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Objective: We aimed to evaluate the potential of Ampiang-Dadih (AD), a combination of Indonesian traditional fermented buffalo milk (Dadih) and black glutinous rice flakes (Ampiang) as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent and to prevent liver-cell degeneration using a rat model. Materials and Methods: A mixture of black glutinous rice powder (0.3 gm/gm feed) and fermented buffalo milk (3.74/200 gm BW) was prepared to obtain AD. Fifteen adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups of five animals each: (A) negative control group (distilled water; 5 weeks), (B) hypercholesterolemia group (1% cholesterol per feed; 5 weeks), and (C) preventive AD group (1% cholesterol and AD; 5 weeks). The blood lipid profiles were measured at weeks 2, 4, and 5. The liver enzyme activity, cholesterol level, and histology were observed at the end of week 5. Results: AD administration simultaneously with cholesterol in Group C significantly prevented an increase in total plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels compared to Group B. Alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were maintained at normal levels in Group C. Furthermore, the levels of liver cholesterol and liver cell degeneration in Group C were also maintained because of AD administration compared to that in Group B. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that AD has the potential to be developed as a functional food for hypercholesterolemia prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) leaves and ginger (Zingiber officinale) are known to have strong antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo, but information on the effectiveness of these plants in reducing oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus (DM) is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the oxidative stress condition in kidney and liver of experimental DM rats treated with the extract of pigeon pea leaves and ginger. The extract was analyzed for polyphenol profile using Acquity Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography instrument (UPLC) equipped with tandem micro mass. In vivo experiment was conducted with 25 male Sprague Dawley rats, randomly allocated into five groups: negative control (NC), DM rats as positive control (PC), DM treated with glibenclamide (G), and two DM groups treated with different doses of pigeon pea leaves and ginger extract (A and B). DM condition was achieved using 110 mg/kg BW alloxan-induction and all treatments were conducted for 28 days. The oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant-superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed using a spectrophotometer and Cu, Zn-SOD with the immunohistochemical technique. In addition, the blood glucose level was analyzed. The results showed that pigeon pea leaves and ginger extract increased SOD activity and Cu,Zn-SOD content but reduced MDA levels in kidney and liver of DM rats. The treatment also lowered blood glucose levels, hence, it was concluded that pigeon pea leaves and ginger extract ameliorated oxidative stress in kidney and liver of DM rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Veteriner is the property of Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Science / Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan is the property of Universitas Syiah Kuala, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Dayak tribe in Kalimantan has long used bawang dayak as a traditional cure for various degenerative diseases. Previous research showed that bawang dayak bulb has an active compound that can inhibit the enzyme alpha-glucosidase, known as alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (AGI). Compounds that have such ability has a potential in controlling blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus. This research aims to study the effective dosage of aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of bawang dayak bulb as an AGI through an oral glucose tolerance test in male Sprague Dawley rats. Experimental rats were divided into 14 groups, 7 for the ethanolic extract test and 7 for the aqueous extract test. The extracts were applied in 5 dosage levels in each test, with acarbose as a drug control and distilled water as a positive control. Data were plotted to determine the area under the curve (AUC). The effective dosage was the lowest dosage that gave a significantly smaller AUC value than the AUC value of the positive control group. The effective dosage for bawang dayak aqueous extract and bawang dayak ethanolic extract was 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively.

Copyright of Jurnal Veteriner is the property of Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acute toxicity test was conducted to evaluate the safety level of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) leaves extract, using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD 423) guideline method. The pigeon pea leaves were extracted using 96%ethanol as a solvent. A total of 9 male rats were used divided into 3 groups: 1 control group and 2 treatment groups. The rat in control group (group 1) received a single dose of distilled water while the rat in groups 2 and 3 received a single dose of pigeon pea leaves extract at doses of 300 mg/kg BW and 2000 mg/kg BW, respectively. The aquadest and extract suspension were administered orally using rat stomach tubedos. Mortality and clinical signs were examined in the first 4 hours (critical time), 24 hours, and 14 days after the treatments. The result revealed that the LD50 values of the extract was estimated at more than 5000 mg/kg BW and classified as practically nontoxic.

Hypercholesterolemia is a condition characterized by the presence of high levels of plasma cholesterol. This study aims to determine the morphological change of testicular cells in hypercholesterolemia rats treated by polysaccharides of sea cucumber, Holothuria nobilis. This study used 15 Sprague Dawley rats which was divided into 4 groups: non-hypercholesterolemia group (K-), hypercholesterolemia group (K+), prevention group that were given 1% cholesterol and 400 mg/kg of body weight polysaccharides (ChP), and curative hypercholesterolemia group that treated by 400 mg/kg of body weight polysaccharides (PCh). The ChP and PCh groups were treated for 28 days. Testicular tissue was processed histologically, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Cusson's trichrome staining, and observed using a light microscope. The results indicated that the treatment of sea cucumber polysaccharides could improve the healing process of interstitial cells (Leydig cell). However, the 28 days of hypercholesterolemia has not affected adversely on testicular spermatogenic cell development.

The combination of Cajanus cajan leaf and Zingiber oficinale rhizome extract resulted in a greater hypoglycemic effect than the single of both extracts. However, no research reported the toxic effect of both extracts. So, this study assessed the toxicity of a combination of C. cajan leaves and Z. officinale extract in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirty male and thirty female rats were used in this study. The rats were randomly assigned to six groups of ten rats per group (five males and five females): the control treatment group and three-dose extract treated groups for 28 days-treatment periods. The satellite control group and satellite group were extended for 14 daysrecovery periods. The combination doses of C. cajan leaves extracts, and Z. officinale extract were 200+100, 400+200 and 800+400 mg/kg bw. The number of dead rats, body weight, biochemistry, hematology, and histopathological observation of some organs were observed. The results demonstrated that orally administering the combination of C. cajan and Z. officinale extracts for 28 day did not show any toxic impacts on male and female rats. Moreover, no cumulative effects of the combined extracts were noted during the 14-day recovery period. These findings showed that there were insignificant alterations in body weight, hematology, biochemistry, and histopathological observations. The findings suggest the safety of the combined extract of C. cajan leaf and Z. officinale rhizome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Science / Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan is the property of Universitas Syiah Kuala, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tempe is a potential source of protein for 250 million people in Indonesia. Indonesian soybean demand reached 2.2 million tons per year, and 1.3 million tons of which are used for tempe production. Approximately 70% of the soybeans are imported from different countries. To improve national food security, it is important to use local soybean as a raw material. Therefore, this study used Grobogan local soybean as raw material. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the consumption of tempe (from local soybean Grobogan) in the long term, ie over a 90-day subchronic test using rats as a model. Parameters measured were serum biochemical profile, hematology, malonaldehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and kidney organs of rats. This research was conducted using three groups of rats which were fed tempe, boiled soybean, and casein as a source of protein in the ration. Data feed convertion efficiency showed that tempe of Grobogan soybean had a better protein quality than that of boiled soybean and casein. As compared to the groups of rats fed with boiled soybean and casein, the group fed with tempe had a higher HDL cholesterol, however no significant difference was observed in the hematological parameters, MDA and SOD in liver and kidney organs. This suggests consumption of tempe made from Grobogan soybean in the long term does not have a negative impact on health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]