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6. Scottish Chartism and its economic background

Author

Wright, L. C.

Subjects
941.1
Abstract

In 1838 Lovett drafted what was called the 'People's Charter' and this was sponsored by the L.W.M.A. Almost simultaneously a similar document called the National Petition was issued by the Birmingham Political Union. That the demands and aims of both groups were alike was not coincidence. They had independently made a concise re-statement of earlier Radical ideas - ideas which always had been the stock in trade of the reformer. Only the presentation was new - the familiar 'Six Points'. Here they are. (1) Manhood suffrage. (2) Vote by ballot. (3) Annual Parliaments. (4) Abolition of the property qualification of MPs. (5) Payment of members. (6) Equal electoral districts. [This last was not put forward by the Birmingham Political Union]. The heady old wine of Radicalism proved very much to the public taste when served up in new bottles. Clubs and associations throughout the country were formed to advocate the 'Six Points'. Soon it became a national movement and by 1839 was strong enough to hold a Convention in London - a sort of 'Parliament of the Industrious Classes' as suggested by uwen in 1834. There was to be no guillotine and Tricolour about this meeting. Great care was taken to see that it was a legal assembly and that by coming together the members did not contravene any existing legislation. What was behind all this? Well, at least it would provide a rallying point for various shades of radical opinion and enable a programme of political action to be drawn up, Of course the more violent elemental hoped that somehow or other this Convention might yet become the de facto Government of the country. This Convention marks the real start of Chartism. It went through many vicissitudesm often becoming very violent in character, and suffered a major defeat in 1848. But it was a complex movement full of inherent contradictions. As the movement in Scotland is examined, something of its real nature, its virtues and failings, should emerge. Chartism as such petered out in a welter of froth and frustration; yet four of those 'Six Points' are at the very foundations of modern society. This is not coincidence. Chartism set in motion forces the full effects of which have still to be felt.

Published
1951

10. Correspondence

Author

Sumner, Colin, Davison, D. W., Breach, A. C. E., Chilton, H. T., Wright, L. C., Gilchrist, Leo, Madigan, D. G., Wakeham, J. Y. D., Adcock, F. A., van Meurs, D. P., Newstead, S. M., Griffiths, Louis L., and Gillie, Annis

Published
1955

15. Purification and characterization of secretory phospholipase B, lysophospholipase and lysophospholipase/transacylase from a virulent strain of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans

Author

Chen, S C, Wright, L C, Golding, J C, and Sorrell, T C

Subjects
Glycosylation, Hot Temperature, Octoxynol, Palmitoylcarnitine, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Substrate Specificity, Molecular Weight, Kinetics, Metals, Multienzyme Complexes, Sequence Analysis, Protein, Cations, Enzyme Stability, Cryptococcus neoformans, Isoelectric Point, Lysophospholipase, Acyltransferases, Research Article, Glycoproteins
Abstract

Infection caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is potentially fatal. A highly active extracellular phospholipase, demonstrating phospholipase B (PLB), lysophospholipase (LPL) and lysophospholipase/transacylase (LPTA) activities, was purified to homogeneity from C. neoformans using (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fractionation, and hydrophobic-interaction, anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. All three enzyme activities co-purified as a single protein with an apparent molecular mass of 70-90 kDa by SDS/PAGE and 160-180 kDa by gel filtration. The ratio of the three activities remained constant after each purification step. The amino acid composition, as well as the sequences of the N-terminus and of five internal peptide fragments were novel. The protein was an acidic glycoprotein containing N-linked carbohydrate moieties, with pI values of 5.5 and 3.5. The apparent V(max) values for PLB and LPL activities were 12.3 and 870 micromol/min per mg of protein respectively; the corresponding K(m) values were approx. 185.3 and 92.2 microM. The enzyme was active only at acidic pH (pH optimum of 4.0 for PLB and 4.0-5.0 for LPL and LPTA). Enzyme activity did not require added cations, but was inhibited by Fe(3+). LPL and LPTA activities were decreased by 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 to 50% of the control value. Palmitoylcarnitine (0.5 mM) inhibited PLB (97% inhibition) and LPL and LPTA activities (35% inhibition) competitively. All phospholipids except phosphatidic acid were degraded by PLB, but dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine were the preferred substrates. This is the first complete description of the purification and properties of a phospholipase, which may be involved in virulence, from a pathogenic fungus.

