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4. Effect of timing and abundance of lesser sandeel on the breeding success of a North Sea seabird community

Author

Régnier, Thomas, Wright, Peter J., Harris, Michael P., Gibb, Fiona M., Newell, Mark, Eerkes-Medrano, Dafne, Daunt, Francis, Wanless, Sarah, Régnier, Thomas, Wright, Peter J., Harris, Michael P., Gibb, Fiona M., Newell, Mark, Eerkes-Medrano, Dafne, Daunt, Francis, and Wanless, Sarah

Abstract

Understanding the responses of seabirds to climate-induced variations in phenology and abundance of their prey is key to developing ecosystem-based fisheries management measures that benefit higher trophic levels. The match/mismatch hypothesis (MMH) emphasizes the need to consider synchrony in the seasonal cycles of predators and prey, while the match/mismatch/abundance hypothesis (MMAH) proposes that prey abundance may reinforce/compensate mismatch effects. This study considers the effects of both variations in seasonal availability and abundance of lesser sandeel Ammodytes marinus on hatching, fledging and breeding success of 5 seabird species: blacklegged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica, razorbill Alca torda, common guillemot Uria aalge and European shag Gulosus aristotelis. Consistent with MMH, temporal asynchrony between sandeel availability and seabird breeding schedules affected productivity in 4 species. The effects of trophic asynchrony were either reinforced or compensated by sandeel abundance for some species, supporting MMAH. Breeding success in the late-breeding kittiwake was high when conditions favoured both high sandeel abundance and temporal synchrony while the cost of asynchrony could be compensated by high sandeel abundance in the earlier-breeding puffin. Differential effects of sandeel abundance and trophic synchrony at different stages of the seabird breeding season suggest that distinct mechanisms are in volved. The effects were most evident in the most sandeel-reliant seabirds. As further disruption of sandeel phenology and abundance is anticipated under the current climate crisis, the present study is an important step towards understanding bottom-up effects of environmental change on higher trophic levels.

Published
2024

7. Spatial management measures benefit the critically endangered flapper skate, Dipturus intermedius.

Author

Régnier, Thomas, Dodd, Jane, Benjamins, Steven, Gibb, Fiona M., and Wright, Peter J.

Subjects
MARINE parks & reserves, MARK & recapture (Population biology), ANIMAL population density, CRITICALLY ill children, SURVIVAL rate
Abstract

While elasmobranchs are often a designated feature in Marine Protected Areas, there are few studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of spatial fishery restrictions on their recovery.Here we examine the effectiveness of fishery restrictions on the critically endangered flapper skate, Dipturus intermedius, based on changes in their abundance, demography and survival rate.Trends in local abundance at two sites within the Loch Sunart to the Sound of Jura Marine Protected Area (LStSJ MPA), were contrasted with that in surrounding waters off the west of Scotland where fishing remains unrestricted. Survival rate was estimated using a multi‐state model of capture mark recapture data, and spill‐over from the LStSJ MPA was considered from tag‐recapture rates between the two LStSJ MPA study areas and a further site south of the LStSJ MPA.In contrast to the wider trend across adjacent waters, skate abundance increased, especially for young juveniles, following the introduction of fishing restrictions in the LStSJ MPA. This increase could be explained by a reduction in juvenile and adult mortality as population growth rates following fishing restrictions were markedly higher than estimated in a pre‐restriction study of one site.Limited exchange of skate between the two study areas within the LStSJ MPA and a southern site beyond the LStSJ MPA indicated a low rate of spill‐over.This study demonstrates that spatial fishery restrictions have the potential to benefit populations of elasmobranchs which have a high site‐fidelity, but their wider conservation benefit may be partly confounded by a high level of residency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Linking spawning ground extent to environmental factors--patterns and dispersal during the egg phase of four North Sea fishes

Author

Hoffle, Hannes, Van Damme, Cindy J.G., Fox, Clive, Lelievre, Stephanie, Loots, Christophe, Nash, Richard D.M., Vaz, Sandrine, Wright, Peter J., and Munk, Peter

Subjects
Fishes -- Behavior -- Environmental aspects, Spawning -- Environmental aspects, Fish eggs -- Distribution -- Environmental aspects, Company distribution practices, Earth sciences
Abstract

