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3. Contributors

Author

Aboulhosn, Jamil A., primary, Abraham, Theodore P., additional, Akoum, Nazem, additional, Appleton, Christopher P., additional, Aurigemma, Gerard P., additional, Bax, Jeroen J., additional, Bhatt, Ami B., additional, Bolger, Ann F., additional, Bosch, Johan G., additional, Brosnan, Maria, additional, Bruce, Charles J., additional, Burchill, Luke J., additional, Capoulade, Romain, additional, Carroll, John D., additional, Celermajer, David S., additional, Chen, Michael A., additional, Cheng, Andrew, additional, Cheng, Richard K., additional, Connolly, Heidi M., additional, Cullen, Michael W., additional, Dahou, Abdellaziz, additional, Deen, Jason F., additional, Delgado, Victoria, additional, Delling, Francesca Nesta, additional, Di Tullio, Marco R., additional, Douglas, Pamela S., additional, Drake, Daniel H., additional, Dumesnil, Jean G., additional, Edvardsen, Thor, additional, Evangelista, Artur, additional, Fleischmann, Kirsten E., additional, Foster, Elyse, additional, Freeman, Rosario V., additional, Gay, Laura Galian, additional, Gerber, Ivor L., additional, Hall, Michael T., additional, Hung, Judy, additional, Iung, Bernard, additional, Jander, Nikolaus, additional, Kim, Michael S., additional, Kim, Yuli Y., additional, Kirkpatrick, James N., additional, Kolias, Theodore J., additional, Krieger, Eric V., additional, Lang, Roberto M., additional, Lewin, Mark, additional, Lin, Jeannette, additional, Linefsky, Jason, additional, Mahjoub, Haïfa, additional, Masri, Sofia Carolina, additional, Mayer, Susan A., additional, Mertens, Luc, additional, Messika-Zetoun, David, additional, Minners, Jan, additional, Naqvi, Tasneem Z., additional, Olson, Aaron, additional, Oxorn, Donald C., additional, Pellikka, Patricia A., additional, Pibarot, Philippe, additional, Playford, David, additional, Prior, David, additional, Prutkin, Jordan M., additional, Quaife, Robert A., additional, Rader, Florian, additional, Raghav, Vrishank, additional, Roldan, Carlos A., additional, Salcedo, Ernersto E., additional, Samad, Zainab, additional, Sanders, Stephen P., additional, Sekiguchi, Hiroshi, additional, Sidebotham, David A., additional, Siegel, Robert J., additional, Silversides, Candice K., additional, Silvestry, Frank E., additional, Siu, Samuel C., additional, Smiseth, Otto A., additional, Stout, Karen, additional, Torp, Hans, additional, Tsang, Wendy, additional, Urena, Marina, additional, Vahanian, Alec, additional, Vaidya, Anjali, additional, Valente, Anne Marie, additional, Wald, Rachel M., additional, Wang, Andrew, additional, Weeks, Sarah G., additional, Weiner, Rory B., additional, Welch, Terrence D., additional, Woo, Anna, additional, Wu, Audrey H., additional, Yeh, Doreen DeFaria, additional, Yoganathan, Ajit P., additional, and Zimmerman, Karen G., additional

Published
2017
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15. Contributors