Published
2000

18. Overview of the 1999 Survey of Active Duty Personnel

Author

WESTAT INC ROCKVILLE MD, Helba, C., Lee, K., Perry, S., Wright, L. C., Williams, K. H., WESTAT INC ROCKVILLE MD, Helba, C., Lee, K., Perry, S., Wright, L. C., and Williams, K. H.

Abstract

This report provides an overview of results obtained from the survey of active-duty members. Chapter 1 provides background information on the history of the survey and describes the remainder of the report. Chapter 2, Survey methodology, provides background on survey administration, analytic procedures used in the report, and the presentation of results. Each subsequent chapter focuses on a different survey topic with findings presented for DoD and for subgroups defined by: Service, paygrade, gender, race/ethnicity, family type, and spouse employment status. Chapter, Satisfaction with Military Life, focuses on member satisfaction with military life in general and with various specific components of military life. Chapter 4, Retention, discusses members' stated intent to remain in the military, their significant others' support for continued military service, and actions taken by members to leave the military. Chapter 5, Financial Position of Member, examines items such as household income, personal debt and savings, financial support received from government programs and any financial problems reported by members. Chapter 6, Personnel Tempo, discusses the time commitments required of members, including time away from home in the preceding and upcoming 12 months (including reasons for being away from home), and workload. Finally, Chapter 7, Quality of Life Programs, focuses on members' use of quality of life, education, and childcare programs and examines member attitudes about health care for themselves and their family members. The population of interest for the 1999 Survey of Active Duty Personnel consisted of all Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard active-duty members, below the rank of admiral or general, with at least 6 months of active-duty service when surveys were first mailed. Reservists on active-duty assignments for at least 6 months were also eligible.

Published
2001

19. Blade selection for a modern axial-flow compressor

Author

Wright, L. C

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering
Abstract

The procedures leading to successful design of an axial flow compressor are discussed. The three related approaches to cascade selection are: (1) experimental approach which relies on the use of experimental results from identical cascades to satisfy the velocity diagrams calculated, (2) a purely analytical procedure whereby blade shapes are calculated from the theoretical cascade and viscous flow equations, and (3) a semiempirical procedure which used experimental data together with the theoretically derived functional relations to relate the cascade parameters. Diagrams of typical transonic blade sections with uncambered leading edges are presented.

Published
1974

21. High-Tip-Speed, Low-Loading Transonic Fan Stage. Part 1: Aerodynamic and Mechanical Design

Author

Wright, L. C, Vitale, N. G, Ware, T. C, and Erwin, J. R

Subjects
Propulsion Systems
Abstract

A high-tip-speed, low-loading transonic fan stage was designed to deliver an overall pressure ratio of 1.5 with an adiabatic efficiency of 86 percent. The design flow per unit annulus area is 42.0 pounds per square foot. The fan features a hub/tip ratio of 0.46, a tip diameter of 28.74 in. and operates at a design tip speed of 1600 fps. For these design conditions, the rotor blade tip region operates with supersonic inlet and supersonic discharge relative velocities. A sophisticated quasi-three-dimensional characteristic section design procedure was used for the all-supersonic sections and the inlet of the midspan transonic sections. For regions where the relative outlet velocities are supersonic, the blade operates with weak oblique shocks only.

Published
1973

31. Population Density and Phenology of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Hop is Linked to the Timing of Sulfur Applications.

Author

Woods, J. L., Dreves, A. J., Fisher, G. C., James, D. G., Wright, L. C., and Gent, D. H.