Previous studies have shown that four commercially important demersal species, namely Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus), and European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), spawn in distinct areas across the North Sea. Based on two comprehensive ichthyoplankton surveys in 2004 and 2009, the present study uses generalized additive mixed models to delimit these spawning grounds using the distribution of recently spawned eggs, investigates their relationship to specific environmental conditions, and examines egg dispersal during their development. Results indicate that presence-absence of early stage eggs is more related to temporal and topographic variables, while egg densities are closely linked with hydrography. Egg distribution patterns were relatively consistent during development and only changed near hatching. Compared with historic observations, the location of the spawning grounds appeared stable on the broad scale but centres of egg abundance varied between the surveyed years. Potential effects of long-term climate change and anthropogenic short-term disturbances, such as seismic surveys, on fish reproduction are discussed, pointing out the demand for multispecies studies on these issues. Des etudes anterieures ont demontre que quatre especes demersales d'importance commerciale, soit la morue franche (Gadus morhua), l'aiglefin (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), le merlan (Merlangius merlangus) et la plie (Pleuronectes platessa), fraient dans des aires distinctes dans la mer du Nord. A la lumiere de deux inventaires exhaustifs de l'ichtyoplancton realises en 2004 et 2009, l'etude fait appel a des modeles additifs generalises mixtes pour delimiter ces lieux de frai sur la base de la repartition des oeufs recemment pondus, explore leur lieu avec differentes conditions ambiantes et examine la dispersion des oeufs durant leur developpement. Les resultats indiquent que la presence ou l'absence d'oeufs precoces est plus fortement reliee a des variables temporelles et topographiques, alors que les densites d'oeufs sont etroitement reliees a l'hydrographie. Les motifs de repartition des oeufs etaient assez constants durant le developpement et ne changeaient qu'a l'approche de l'eclosion. Comparativement aux observations passees, l'emplacement des lieux de frai semblait stable a grande echelle, mais l'emplacement de centres d'abondance d'oeufs etait different pour les deux annees d'inventaire. Les effets potentiels de changements climatiques a long terme et de perturbations d'origine humaine de courte duree, comme des leves sismiques, sur la reproduction des poissons sont abordes, soulignant la pertinence d'etudes plurispecifiques sur ces questions. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Annually visited spawning grounds are a common feature in the life cycle of many fish populations (Daan et al. 1981; Heath et al. 1994) and have been demonstrated for [...]

Published
2018
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17. EuReCa ONE⿿27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry: A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