Author

Aurigemma, Gerard P., primary, Bartel, Thomas, additional, Bolger, Ann F., additional, Bosch, Johan G., additional, Bruce, Charles J., additional, Burwash, Ian G., additional, Cabell, Christopher H., additional, Chan, Kwan-Leung, additional, Chen, Edmond W., additional, Chen, Michael A., additional, Child, John S., additional, Croft, Lori B., additional, Desai, Milind Y., additional, Edvardsen, Thor, additional, Erbel, Raimund, additional, Farah, Husam H., additional, Fleischmann, Kirsten E., additional, Forfia, Paul R., additional, Foster, Elyse, additional, Freeman, Rosario V., additional, Gaasch, William H., additional, Gerber, Ivor L., additional, Goldman, Martin E., additional, Gottdiener, John S., additional, Griffin, Brian P., additional, Gurvitz, Michelle, additional, Gutersohn, Achim, additional, Hung, Judy, additional, Iung, Bernard, additional, King, Mary Etta E., additional, Klein, Allan L., additional, Konorza, Thomas, additional, Lewin, Mark, additional, Manning, Warren J., additional, Marwick, Thomas H., additional, Mintz, Gary S., additional, Moss, Robert R., additional, Müller, Silvana, additional, Munt, Brad I., additional, Naqvi, Tasneem Z., additional, Otto, Catherine M., additional, Oxorn, Donald C., additional, Picard, Michael H., additional, Porter, Thomas R., additional, Rakowski, Harry, additional, Redberg, Rita F., additional, Roldan, Carlos A., additional, Rosenhek, Raphael, additional, Sheehan, Florence H., additional, Smiseth, Otto A., additional, Stewart, William J., additional, Stoddard, Marcus F., additional, Stout, Karen K., additional, Sutton, Martin St. John, additional, Thompson, Christopher R., additional, Travis, Brandon R., additional, Vahanian, Alec, additional, Watanabe, Nozomi, additional, Weeks, Sarah, additional, Weissman, Neil J., additional, Wiegers, Susan E., additional, Wigle, E. Douglas, additional, Woo, Anna, additional, Wu, Audrey H., additional, Xie, Feng, additional, Yoganathan, Ajit P., additional, Zabalgoitia, Miguel, additional, and Zoghbi, William A., additional

Published
2007
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29. Heart Failure

Author

Shavelle, David M., Wu, Audrey H., Prutkin, Jordan M., Eisen, Howard J., Freeman, Rosario V., Shavelle, David M., Wu, Audrey H., Prutkin, Jordan M., Eisen, Howard J., and Freeman, Rosario V.

Subjects
Heart failure
Abstract

Over 5.7 million people in America carry a diagnosis of heart failure, the incidence of which approaches 1 in 100 people over the age of 65. The cost to society is estimated at $29 billion annually and over 1.1 million hospital admissions. For hospitalized heart failure patients, the 30-day readmission rate approaches 25%. As our population ages these numbers are expected to grow. This issue of Cardiology Clinics helps practitioners to manage patients at all ACC/AHA stages of heart failure and addresses key issues that include sudden cardiac death, arrhythmias, acute decompensated heart failure, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Published
2014

43. Sacubitril Is Selectively Activated by Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) in the Liver and the Activation Is Affected by CES1 Genetic Variation

Author

Shi, Jian, Wang, Xinwen, Nguyen, Jenny, Wu, Audrey H., Bleske, Barry E., and Zhu, Hao-Jie

Abstract

Sacubitril was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in combination with valsartan for the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. As a prodrug, sacubitril must be metabolized (hydrolyzed) to its active metabolite sacubitrilat (LBQ657) to exert its intended therapeutic effects. Thus, understanding the determinants of sacubitril activation will lead to the improvement of sacubitril pharmacotherapy. The objective of this study was to identify the enzyme(s) responsible for the activation of sacubitril, and determine the impact of genetic variation on sacubitril activation. First, an incubation study of sacubitril with human plasma and the S9 fractions of human liver, intestine, and kidney was conducted. Sacubitril was found to be activated by human liver S9 fractions only. Moreover, sacubitril activation was significantly inhibited by the carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) inhibitor bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate in human liver S9. Further incubation studies with recombinant human CES1 and carboxylesterase 2 confirmed that sacubitril is a selective CES1 substrate. The in vitro study of cell lines transfected with wild-type CES1 and the CES1 variant G143E (rs71647871) demonstrated that G143E is a loss-of-function variant for sacubitril activation. Importantly, sacubitril activation was significantly impaired in human livers carrying the G143E variant. In conclusion, sacubitril is selectively activated by CES1 in human liver. The CES1 genetic variant G143E can significantly impair sacubitril activation. Therefore, CES1 genetic variants appear to be an important contributing factor to interindividual variability in sacubitril activation, and have the potential to serve as biomarkers to optimize sacubitril pharmacotherapy.