Subjects
INSECT population density, TWO-spotted spider mite, EFFECT of climate on insect migration, INSECT pest control, HOPS
Abstract

The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a worldwide pest of numerous agronomic and horticultural plants. Sulfur fungicides are known to induce outbreaks of this pest on several crops, although mechanisms associated with sulfur-induced mite outbreaks are largely unknown. Studies were conducted during 2007-2009 in Oregon and Washington hop yards to evaluate the effect of timing of sulfur applications on T. urticae and key predators. In both regions, applications of sulfur made relatively late in the growing season (mid-June to mid-July) were associated with the greatest exacerbation of spider mite outbreaks, particularly in the upper canopy of the crop. The severity of mite outbreaks was closely associated with sulfur applications made during a relatively narrow time period coincident with the early exponential phase of spider mite increase and rapid host growth. A nonlinear model relating mean cumulative mite days during the time of sulfur sprays to the percent increase in total cumulative mite days (standardized to a nontreated plot) explained 58% of the variability observed in increased spider mite severity related to sulfur spray timing. Spatial patterns of spider mites in the Oregon plots indicated similar dispersal of motile stages of spider mites among leaves treated with sulfur versus nontreated leaves; however, in two of three years, eggs were less aggregated on leaves of sulfur-treated plants, pointing to enhanced dispersal. Apart from one experiment in Washington, relatively few predatory mites were observed during the course of these studies, and sulfur-induced mite outbreaks generally occurred irrespective of predatory mite abundance. Collectively, these studies indicate sulfur induces mite outbreaks through direct or indirect effects on T. urticae, mostly independent of predatory mite abundance or toxicity to these predators. Avoidance of exacerbation of spider mite outbreaks by sulfur sprays was achieved by carefully timing applications to periods of low spider mite abundance and slower host development, which is generally early to mid-spring for hop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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33. Detection of antibodies to phospholipase B in patients infected with Cryptococcus neoformans by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Author

Santangelo, R. T., Chen, S. C., Sorrell, T. C., and Wright, L .C.

Subjects
PHOSPHOLIPASES, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, CANDIDA, SERUM, BLOOD plasma, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, MYCOSES, NEISSERIA meningitidis, MENINGITIS
Abstract

Secreted phospholipases are virulence factors of several fungi, including Cryptococcus neoformans. We describe for the first time the detection by ELISA of antibodies to cryptococcal phospholipase B in the serum of patients infected with C. neoformans or C. gattii. Sixty-nine sera from 25 patients with cryptococcosis, 23 patients with Candida infections and 26 with bacterial or viral infections were tested. The sensitivity of the ELISA in patients with cryptococcosis was 100% in immunocompetent hosts and 64.3% in immunosuppressed patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Absorbance readings were significantly higher in immunocompetent patients ( P [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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34. Regulatory roles for the homeodomain and C2H2 zinc finger regions of Cryptococcus neoformans Ste12αp.

Author

Chang, Yun C., Wright, L. C., Tscharke, R. L., Sorrell, T. C., Wilson, C. F., and Kwon-Chung, K. J.

Subjects
*ZINC-finger proteins, *ZINC proteins, *CRYPTOCOCCUS, *CRYPTOCOCCACEAE, *DNA, *NUCLEIC acids
Abstract