Author

Kaufmann, Marc, Thaler, Markus, Maier, Martin, Prause, Gerhard, Trimmel, Helmut, de Longueville, Diane, Preseau, Thierry, Biarent, Dominique, Melot, Christian, Mpotos, Nicolas, Monsieurs, Koen, Van de Voorde, Patrick, Vanhove, Marie, Lievens, Pascale, Faniel, Mathias, Keleuva, Slobodanka, Lazarevic, Milan, Ujevic, Radmila Majhen, Devcic, Mato, Bardak, Branka, Barisic, Fabijan, Anticevic, Silvija Hunyadi, Georgiou, Marios, Truhláſ, Anatolij, Knor, Jiſí, Smržová, Eva, Sviták, Roman, Šín, Robin, Mokrejš, Petr, Lippert, Freddy K., Hallikainen, Juhana, Hoikka, Marko, Iirola, Timo, Jama, Timo, Jäntti, Helena, Jokisalo, Raimo, Jousi, Milla, Kirves, Hetti, Kuisma, Markku, Laine, Jukka, Länkimäki, Sami, Loikas, Petri, Lund, Vesa, Määttä, Teuvo, Nal, Heini, Niemelä, Heimo, Portaankorva, Petra, Pylkkänen, Marko, Sainio, Marko, Setälä, Piritta, Tervo, Jerry, Väyrynen, Taneli, Murgue, Davy, Champenois, Anne, Fournier, Marc, Meyran, Daniel, Tabary, Romain, Avondo, Aurélie, Gelin, Gelin, Simonnet, Bruno, Joly, Marc, Megy-Michoux, Isabelle, Paringaux, Xavier, Duffait, Yves, Vial, Michael, Segard, Julien, Narcisse, Sophie, Hamban, David, Hennache, Jonathan, Thiriez, Sylvain, Doukhan, Mathieu, Vanderstraeten, Carine, Morel, Jean-Charles, Majour, Gilles, Michenet, Corinne, Tritsch, Laurent, Dubesset, Marc, Peguet, Olivier, Pinero, David, Guillaumee, Fréderic, Fuster, Patrick, Ciacala, Jean-François, Jardel, Benoît, Letarnec, Jean-Yves, Goes, Frank, Gosset, Pierre, Vergne, Muriel, Bar, Christian, Branche, Fabienne, Prineau, Stevens, Lagadec, Steven, Cornaglia, Carole, Ursat, Cécile, Bertrand, Philippe, Agostinucci, Jean-Marc, Nadiras, Pierre, de Linares, Géraldine Gonzales, Jacob, Line, Revaux, François, Pernot, Thomas, Roudiak, Nathalie, Ricard-Hibon, Agnès, Villain-Coquet, Laurent, Beckers, Stefan, Hanff, Thomas, Strickmann, Bernd, Wiegand, Nicolai, Wilke, Petra, Sues, Harald, Bogatzki, Stefan, Baumeier, Wolfgang, Pohl, Kai, Werner, Bert, Fischer, Hans, Zeng, Torsten, Popp, Erik, Günther, Andreas, Hochberg, Andreas, Lechleuthner, Alex, Schewe, Jens-Christian, Lemke, Hans, Wranze-Bielefeld, Erich, Bohn, Andreas, Roessler, Markus, Naujoks, Frank, Sensen, Frank, Esser, Torben, Fischer, Matthias, Messelken, Martin, Rose, Christopher, Schlüter, Gabriele, Lotz, Wolfgang, Corzilius, Michael, Muth, Claus-Martin, Diepenseifen, Christian, Tauchmann, Björn, Birkholz, Torsten, Flemming, Andreas, Herrmann, Stefanie, Kreimeier, Uwe, Kill, Clemens, Marx, Frank, Schröder, Ralph, Lenz, Wolfgang, Botini, Glykeria, Grigorios, Barakos, Giannakoudakis, Nikolaos, Zervopoulos, Michail, Papangelis, Dimitrios, Petropoulou-Papanastasiou, Sofia, Liaskos, Themistoklis, Papanikolaou, Spyridon, Karabinis, Andreas, Zentay, Attila, ÿorsteinsson, Hólmgeir, Gilsdóttir, Anna, Birgisson, Svavar A., Guðmundsson, Fjölnir Freyr, Hreiðarsson, Hallgrímur, ÿrnason, Björgvin, Hermannsson, Hermann, Björnsson, Gísli, Friðriksson, Brynjar ÿór, Baldursson, Gunnar, Höskuldsson, ÿrmann, Valgarðsdottir, Jórunn, ÿsmundardóttir, Matthildur, Guðmundsson, Guðmundur, Kristjánsson, Hjörtur, ÿórarinsson, Eyþór Rúnar, Guðlaugsson, Jón, Skarphéðinsson, Sigurður, Peratoner, Alberto, Santarelli, Andrea, Sabetta, Cesare, Gordini, Giovanni, Sesana, Giovanni, Giudici, Riccardo, Savastano, Simone, Pellis, Tommaso, Beissel, Jean, Uhrig, Jean, Manderscheid, Tom, Klop, Marco, Stammet, Pascal, Koch, Marc, Welter, Philippe, Schuman, Robert, Bruins, Wendy, Amin, Hesam, Braa, Nina, Bratland, Staale, Buanes, Eirik Alnes, Draegni, Tomas, Johnsen, Knut Roar, Mathisen, Wenche Torunn, Oedegaarden, Terje, Oppedal, Marie, Reksten, Alf Stolt-Nielsen, Roedsand, Mats Eirik, Steen-Hansen, Jon Erik, Dyrda, Marta, Frejlich, Anna, MaciĿg, Sſawomir, Osadnik, Sonia, Weryk, Ireneusz, Mendonça, Eugénio, Freitas, Carlos, Cruz, Pinto, Caldeira, Carmo, Barros, José, Vale, Luis, Brazão, António, Jardim, Nuno, Rocha, Fernanda, Duarte, Ricardo, Fernandes, Nicodemos, Ramos, Pedro, Jardim, Margarida, Reis, Miguel, Ribeiro, Romulo, Zenha, Sérgio, Fernandes, Jorge, Francisco, Juan, Assis, David, Abreu, Fernanda, Freitas, Dinarte, Ribeiro, Leonardo, Azevedo, Paulo, Calafatinho, Débora, Jardim, Rui, Pestana, Aleixo, Faria, Rui, Oprita, Bogdan, Grasu, Alis, Nedelea, Paul, Sovar, Sorina, Agapi, Florin, KliĿkoviĿ, Aleksandar, LaziĿ, Aleksandra, NikoliĿ, Bogdan, Zivanovic, Bogdan, MartinoviĿ, Branislav, MilenkoviĿ, Dušan, Damir, HuseinoviĿ, Koprivica, Jovanka, JakšiĿ, Kornelija Horvat, Pajor, Margit, MiliĿ, Saša, VidoviĿ, Mirko, Glamoclija, Radojka Petrovic, Andjelic, Sladjana, Sladjana, Vlajovic, BabiĿ, Zlatko, Fišer, Zlatko, Androvic, Peter, Bajerovska, Lubica, Chabron, Miroslav, Dobias, Viliam, Havlikova, Eva, Horanova, Bozena, Kratochvilova, Renata, Kubova, Dana, Murgas, Jan, Patras, Juraj, Simak, Ladislav, Snarskij, Vladimir, Zaviaticova, Zuzana, Zuffova, Marcela, Roig, Francesc Escalada, Santos, Luis Sánchez, Sucunza, Alfredo Echarri, Cordero Torres, Juan A., Muñoz, Guadalupe Inza, del Valle, Marta Martínez, Rozalen, Isabel Ceniceros, Sánchez, Enrique Martín, Berlanga, María Victoria Raúl Canabal, Olalde, Karlos Ibarguren, Ruiz Azpiazu, José I., García-Ochoa, María José, López-Navarro, Rafael Zoyo, Adsuar Quesada, José M., Cortés Ramas, José A., Mellado Vergel, Francisco J., López Messa, Juan B., del Valle, Patricia Fernández, Anselmi, Luciano, Benvenuti, Breganzona Claudio, Batey, Nigel, Ambulance, Yorkshire, Booth, Scott, Bucher, Patricia, Deakin, Charles D., Duckett, Jay, Ji, Chen, Loughlin, Nancy, Lumley-Holmes, Jenny, Lynde, Jessica, Mersom, Frank, Ramsey, Carly, Robinson, Clare, Spaight, Robert, Dosanjh, Sukhdeep, Virdi, Gurkamal, Whittington, Andrew, Gräsner, Jan-Thorsten, Lefering, Rolf, Koster, Rudolph W., Masterson, Siobhán, Böttiger, Bernd W., Herlitz, Johan, Wnent, Jan, Tjelmeland, Ingvild B.M., Ortiz, Fernando Rosell, Maurer, Holger, Baubin, Michael, Mols, Pierre, HadžibegoviĿ, Irzal, Ioannides, Marios, Škulec, Roman, Wissenberg, Mads, Salo, Ari, Hubert, Hervé, Nikolaou, Nikolaos I., Lóczi, Gerda, Svavarsdóttir, Hildigunnur, Semeraro, Federico, Wright, Peter J., Clarens, Carlo, Pijls, Ruud, Cebula, Grzegorz, Correia, Vitor Gouveia, Cimpoesu, Diana, Raffay, Violetta, Trenkler, Stefan, Markota, Andrej, Strömsöe, Anneli, Burkart, Roman, Perkins, Gavin D., and Bossaert, Leo L.