Published
2016
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45. Contributors

Author

Aboulhosn, Jamil A., Aurigemma, Gerard P., Bartel, Thomas, Bolger, Ann F., Bosch, Johan G., Bruce, Charles J., Burwash, Ian G., Carroll, John D., Chan, Kwan-Leung, Chen, Michael A., Child, John S., Connolly, Heidi M., Croft, Lori, Desai, Milind Y., Di Tullio, Marco R., Dumesnil, Jean G., Edvardsen, Thor, Erbel, Raimund, Evangelista, Arturo, Fleishmann, Kirsten E., Forfia, Paul Robert, Foster, Elyse, Freeman, Rosario V., Gaasch, William H., Gerber, Ivor L., Goldman, Martin E., Grewal, Jasmine, Griffin, Brian P., Gruner, Christiane, Gurvitz, Michelle, Hung, Judy, Iung, Bernard, King, Mary Etta E., Kirkpatrick, James N., Klein, Allan L., Kolias, Theodore J., Konorza, Thomas, Kurtz, Christopher E., Lewin, Mark, Maehara, Akiko, Manning, Warren J., Marwick, Thomas H., Mintz, Gary S., Moss, Robert R., Müller, Silvana, Munt, Bradley I., Naqvi, Tasneem Z., Olson, Aaron K., Oxorn, Donald C., Pibarot, Philippe, Picard, Michael H., Plana, Juan Carlos, Plappert, Theodore, Porter, Thomas R., Rakowski, Harry, Roldan, Carlos A., Rosenhek, Raphael, Salcedo, Ernesto E., Samad, Zainab, Smiseth, Otto A., Stewart, William J., St. John Sutton, Martin, Stoddard, Marcus F., Stout, Karen K., Tornos, Pilar, Vahanian, Alec, Valente, Anne Marie, Wang, Andrew, Watanabe, Nozomi, Weeks, Sarah G., Weiner, Rory B., Weissman, Neil J., Wiegers, Susan E., Williams, Lynne, Woo, Anna, Wu, Audrey H., Xie, Feng, Yap, Choon Hwai, Yoganathan, Ajit P., and Zurick, Andrew O., III

Published
2012
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46. Hospital outcomes in patients presenting with congestive heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction A report from the Second National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI-2)

Author

Wu, Audrey H, Parsons, Lori, Every, Nathan R, and Bates, Eric R

Subjects
cardiovascular diseases
Abstract

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine treatment and outcomes in patients admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by congestive heart failure (CHF).BackgroundAlthough cardiogenic shock complicating AMI has been studied extensively, the hospital course of patients presenting with CHF is less well established.MethodsThe Second National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI-2) was analyzed to determine hospital outcomes for patients with ST-elevation AMI admitted with CHF (Killip classes II or III).ResultsOf 190,518 patients with AMI, 36,303 (19.1%) had CHF on admission. Patients presenting with CHF were older (72.6 ± 12.5 vs. 63.2 ± 13.5 years), more often female (46.8% vs. 32.1%), had longer time to hospital presentation (2.80 ± 2.6 vs. 2.50 ± 2.4 h), and had higher prevalence of anterior/septal AMI (38.8% vs. 33.3%), diabetes (33.1% vs. 19.5%), and hypertension (54.6% vs. 46.1%) (all p < 0.0005). Also, they had longer lengths of stay (8.1 ± 7.1 vs. 6.8 ± 5.3 days, p < 0.00005) and greater risk for in-hospital death (21.4% vs. 7.2%; p < 0.0005). Patients with CHF were less likely to receive aspirin (75.7% vs. 89.0%), heparin (74.6% vs. 91.1%), oral beta-blockers (27.0% vs. 41.7%), fibrinolytics (33.4% vs. 58.0%), or primary angioplasty (8.6% vs. 14.6%), and more likely to receive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (25.4% vs. 13.0%). Congestive heart failure on admission was one of the strongest predictors of in-hospital death (adjusted odds ratio 1.68; 95% confidence interval 1.62, 1.75).ConclusionsPatients with AMI presenting with CHF are at higher risk for adverse in-hospital outcomes. Despite this, they are less likely to be treated with reperfusion therapy and medications with proven mortality benefit.