The STE12α gene of Cryptococcus neoformans encodes a protein containing both homeodomain and zinc finger regions. As homeodomains and zinc finger regions are important domains for the function of many transcription factors, we used site-specific mutagenesis to delineate the roles of these two domains. The homeodomain and zinc finger regions are each important for the function of Ste12αp. DNA binding ability, mating frequency, and haploid fruiting capability were reduced in strains with mutations in the homeodomain, whereas virulence and capsule size in the mouse brain were increased. In contrast, mutations in the zinc fingers region resulted in decreased virulence, reduced capsule size in the mouse brain and decreased gene expression of capsule associated genes. In addition, phospholipase activity was increased in the zinc finger mutants. Taken together, most of the phenotypes previously observed in the ste12α deletion strains were reproduced in these two types of mutants. However, unlike mutations in the homeodomain/zinc finger region, complete deletion of STE12α caused a severe reduction in virulence and a decrease in phospholipase activity. These data suggest that region(s) other than the homeodomain and zinc finger regions of Ste12αp contribute to the variable influences on the different phenotypes observed in C. neoformans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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42. HOST RESISTANCE TO THE FIR ENGRAVER BEETLE, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): 4. EFFECT OF DEFOLIATION ON WOUND MONOTERPENE AND INNER BARK CARBOHYDRATE CONCENTRATIONS3

Author

Wright, L. C., Berryman, A. A., and Gurusiddaiah, S.

Abstract

AbstractMonoterpene production, inner bark carbohydrate concentrations, and fir engraver attacks on grand fir were monitored for 3 years following Douglas-fir tussock moth defoliation. Monoterpenes were reduced for 2 years following defoliation. Defoliation caused a reduction in total sugars the first year following defoliation and a reduction in starch the second year. Total sugars and the previous year’s starch concentrations were positively correlated with monoterpene production. The trees which produced the least amounts of monoterpenes were the ones successfully attacked by the fir engraver.

Published
1979
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43. ABUNDANCE OF THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS, AND THE DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE, FOLLOWING TREE DEFOLIATION BY THE DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA1

Author

Wright, L. C., Berryman, A. A., and Wickman, B. E.

Abstract

AbstractFir engraver and Douglas-fir beetle numbers were monitored during and after an outbreak of the Douglas-fir tussock moth. The population behavior of the two species of bark beetles was similar. Number of emerged offspring/female was highest during the years of defoliation and declined afterward. Total number of beetle attacks peaked 1 to 2 years after defoliation ended and then declined. During and 1 year after defoliation, beetles generally infested trees that had greater than 90% defoliation. After this time infestations were not as strongly associated with heavily defoliated trees. Life tables were constructed for beetles within trees and for beetles per area of forest land. Key mortality factors acting on beetles within trees occurred during the larval and pupal stages. Mortality during adult dispersal was a key factor when beetle density per area of land was considered. Although beetle offspring emerging per dm2of bark surface was relatively low in defoliated trees, defoliation appeared to reduce host resistance which enabled beetles to successfully attack at lower densities, reducing intraspecific competition, and resulting in increased emergence of offspring/female parent.

Published
1984
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44. Assignment of methylene proton resonances in NMR spectra of embryonic and transformed cells to plasma membrane triglyceride.

Author

May, G L, Wright, L C, Holmes, K T, Williams, P G, Smith, I C, Wright, P E, Fox, R M, and Mountford, C E

Abstract

Some biological characteristics of cancer cells and solid tumors are identifiable by the high resolution NMR relaxation behavior of their nonaqueous components. Chemical analysis and two-dimensional scalar correlated (COSY) NMR spectroscopy show these resonances arise from neutral lipid in the plasma membrane. Triglyceride is shown to be the main plasma membrane component giving rise to the NMR spectrum, while soluble nonmembrane components account for 90% of the remaining resonances in the spectrum of intact cells. The presence of triglyceride has been detected by chemical analysis in highly purified plasma membranes from two different cell lines. The COSY spectra of cancer cells are comparable with that obtained for the triglyceride-rich very low density human lipoprotein.

Published
1986
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46. [Memo from L.C. Wright to Dean Mereb Mossman about a possible Black Studies program]

Author

Wright, L. C. and Wright, L. C.

Abstract

This memorandum, dated May 17, 1968, from A.C. Wright to Dean Mereb Mossman at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) discusses "rumblings among our Negro students" about instituting a Black Studies curriculum. The author suggests that this would be a bad idea, and requests that his comments be sent to the chancellor. The memo mentions an attachment, but it is apparently missing.

Published
1968

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