Published
2016
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21. Latitudinally distinct stocks of Atlantic cod face fundamentally different biophysical challenges under on‐going climate change

Author

Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd, primary, Alix, Maud, additional, Sandø, Anne Britt, additional, Strand, Espen, additional, Wright, Peter J., additional, Johns, David G., additional, Thorsen, Anders, additional, Marshall, C. Tara, additional, Bakkeplass, Kjell Gunnar, additional, Vikebø, Frode B., additional, Skuggedal Myksvoll, Mari, additional, Ottersen, Geir, additional, Allan, Bridie J. M., additional, Fossheim, Maria, additional, Stiansen, Jan Erik, additional, Huse, Geir, additional, and Sundby, Svein, additional

Published
2023
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26. Factors associated with suppression of Fusarium basal rot of onion in New Zealand soils: literature review and greenhouse experiments.

Author

Wright, Peter J., Frampton, Rebekah A., Anderson, Craig, Searle, Bruce, and Hedderley, Duncan

Subjects
*FUSARIUM, *FUSARIUM oxysporum, *LITERATURE reviews, *ONIONS, *ONION growing, *SOILS
Abstract

Fusarium basal rot, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae, is an important onion disease worldwide. Greenhouse pot experiments were conducted during two growing seasons to determine if field soils from New Zealand's main onion growing regions had different fusarium basal rot suppressive capabilities, and identified factors involved in disease suppression This study demonstrated that soils naturally suppressive to fusarium basal rot were present in New Zealand and that soil organic matter content, total soil carbon, total nitrogen and soil phosphorous concentrations were associated with disease incidence. Soil microorganisms were shown to be involved in disease suppression since when they were eliminated or reduced by soil heat treatment, fusarium basal rot incidence markedly increased. This study provided an increased understanding of how soil physical, chemical and biological factors affect the suppressiveness of selected New Zealand soils to fusarium basal rot of onion, and demonstrated that certain bacterial and fungal taxa may be involved in suppression of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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27. What is left and what was achieved? A time perspective of a pioneering project 20 years after the European Fish Ageing Network

Author

Moksness, Erlend, Appelberg, Magnus, Hammer, Cornelius, Morales-Nin, Beatriz, and Wright, Peter J.

