traditional modulation technology. The system maps different amplitude pulses to specific lasers using Space Mapping(SM), and realizes multi-link layered transmission mapping relation. Being different from the traditional single-modulation methods, the joint modulation method uses the amplitude of the pulse and the change of the time slot position to transmit information through the coordination of the coding mechanism. The time slot position and amplitude information of each data pulse are sent and detected at the same time, using the joint modulation layered transmission technology. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method not only improves both spectral efficiency and transmission rate, but also improves the error performance. The experimental results provide a new technical method for the subsequent application research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of infants and young children with basal ganglia infarction after minor head trauma (BGIMHT)., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and follow-up results of children aged 28 days to 3 years with BGIMHT who were hospitalized at Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2011 to January 2022., Results: A total of 45 cases of BGIMHT were included, with the most common symptom being limb movement disorders (96%, 43/45), followed by facioplegia (56%, 25/45). Cerebral imaging showed that 72% (31/43) had infarction accompanied by basal ganglia calcification. After conservative treatment, 42 children (93%) showed significant symptom improvement, while 3 children (7%) experienced recurrent strokes. The median follow-up time was 82 months (range: 17-141 months). At the last follow-up, 97% (29/30) had residual basal ganglia softening lesions. Among 29 cases participating in questionnaire follow-up, 66% (19/29) recovered normally, 17% (5/29) showed significant improvement in symptoms, and 17% (5/29) had poor improvement. According to the grading of the Global Burden of Disease Control Projects, only 1 child (3%) had severe sequelae. There were no significant differences in age at onset, gender, or presence of concomitant basal ganglia calcification between children with and without neurological sequelae ( P >0.05)., Conclusions: The most common initial symptom of BGIMHT is limb movement disorder, and imaging results indicate that most children have concurrent intracranial calcifications. Most infarct lesions later transform into softening lesions, resulting in a generally good prognosis.

Background: Chemotherapy (CT) remains the primary treatment for locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer (LAUPC) and metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC). The role of radiotherapy (RT) in these conditions remains unclear. This study compares the outcomes of CT alone versus CT combined with RT (combined-modality therapy [CMT]) in LAUPC and MPC patients., Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of LAUPC and MPC patients treated with either CT or CMT from a single institution and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox hazards models evaluated the association between treatment modalities and overall survival (OS). Propensity score matching (PSM) ensured balanced comparisons. Landmark analysis addressed immortal time bias. Subgroup analyses were based on clinical characteristics. eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) assessed outcome prediction and influence of significant predictors., Results: The study included 102 patients receiving CMT and 155 receiving CT at single institution, along with 1733 CMT and 9310 CT patients from the SEER dataset. In the single-institution cohort, CMT showed superior survival compared to CT both before (median OS: 20.5 vs. 11.5 months, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.34-0.65, P=0.001) and after PSM (median OS: 22.2 vs. 11.8 months, HR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.30-0.79, P=0.003). Multivariate analyses confirmed that CMT was independently associated with improved OS both before (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.38-0.77, P=0.001) and after PSM (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.27-0.73, P=0.001). Landmark analysis indicated better OS for patients receiving CMT compared to CT alone. Subgroup analysis revealed an OS benefit for CMT across most subgroups. SHAP value analysis indicated that CMT was the most significant contributor to survival outcomes. SEER database validation confirmed these findings., Conclusions: This study demonstrates that CMT significantly improves OS in LAUPC and MPC patients compared to CT alone. Integrating RT with CT could be beneficial for treating LAUPC and MPC., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Cao, Zhang, Wu, Wang and Yang.)