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3. The future of fungi: threats and opportunities

Author

Case, Nicola T, Berman, Judith, Blehert, David S, Cramer, Robert A, Cuomo, Christina, Currie, Cameron R, Ene, Iuliana V, Fisher, Matthew C, Fritz-Laylin, Lillian K, Gerstein, Aleeza C, Glass, N Louise, Gow, Neil AR, Gurr, Sarah J, Hittinger, Chris Todd, Hohl, Tobias M, Iliev, Iliyan D, James, Timothy Y, Jin, Hailing, Klein, Bruce S, Kronstad, James W, Lorch, Jeffrey M, McGovern, Victoria, Mitchell, Aaron P, Segre, Julia A, Shapiro, Rebecca S, Sheppard, Donald C, Sil, Anita, Stajich, Jason E, Stukenbrock, Eva E, Taylor, John W, Thompson, Dawn, Wright, Gerard D, Heitman, Joseph, and Cowen, Leah E

Subjects
Infection, Zero Hunger, Animals, Humans, Mycoses, Fungi, Ecosystem, Canada, Plants, ecosystem health, fungal pathogens, medical mycology, plant-pathogenic fungi, sustainability, wildlife pathogens, Genetics
Abstract

The fungal kingdom represents an extraordinary diversity of organisms with profound impacts across animal, plant, and ecosystem health. Fungi simultaneously support life, by forming beneficial symbioses with plants and producing life-saving medicines, and bring death, by causing devastating diseases in humans, plants, and animals. With climate change, increased antimicrobial resistance, global trade, environmental degradation, and novel viruses altering the impact of fungi on health and disease, developing new approaches is now more crucial than ever to combat the threats posed by fungi and to harness their extraordinary potential for applications in human health, food supply, and environmental remediation. To address this aim, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund convened a workshop to unite leading experts on fungal biology from academia and industry to strategize innovative solutions to global challenges and fungal threats. This report provides recommendations to accelerate fungal research and highlights the major research advances and ideas discussed at the meeting pertaining to 5 major topics: (1) Connections between fungi and climate change and ways to avert climate catastrophe; (2) Fungal threats to humans and ways to mitigate them; (3) Fungal threats to agriculture and food security and approaches to ensure a robust global food supply; (4) Fungal threats to animals and approaches to avoid species collapse and extinction; and (5) Opportunities presented by the fungal kingdom, including novel medicines and enzymes.

Published
2022

7. Threats Posed by the Fungal Kingdom to Humans, Wildlife, and Agriculture

Author

Fisher, Matthew C, Gurr, Sarah J, Cuomo, Christina A, Blehert, David S, Jin, Hailing, Stukenbrock, Eva H, Stajich, Jason E, Kahmann, Regine, Boone, Charles, Denning, David W, Gow, Neil AR, Klein, Bruce S, Kronstad, James W, Sheppard, Donald C, Taylor, John W, Wright, Gerard D, Heitman, Joseph, Casadevall, Arturo, and Cowen, Leah E

Subjects
Microbiology, Plant Biology, Biological Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Agriculture, Animals, Animals, Wild, Fungi, Global Health, Humans, Mycoses, Plant Diseases, Plants, antifungal resistance, biodiversity, food security, fungal pathogens, global health, medical mycology, plant-pathogenic fungi, wildlife pathogens, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medical microbiology
Abstract

The fungal kingdom includes at least 6 million eukaryotic species and is remarkable with respect to its profound impact on global health, biodiversity, ecology, agriculture, manufacturing, and biomedical research. Approximately 625 fungal species have been reported to infect vertebrates, 200 of which can be human associated, either as commensals and members of our microbiome or as pathogens that cause infectious diseases. These organisms pose a growing threat to human health with the global increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infections, prevalence of fungal allergy, and the evolution of fungal pathogens resistant to some or all current classes of antifungals. More broadly, there has been an unprecedented and worldwide emergence of fungal pathogens affecting animal and plant biodiversity. Approximately 8,000 species of fungi and Oomycetes are associated with plant disease. Indeed, across agriculture, such fungal diseases of plants include new devastating epidemics of trees and jeopardize food security worldwide by causing epidemics in staple and commodity crops that feed billions. Further, ingestion of mycotoxins contributes to ill health and causes cancer. Coordinated international research efforts, enhanced technology translation, and greater policy outreach by scientists are needed to more fully understand the biology and drivers that underlie the emergence of fungal diseases and to mitigate against their impacts. Here, we focus on poignant examples of emerging fungal threats in each of three areas: human health, wildlife biodiversity, and food security.

Published
2020

8. Demonstration of the role of cell wall homeostasis in Staphylococcus aureus growth and the action of bactericidal antibiotics

Author

Salamaga, Bartłomiej, Kong, Lingyuan, Pasquina-Lemonche, Laia, Lafage, Lucia, von und zur Muhlen, Milena, Gibson, Josie F., Grybchuk, Danyil, Tooke, Amy K., Panchal, Viralkumar, Culp, Elizabeth J., Tatham, Elizabeth, O’Kane, Mary E., Catley, Thomas E., Renshaw, Stephen A., Wright, Gerard D., Plevka, Pavel, Bullough, Per A., Han, Aidong, Hobbs, Jamie K., and Foster, Simon J.