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47. Contributors

Author

Aurigemma, Gerard P., Bartel, Thomas, Bolger, Ann F., Bosch, Johan G., Bruce, Charles J., Burwash, Ian G., Cabell, Christopher H., Chan, Kwan-Leung, Chen, Edmond W., Chen, Michael A., Child, John S., Croft, Lori B., Desai, Milind Y., Edvardsen, Thor, Erbel, Raimund, Farah, Husam H., Fleischmann, Kirsten E., Forfia, Paul R., Foster, Elyse, Freeman, Rosario V., Gaasch, William H., Gerber, Ivor L., Goldman, Martin E., Gottdiener, John S., Griffin, Brian P., Gurvitz, Michelle, Gutersohn, Achim, Hung, Judy, Iung, Bernard, King, Mary Etta E., Klein, Allan L., Konorza, Thomas, Lewin, Mark, Manning, Warren J., Marwick, Thomas H., Mintz, Gary S., Moss, Robert R., Müller, Silvana, Munt, Brad I., Naqvi, Tasneem Z., Otto, Catherine M., Oxorn, Donald C., Picard, Michael H., Porter, Thomas R., Rakowski, Harry, Redberg, Rita F., Roldan, Carlos A., Rosenhek, Raphael, Sheehan, Florence H., Smiseth, Otto A., Stewart, William J., Stoddard, Marcus F., Stout, Karen K., Sutton, Martin St. John, Thompson, Christopher R., Travis, Brandon R., Vahanian, Alec, Watanabe, Nozomi, Weeks, Sarah, Weissman, Neil J., Wiegers, Susan E., Wigle, E. Douglas, Woo, Anna, Wu, Audrey H., Xie, Feng, Yoganathan, Ajit P., Zabalgoitia, Miguel, and Zoghbi, William A.

Published
2008
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48. Severe transient cardiomyopathy associated with community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Author

Gandhi T, Wu AH, and Aronoff DM

Subjects
Adult, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated drug therapy, Community-Acquired Infections complications, Community-Acquired Infections drug therapy, Echocardiography, Humans, Male, Myocarditis microbiology, Pneumonia, Staphylococcal drug therapy, Pneumonia, Staphylococcal microbiology, Sputum microbiology, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left diagnosis, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left microbiology, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated diagnosis, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated microbiology, Pneumonia, Staphylococcal complications
Published
2008
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49. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and change in aortic valve calcium.

Author

O'Brien KD, Probstfield JL, Caulfield MT, Nasir K, Takasu J, Shavelle DM, Wu AH, Zhao XQ, and Budoff MJ

Subjects
Aged, Aortic Valve diagnostic imaging, Aortic Valve Stenosis etiology, Aortic Valve Stenosis metabolism, Aortic Valve Stenosis prevention & control, Calcinosis diagnostic imaging, Calcinosis metabolism, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypertension drug therapy, Male, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use, Aortic Valve metabolism, Calcinosis prevention & control, Calcium metabolism
Abstract

Background: Calcium accumulation in the aortic valve is a hallmark of aortic sclerosis and aortic stenosis. Because lipoproteins, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and angiotensin II colocalize with calcium in aortic valve lesions, we hypothesized an association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) use and lowered aortic valve calcium (AVC) accumulation, as measured by electron beam computed tomography., Methods: Rates of change in volumetric AVC scores were determined retrospectively for 123 patients who had undergone 2 serial electron beam computed tomographic scans. The mean (+/-SD) interscan interval was 2.5 (+/-1.7) years; 80 patients did not receive ACEIs and 43 received ACEIs. The relationship of ACEI use to median rates of AVC score change (both unadjusted and adjusted for baseline AVC scores and coronary heart disease risk factors) was determined. We also examined the relationship of ACEI use to the likelihood of and adjusted odds ratio for definite progression (AVC change >2 times the median interscan variability)., Results: Unadjusted and adjusted median rates of AVC score change were significantly higher in the no-ACEI group than in the ACEI group (adjusted median AVC changes [95% confidence interval]: relative, 28.7%/y [18.9%-38.5%/y] vs 11.0%/y [-1.9% to 24.0%/y], P = .04; absolute: 25.1/y [19.7-30.5/y] vs 12.2/y [4.5-19.9/y], P = .02). The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for definite AVC progression was significantly lower for patients who received ACEIs (0.29 [0.11-0.75], P = .01)., Conclusions: This retrospective study finds a significant association between ACEI use and a lower rate of AVC accumulation. The results support the need for prospective, randomized trials of ACEIs in calcific aortic valve disease.

Published
2005
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50. Medical and surgical treatment of chronic heart failure.

Author

Wu AH and Cody RJ

Subjects
Chronic Disease, Heart Failure epidemiology, Heart Failure physiopathology, Humans, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Stroke Volume physiology, Systole physiology, United States epidemiology, Ventricular Dysfunction epidemiology, Ventricular Dysfunction physiopathology, Ventricular Dysfunction therapy, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiovascular Agents therapeutic use, Heart Failure therapy
Published
2003
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