Subjects
Sclerochronology, Concerted action, Impact assessment, Fish age, Quality control, Aquatic Science, Accuracy, Quality assurance
Abstract

The European Fish Ageing Network (EFAN) funded by the European Union, is reviewed, and assessed after a 20-year hiatus. The large number of scientists and technicians involved in this independent and informal network, and the time invested (four years), provided a significant advance in fish age estimation and methodologies. The results presented are based on two survey questionnaires sent to EFAN members, specifically to those who had been most actively involved in the programme. Overall, EFAN can be considered as successful as it fulfilled the aim of the FAIR (Fostering Awareness Inclusion and Recognition) program in improving collaboration both at a national and European levels in the field of sclerochronology. Adding to the success was that many survey participants reported a positive impact on both their creativity and scientific careers, particularly participants from university environments and the female members, and around 50% of the participants continued in their age-related research careers. These factors, as well as the positive scientific impact EFAN has had in various European countries (n = 16), point to a very successful programme. The aim of improving what is an objective approach required to interpret growth increments in calcified structures (otoliths) in fishes, is reflected in the various tools developed by EFAN, all of which are found in the many reports produced by the Network. Examples are seen in the quality control approach by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), where tools developed by EFAN have been key to their fisheries management approach. Our general impression is that a project with a lifetime of around four years in principle provides a suitable time period to develop age estimation tools, quality control routines, and working procedures to improve the use of fish age data for fish stock assessments. We argue however, that developing a functioning network requires more time than a conventional project. Therefore, to fully meet the aims of projects such as EFAN, a period of between 10 and 15 years is a more appropriate time frame for these types of programmes to run. A longer time scale can help ensure recommendations are regularly followed, can provide more confidence in on-going routine age estimation data, and so achieve a significant improvement in the application of ageing methods. In turn a more accurate and robust scientific outcome would be available for European fish stock assessments.

Published
2022

33. Maturation shifts in a temperate marine fish population cannot be explained by simulated changes in temperature-dependent growth and maturity

Author

Wright, Peter J., Palmer, Stephen C.F., and Marshall, C. Tara

Subjects
Biological sciences
Abstract

To disentangle genetic and environmental influences on phenotypic traits that influence maturation of fish, it would be useful to predict the expected change due to environment alone to compare with observations. This requires a realistically scaled, species-specific life history model of environmentally determined variation in individual growth and maturation. In this study, inter-annual variability in the proportion of mature haddock in the west North Sea was predicted using a stochastic, individual-based simulation model incorporating a temperature-dependent maturation threshold. This species and region are particularly relevant to the debate about the relative importance of genetic and climate change because North Sea haddock have experienced both high fishing mortality and substantial warming in recent decades. Using observed temperatures in combination with temperature-dependent models for growth and maturation, the simulation model predicted year-to-year variation in length and maturity at age expected for cohorts produced from 1979 to 2006. The simulated proportions mature at age 2 were then compared to the observed proportions in an annual bottom trawl survey. Although the model explained much of the high-frequency variation in maturation, the simulated time trend under-represented the rate of increase in the observed trend in proportions mature. This inability of the temperature-dependent life history model to predict the magnitude of change appears consistent with a long-term decline in the maturation threshold. This result provides indirect support for a genetic change in a key life history trait., Introduction The need for a better mechanistic understanding of fish maturation has been highlighted by the recent debate over fisheries-induced evolution (Jorgensen et al. 2007; Andersen and Brander 2009; Devine [...]

Published
2014
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42. Corrigendum: Seasonal and Ontogenetic Variation in Depth Use by a Critically Endangered Benthic Elasmobranch and Its Implications for Spatial Management

Author

Thorburn, James, Wright, Peter J., Lavender, Edward, Dodd, Jane, Neat, Francis, Martin, Julien G. A., Lynam, Caroline, and James, Mark

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, home and core depth range, flapper skate, marine protected area, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Dipturus intermedius, Ocean Engineering, highest density intervals, QH1-199.5, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Rajidae, Water Science and Technology
Published
2021

45. Barnavirus : Barnaviridae

Author

Revill, Peter A., Wright, Peter J., Tidona, Christian A., editor, Darai, Gholamreza, editor, and Büchen-Osmond, Cornelia, editor

Published
2001
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