Published
2021

15. Targeting fungal membrane homeostasis with imidazopyrazoindoles impairs azole resistance and biofilm formation

Author

Revie, Nicole M., Iyer, Kali R., Maxson, Michelle E., Zhang, Jiabao, Yan, Su, Fernandes, Caroline M., Meyer, Kirsten J., Chen, Xuefei, Skulska, Iwona, Fogal, Meea, Sanchez, Hiram, Hossain, Saif, Li, Sheena, Yashiroda, Yoko, Hirano, Hiroyuki, Yoshida, Minoru, Osada, Hiroyuki, Boone, Charles, Shapiro, Rebecca S., Andes, David R., Wright, Gerard D., Nodwell, Justin R., Del Poeta, Maurizio, Burke, Martin D., Whitesell, Luke, Robbins, Nicole, and Cowen, Leah E.

Published
2022
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16. The Caenorhabditis elegans bacterial microbiome influences microsporidia infection through nutrient limitation and inhibiting parasite invasion

Author

El Jarkass, Hala Tamim, primary, Castelblanco, Stefanie, additional, Kaur, Manpreet, additional, Wan, Yin Chen, additional, Ellis, Abigail E., additional, Sheldon, Ryan D., additional, Lien, Evan C., additional, Burton, Nick O., additional, Wright, Gerard D., additional, and Reinke, Aaron W., additional

Published
2024
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17. Targeting SUMOylation dependency in human cancer stem cells through a unique SAE2 motif revealed by chemical genomics

Author

Benoit, Yannick D., Mitchell, Ryan R., Wang, Wenliang, Orlando, Luca, Boyd, Allison L., Tanasijevic, Borko, Aslostovar, Lili, Shapovalova, Zoya, Doyle, Meaghan, Bergin, Christopher J., Vojnits, Kinga, Casado, Fanny L., Di Lu, Justin, Porras, Deanna P., García-Rodriguez, Juan Luis, Russell, Jennifer, Zouggar, Aïcha, Masibag, Angelique N., Caba, Cody, Koteva, Kalinka, Kinthada, Lakshmana K., Patel, Jagdish Suresh, Andres, Sara N., Magolan, Jakob, Collins, Tony J., Wright, Gerard D., and Bhatia, Mickie

Published
2021
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21. Minimal Impact on the Resistome of Children in Botswana After Azithromycin Treatment for Acute Severe Diarrheal Disease.

Author

Guitor, Allison K, Katyukhina, Anna, Mokomane, Margaret, Lechiile, Kwana, Goldfarb, David M, Wright, Gerard D, McArthur, Andrew G, and Pernica, Jeffrey M

Subjects
MOBILE genetic elements, MACROLIDE antibiotics, CLINICAL trial registries, DRUG resistance in bacteria, GUT microbiome
Abstract

Background Macrolide antibiotics, including azithromycin, can reduce under 5 years of age mortality rates and treat various infections in children in sub-Saharan Africa. These exposures, however, can select for antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the gut microbiota. Methods Our previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a rapid-test-and-treat strategy for severe acute diarrheal disease in children in Botswana included an intervention (3-day azithromycin dose) group and a control group that received supportive treatment. In this prospective matched cohort study using stools collected at baseline and 60 days after treatment from RCT participants, the collection of antibiotic resistance genes or resistome was compared between groups. Results Certain macrolide resistance genes increased in prevalence by 13%–55% at 60 days, without differences in gene presence between the intervention and control groups. These genes were linked to tetracycline resistance genes and mobile genetic elements. Conclusions Azithromycin treatment for bacterial diarrhea for young children in Botswana resulted in similar effects on the gut resistome as the supportive treatment and did not provide additional selective pressure for macrolide resistance gene maintenance. The gut microbiota of these children contains diverse macrolide resistance genes that may be transferred within the gut upon repeated exposures to azithromycin or coselected by other antibiotics. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02803827. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Lessons from assembling a microbial natural product and pre-fractionated extract library in an academic laboratory

Author

Cook, Michael A, primary, Pallant, Daniel, additional, Ejim, Linda, additional, Sutherland, Arlene D, additional, Wang, Xiaodong, additional, Johnson, Jarrod W, additional, McCusker, Susan, additional, Chen, Xuefei, additional, George, Maya, additional, Chou, Sommer, additional, Koteva, Kalinka, additional, Wang, Wenliang, additional, Hobson, Christian, additional, Hackenberger, Dirk, additional, Waglechner, Nicholas, additional, Ejim, Obie, additional, Campbell, Tracey, additional, Medina, Ricardo, additional, MacNeil, Lesley T, additional, and Wright, Gerard D, additional

Published
2023
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48. Toward a Universal Unit for Quantification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Environmental Samples

Author

Yin, Xiaole, Chen, Xi, Jiang, Xiao-Tao, Yang, Ying, Li, Bing, Shum, Marcus Ho-Hin, Lam, Tommy T Y, Leung, Gabriel M, Rose, Joan, Sanchez-Cid, Concepcion, Vogel, Timothy M, Walsh, Fiona, Berendonk, Thomas U, Midega, Janet, Uchea, Chibuzor, Frigon, Dominic, Wright, Gerard D, Bezuidenhout, Carlos, Picão, Renata C, Ahammad, Shaikh Z, Nielsen, Per Halkjær, Hugenholtz, Philip, Ashbolt, Nicholas J, Corno, Gianluca, Fatta-Kassinos, Despo, Bürgmann, Helmut, Schmitt, Heike, Cha, Chang-Jun, Pruden, Amy, Smalla, Kornelia, Cytryn, Eddie, Zhang, Yu, Yang, Min, Zhu, Yong-Guan, Dechesne, Arnaud, Smets, Barth F, Graham, David W, Gillings, Michael R, Gaze, William H, Manaia, Célia M, van Loosdrecht, Mark C M, Alvarez, Pedro J J, Blaser, Martin J, Tiedje, James M, Topp, Edward, and Zhang, Tong

Subjects
standardization, metagenomics, one-health, long-read sequencing, ARG copy per cell
Published
2023

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